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Ecosystem Components and Energy Flow

The document outlines the concepts of environment and ecosystems, detailing their components, types, and interactions among organisms. It explains producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as energy flow, food chains, and biological magnification. Additionally, it covers vegetative propagation, micropropagation, and sexual reproduction in plants.

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garima0472
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22 views2 pages

Ecosystem Components and Energy Flow

The document outlines the concepts of environment and ecosystems, detailing their components, types, and interactions among organisms. It explains producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as energy flow, food chains, and biological magnification. Additionally, it covers vegetative propagation, micropropagation, and sexual reproduction in plants.

Uploaded by

garima0472
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENVIRONMENT

Environment refers to the complete range of physical and biological conditions in which
organisms live and interact with biotic and abiotic factors.
ECOSYSTEM
All interacting organisms in an area together with non-living components form an
ecosystem.
Example: forest, pond, lake, ocean.
TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
Natural ecosystem – forest, lake, ocean.
Artificial ecosystem – crop field, aquarium, garden.
COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic components – air, water, soil, light, temperature.
Biotic components – producers, consumers and decomposers.
PRODUCERS
Green plants and blue green algae prepare food by photosynthesis.
They are called autotrophs.
CONSUMERS
Herbivores – eat plants.
Carnivores – eat animals.
Omnivores – eat plants and animals.
Parasites – live on host and obtain food.
DECOMPOSERS
Micro organisms that break down dead plants and animals.
TROPHIC LEVELS
Steps in a food chain through which energy is transferred.
FOOD CHAIN
Sequence of organisms through which energy flows.
FOOD WEB
Network of interconnected food chains.
ENERGY FLOW
Energy flows in one direction only.
Only about ten percent energy is transferred to next level.
BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION
Increase in concentration of harmful chemicals at higher trophic levels.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Asexual reproduction using vegetative parts of plant.
Advantages include early flowering and disease free plants.
MICROPROPAGATION
Tissue culture technique for rapid multiplication of plants.
Large number of plants produced in short time.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Fusion of male and female gametes occurs.
Variation is seen in offspring.
Male gamete is small and motile.
Female gamete is large and stores food.

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