ETHICS
QUESTION 1) SOCIAL VALUES
Social values are the beliefs and principles that guide how people interact with each other in
smaller, day-to-day social settings. They help create positive relationships and promote
harmony within groups, like families, friends, workplaces, and communities. Common social
values include:
1. Respect: Treating others with dignity and valuing their opinions and feelings.
o "Respect for ourselves guides our morals; respect for others guides our
manners." — Laurence Sterne
o "We don’t have to agree on everything to respect each other." — Unknown
2. Kindness: Showing compassion and consideration for others.
o "No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted." — Aesop
o “Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see." —
Mark Twain
3. Honesty: Being truthful and transparent in interactions.
o "Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom." — Thomas Jefferson
o "The greatest advantage of speaking the truth is that you don’t have to
remember what you said." — Unknown
4. Cooperation: Working together to achieve common goals.
o "Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much." — Helen Keller
o "Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together
is success." — Henry Ford
5. Loyalty: Supporting and standing by people in social relationships.
o "Loyalty is the pledge of truth to oneself and others." — Ada Velez-Boardley
Social values foster trust, understanding, and cooperation, making social interactions smoother
and more supportive. They help build bonds between individuals and create a sense of
belonging within communities.
QUESTION 2) Aristotle’s philosophy
Aristotle’s philosophy, particularly his ethics, revolves around the idea of achieving happiness
(eudaimonia) through virtuous living. He believed that happiness is not just a fleeting feeling
but a state of being that results from living a life of virtue and fulfilling one's potential.
Aristotle proposed that virtues are traits that lie between two extremes (vices). For example,
courage is a virtue that lies between recklessness (too much courage) and cowardice (too little).
By practicing virtues, individuals can cultivate a balanced character, leading to true happiness.
A famous quote by Aristotle on happiness is: "Happiness depends upon ourselves." This
suggests that happiness is not just about external circumstances but is rooted in our choices
and actions.
For example, consider someone who chooses to be honest. This act of honesty, though it may
sometimes be difficult, aligns with the virtue of truthfulness and leads to deeper relationships
and self-respect, contributing to overall happiness.
In summary, Aristotle's philosophy emphasizes the importance of virtue, balance, and personal
responsibility in the pursuit of a fulfilling and happy life.
1. General Happiness: A person may feel happy after receiving a promotion or going to a
party, but this happiness may quickly dissipate once the excitement fades.
2. Aristotle’s Happiness: A person who dedicates time to mentoring others or practicing a
craft they love may experience a deep sense of fulfillment and joy that lasts over time,
even through life's ups and downs.
QUESTION 3) Judaism Ten commandments (old testements, new testements comparison) in
ethics
The Ten Commandments, foundational to both Judaism and Christianity, serve as ethical guidelines, but
their interpretations and emphasis can differ between the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) and the New
Testament. Here’s a comparison focusing on their ethical implications in each context:
You shall have no other gods before Me.
Ethical Link: Stay loyal to one true source of right and wrong, which helps you be honest and
committed.
You shall not make for yourself an idol.
Ethical Link: Don’t let false values or distractions lead you away from being your true self and
doing the right thing.
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
Ethical Link: Be respectful in what you say, which builds trust and honesty with others.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Ethical Link: Take time to rest and recharge, which is important for your well-being and helps
you be more balanced in life.
Honor your father and your mother.
Ethical Link: Show respect and care for your parents, which strengthens family ties and
community.
You shall not murder.
Ethical Link: Value human life and respect everyone’s right to live peacefully, which is essential
for a safe society.
You shall not commit adultery.
Ethical Link: Be faithful in relationships, which builds trust and protects families and friendships.
You shall not steal.
Ethical Link: Respect other people's property and fairness, which helps everyone feel secure and
valued.
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
Ethical Link: Tell the truth and avoid spreading lies, which maintains justice and trust in the
community.
You shall not covet.
Ethical Link: Don’t be envious of what others have; instead, appreciate what you have, which
leads to happier relationships.
Aspect Old Testament New Testament
Purpose Rules for how to live as Teachings about love and
God's people. kindness.
Focus Following the laws Being loving and caring.
strictly.
Ethical Approach Clear rules with Forgiveness and
punishments for breaking understanding.
them.
Relationship with God Obeying rules shows Loving God is the main
loyalty to God. point.
Community Impact Rules help keep society in Encourages helping and
order. loving each other.
Internal vs. External Focus on actions and Focus on feelings and
following laws. intentions.
Examples Punishments for stealing Anger and lust can be
or killing. wrong too.
QUESTION 3) Effects of modern science on ethics, who is Fatima”
Modern science has both improved and challenged ethical values in society. Let's break this
down simply.
Advantages of Modern Science:
1. Improved Healthcare: Science has led to advances in medicine, saving lives and
improving the quality of life.
2. Technological Comfort: Modern conveniences like clean energy, communication
technologies, and transportation make daily life easier.
3. Understanding of the World: Science has increased our understanding of nature and
the universe, leading to better planning and progress.
Disadvantages of Modern Science:
1. Ethical Dilemmas: Technologies like cloning, genetic modification, and artificial
intelligence raise questions about whether humans should interfere in certain natural
processes.
2. Privacy Concerns: Innovations in technology, such as data collection, raise issues about
how much of our personal information should be shared.
3. Environmental Impact: Some scientific advancements contribute to pollution and
climate change, challenging the balance between development and nature.
In ethical terms, modern science pushes us to think about what is right or wrong. It forces
societies to consider how advancements should be used, weighing the benefits to humanity
against potential risks or moral issues.