ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS: These questions consist of two statements each, printed as

Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are requested to choose any one of the
following four responses.

A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

1. Assertion: Ovule after fertilization forms the fruit.

Reason: The fruit contains diploid endosperm.

2. Assertion: If an endosperm cell of angiosperm contains 24 chromosomes, the number of

chromosomes in the cell of root will be 16.
Reason: As the endosperm is triploid and root cells are diploid, the chromosome number in
each of root cell will be 16.

3. Assertion: Megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores.

Reason: Megaspore mother cell and megaspores both are haploid.

Case -based questions:

1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (1) to (v) given below:
Cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from one flower to the stigma of a
genetically different flower. It is performed with the help of an external agency which
may be abiotic (Eg., wind, water) or biotic (eg.; insects, birds, bats, snails). The diagram
shows the carpel of an insect pollinated flower.

i. The given diagram shows the carpel of an insect pollinated flower. What is the
most likely reason for the non-germination of pollen grain Z?
(a) Pollen grains X and Y were brought to the stigma earlier, therefore, their
germination inhibited the germination of pollen grain Z.
(b) Pollen grain Z was brought to the flower by wind, while pollen grains X and Y
were brought to the flower by insects.
 (c) Pollen grain Z lacks protrusions that allow it to adhere properly onto the
stigma surface.
(d) Pollen grain Z comes from a flower of an incompatible species.

ii. Pollination by insect is called

(a) entomophily
(b) chiropterophily
(c) anemophily
(d) ornithophily

iii. Out of the following characters which one is not applicable for wind
pollination
(a) Stamen hang out of the flowers exposing the anthers to the wind
(b) the pollen grains are tiny and light
(c) the flowers are nectar less
(d) the petals are brightly coloured

iv. How many of the above characteristics are of insect pollinated flower
a. 1 b.2 c. 3 d. 4

v. Pollen kit is generally found in

(a) anemophilous flowers
(b) Entomophilous flowers
(c) ornithophilous flowers
(d) malacophilous flowers

2. The diagram of an angiosperm ovule is presented below.

(a) Give the technical term for ovule.

(b) Identify and name the part that:
(i) attaches the ovule to the placenta
(ii) remains as perisperm in some seeds.
(iii) forms the testa of seed.
(iv) represents the basal part of the ovule.
(v) represents the female gametophyte.
3. A typical anther is bilobed, dithecous and tetrasporangiate. Pollen Grain develop inside
the microsporangia. Four wall layers, epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum
surround the microsporangium. Cells of the sporogenous tissue lying in the centre of the
microsporangium undergo meiosis to form tetrads of microspores.

(a) A dithecous anther of an angiospermic plant species has 100 microspore mother cells
in each of its [Link] many pollen grains can this anther produce?
(b) State the reason, why pollen grains lose their viability when the tapetum in the
microsporangium is malfunctioning?
©Can you think of the reason how tapetal cells would become binucleate?
OR
©Arrange the following terms in the correct developmental sequence: Pollen grain,
sporogenous tissue, microscope tetrad, pollen mother cell, male gametes

4. Apomixis:
Seeds in general are the product of fertilization. But, some species of Asteraceae and
grasses have evolved a special mechanism to produce seeds without fertilization called
apomixis. Thus apomixis. Is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual
reproduction. There are several ways of developing of apomictic seeds. In some species,
the diploid egg cell is formed without meiosis develops into embryo without fertilization
.In many citrus and mango varieties, some of the nucellus cells surrounding the embryo
sac start dividing, protrude into the embryo sac and develop into embryos.

(a)If the parental maize plant has 20 chromosomes in the nucellus cells, what will be the
no. of chromosomes in its apomictic seeds?
(b)What is the similarity between apomixis and sexual reproduction?
©Explain the importance of apomixis in horticulture and agriculture.
OR
©Can new plants produced by apomixis be called clones. Give reason.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

1. Write the cellular contents carried by the pollen tube. How does the pollen tube gain its entry into
the embryo sac?

2. Name the type of fruit, apple is categorized under and why? Mention two other examples, which
belong to the same category as apple.

3. It is said apomixes is a type of asexual reproduction. Justify.

4. Mention the ploidy of the different types of cells present in the female gametophyte of an
Angiosperm.

5. Gynoecium of a flower may be apocarpous or syncarpous. Explain with the help of an example
each.

6. (a) Plants have two phases in their life cycle: sporophytic phase and gametophytic phase. The
sporophytic phase is diploid and vegetative while the gametophytic phase is haploid and
reproductive. From this information, identify the male gametophyte in angiosperms.

(b) The megasporangium is the female spore-bearing structure which carries the megaspore mother
cell. This gives rise to the megaspores. Name the megaspore in angiosperms.

7. In angiosperms, the male gametophyte has a simple structure while the female gametophyte has a
much more complex structure with multiple supporting cells in it.

How does such a structural difference help each gametophyte perform their functions better?

8. Emasculation is the process of removal of anthers from a flower and is practised in artificial
hybridisation techniques.

(a) Mention ONE case where emasculation is compulsory and ONE where it is not required during
such hybridisation processes.

(b) Why is bagging a compulsory technique even when emasculation is not required?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3-MARKS):

1. Explain the different modes of pollination that can occur in a chasmogamous flower.

2. Differentiate between parthenocarpy and parthenogenesis. Give one example of each.

3. In plant breeding experiments, pistillate flowers are not emasculated, but are still bagged. Explain.

4. Parthenocarpy and apomixis have been observed in some plants. Give an example of each. State a
similarity and a difference observed between the two processes.

5. Write the differences between wind-pollinated and insect pollinated flowers. Give examples of
each type.

6. Angiosperms undergo double fertilisation.

(a) What is/are the product/s of double fertilisation?

(b) If you are given a pea pod, how can you identify the product/s of double fertilisation in it?
7. Banana and many citrus fruits are formed without fertilisation.

(a) Name the process of fruit/seed formation in both.

(b) Mention ONE similarity and ONE difference between the two processes.