Science
(Class-10th)
A. Core Content Questions (30)
1- mark/MCQ- type Questions
1. Name the gas released during photosynthesis.
2. State the SI unit of electric current.
3. Which non-metal is a good conductor of electricity?
4. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
5. Write the formula of baking soda.
6. Name the process by which green plants prepare their own food.
7. Which mirror is used in a car’s rear-view mirror?
8. Name the functional group present in ethanol.
9. Which organ acts as the main excretory organ in humans?
10. What is the main ore of aluminium?
Short Questions (2-mark type)
11. State two differences between acids and bases.
12. Write any two properties of ionic compounds.
13. What is double circulation? Write one advantage.
14. State any two uses of a convex mirror.
15. What is bio-magnification? Give one example.
Short Questions (3-mark type)
16. Explain three modes of asexual reproduction in plants with one example each.
17. State the laws of reflection of light and draw a neat diagram.
18. Explain electrolysis of water with a labelled diagram and balanced equation.
19. List any three physical properties of metals.
20. Describe the structure and function of a nephron in brief.
Long Questions (4-mark type)
21. Explain the structure of the human eye and mention two common defects of vision.
22. What is the reactivity series? How does it help to predict the products of displacement
reactions?
23. Explain any four characteristics of a good fuel.
24. State the differences between homologous and analogous organs with suitable examples.
25. What are fossil fuels? List any three problems associated with their overuse.
Long Questions (5-mark type)
26. Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart and explain the path of blood flow (double
circulation).
27. Explain Ohm’s law. Derive the relation between V, I and R and draw the V–I graph for a
resistor.
28. Explain Mendel’s experiment on inheritance of one pair of contrasting traits and state the
law derived.
29. Describe the process of digestion in humans, starting from the mouth to the small intestine.
30. Explain the construction and working of an electric motor with a neat labelled diagram.
B. Competency-Based Questions (20)
Case/Source/Data-based (application) – mix of 2, 3, 4, 5
marks
31. A farmer notices excessive growth of algae in his pond after heavy use of phosphate-rich
fertilisers.
a) Name the phenomenon.
b) Explain how fertiliser use leads to this condition.
c) Suggest any two measures to prevent it.
32. A student connects a circuit with a 12 V battery and two resistors of 2 Ω and 4 Ω in
series.
a) Calculate the total resistance.
b) Find the current in the circuit.
c) If the same resistors were in parallel, would the current increase or decrease? Justify.
33. The pH values of four solutions A, B, C and D are 2, 5, 7 and 9 respectively.
a) Identify the most acidic and most basic solution.
b) Which solution is neutral?
c) Which solution would you use to treat soil that has become too acidic? Explain.
34. An industrial unit releases untreated effluents into a nearby river. Villagers downstream
report skin irritation and fish kills.
a) Name two likely pollutants present in such effluents.
b) State two effects of this pollution on aquatic life.
c) Suggest two control measures at the industry level.
35. A food chain in a lake is: Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Small fish → Large fish →
Bird.
a) If a non-biodegradable pesticide is added to the lake, which organism will have the
maximum concentration?
b) Name the phenomenon involved.
c) Explain why top-level consumers are most affected.
36. A student performs an experiment using a convex lens of focal length 15 cm and places
an object at 30 cm from the lens.
a) Calculate the image distance.
b) State the nature (real/virtual) and size (enlarged/diminished/same) of the image.
c) Draw a ray diagram to support your answer.
37. In a village, tube-wells drawing deep groundwater show high levels of fluoride causing
dental and skeletal problems.
a) What type of pollution is this?
b) Suggest any two methods to reduce fluoride in drinking water.
c) As a science student, suggest one awareness message for villagers.
38. A survey shows that students who spend more time in physical activity have better lung
capacity.
a) Name the life process associated with lung function.
b) Explain how regular exercise can improve this process.
c) State two ways to keep our respiratory system healthy.
39. A metal ‘X’ reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce a colourless, odourless gas
that burns with a pop sound.
a) Identify gas and metal ‘X’ (any suitable example).
b) Write the balanced chemical equation.
c) How will you collect this gas in the lab?
40. A school decides to adopt solar panels for its electricity needs.
a) Name the energy transformation taking place in solar panels.
b) Mention two advantages of using solar energy for the school.
c) State two limitations of solar energy.
41. A sample of blood is tested and found to have a very high level of glucose.
a) Which hormone is likely to be deficient?
b) Which gland secretes this hormone?
c) Mention two lifestyle changes that can help manage this condition.
42. A student observes two plants: one tall and one dwarf, both with purple flowers. After
self-pollination, tall plants produce some dwarf offspring but dwarf plants do not produce
tall offspring.
a) Which trait is dominant: tallness or dwarfness?
b) Explain using genotype symbols (T/t).
c) Why do dwarf plants not produce tall offspring?
43. A city experiences smog and reduced visibility in winter mornings.
a) Name the two main components of smog.
b) State two health impacts on humans.
c) Suggest any two control measures at city level.
44. In an experiment on refraction, a ray of light passes from air into glass and bends
towards the normal.
a) Compare the speeds of light in air and in glass.
b) State the reason for bending towards the normal.
c) Mention two applications of refraction in daily life.
45. A class conducts an activity to test the effect of light direction on plant growth by placing
potted plants near a window.
a) What response do the plants show to light?
b) Which plant hormone is involved?
c) Explain briefly how this hormone causes bending.
46. A battery of 6 V is connected across a resistor, producing a current of 0.5 A. Another
student uses a 3 V battery with the same resistor.
a) Calculate the resistance.
b) Find the current with the 3 V battery.
c) What conclusion about V and I can be drawn from this activity?
47. Data from an experiment on photosynthesis:
– Plant A kept in sunlight with CO₂ supply.
– Plant B kept in dark with CO₂ supply.
– Plant C kept in sunlight without CO₂.
a) In which plant will starch be formed?
b) Justify with one reason each for B and C.
c) State any one test used to detect starch.
48. A student compares the heating effect of current in two wires of the same material and
length but different thickness.
a) Which wire will get hotter for the same current?
b) Explain using the concept of resistance.
c) Mention one practical application of the heating effect of current.
49. In a community health survey, children in a locality show high incidence of diarrhoea
after heavy rains.
a) What is the most likely cause related to water quality?
b) Suggest two immediate measures to make drinking water safe at home.
c) Suggest one long-term measure for local authorities.
50. A school wants to reduce its overall carbon footprint.
a) Define ‘carbon footprint’.
b) Suggest three practical steps the school can take.
c) Which science topic does this connect with (chapter theme)?