Effects of Nuclear Radiation
By
[Link] Ahmed Abdalla
4-Effects of Nuclear Radiation
1-Effects to our body
1-Today, we use nuclear radiation in many [Link] radiation have
not only negative effects such as atomic weapon, but also positive
effects. Here lists positive effects of nuclear [Link] care :
Radiation can use to cancer [Link] We use X-ray to scan our
body or baggage at airports.
2-Nuclear radiation have some types of radiation. Nuclear radiation
have not only negative effects but also positive effects. We can use
nuclear radiation many ways and we mustuse it carefully.
3-Radioisotopes used for medical diagnosis must have short half-lives
and be quickly eliminated by the body
2-Radiation effects on humans
Effects of radiation exposure on human health
Nausea
● Vomiting
● Headadhe
● Some loss white blood cells
1
-3-Exsample when we expose radiation.
The case of atom-bombed Hiroshima
and Nagasaki, a boy suffered from
high fever and nausea. After 9 days,
His hair began to fall out. Finally he
died after he exposed radiation
4-Medical treatment
• There is no effective medical
• treatment available for potentially
• fatal radiation doses.
Conclusion fo radiation effect
• The radiation effect on human. It is very serious if we exposed
radiation.
• There is not medical treatment. So we have no possible to live if
we exposed
• radiation.
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5-Corrosion prediction and prevention in nuclear power plants
It is believed that the enhanced concentration of hydroxyl present in
irradiated water in the inner coolant loops of a light-water reactor must
be taken into account when designing nuclear power plants, to prevent
coolant loss resulting from corrosion.
2
i-Spent nuclear fuel
Gas generation by radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing
materials, has been an area of concern for the transport and storage of
radioactive materials and waste for a number of years. Potentially
combustible and corrosive gases can be generated while at the same
time, chemical reactions can remove hydrogen, and these reactions can
be enhanced by the presence of radiation.
The sodium and carbon dioxide substances are used in the control
rods of nuclear reactors
ii-Radiation therapy
When radiation enters the body, it will interact with the atoms and
molecules of the cells to produce free radicals and molecules that are
able to diffuse far enough to reach the critical target in the cell, the
DNA, and damage it indirectly through some chemical reaction. This is
the main damage mechanism for photons as they are used for example
in external beam radiation therapy.
iii-Effects on Plants:
Green plants are extremely sensitive to gamma rays.
Plants response varies according to age, growth stage,
plant species, chromosome volume and level of radiation.
Degree of damage intensity and duration of exposure of
radiation.
A serious risk factor associated with the operation of a
nuclear power plant is the production of radioisotopes with long
half-lives
3
iv-Effects on Animals:
o It may include tumor, dry, itchy skin, hair loss and
o discoloration of the skin around the tumor site.
o In addition, these particular tumors often release a
o disagreeable odour as the cancerous cells die.
o More serious side effects may include some nerve damage and
o either the death or hardening (called fibrosis) of healthy
tissue.
o The risk is associated with using nuclear fission to produce energy
in a power plant exposure of workers to radiation
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6-Applications. Of Radioactive isotopes
i- In medicine,
In medicine for example, cobalt-60 is extensively employed as a
radiation source to arrest the development of cancer.. When a
radioactive isotope is added in small amounts to comparatively large
quantities of the stable element, it behaves exactly the same as the
ordinary isotope chemically; it can, however, be traced with a Geiger
counter .
• Cobalt-60 and iodine-131 are radioactive isotopes that are used in
• medical procedures.
• Radioisotope iodine-131 is used in medicine to treat thyroid
disorders. radioactive isotope cobalt-60 is used in treating cancer
ii-In industry,
4
Radioactive isotopes are used for measuring the thickness of metal or
plastic sheets; their precise thickness is indicated by the strength of the
radiations that penetrate the material being inspected.
iii- Biological effects of radiations
The radiation is directly interacting with sensitive critical sites of the
tissue (DNA) to produce damage by breaking chemical bonds. The
chemically active free radicals are indirectly produced by interaction of
primary radiation with DNA of the tissue.
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