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Effective Problem Solving Techniques

Problem solving encompasses reflective and creative types, focusing on understanding issues and generating solutions without preconceived notions. The process involves defining, analyzing, and establishing criteria for solutions, followed by brainstorming and action planning. It is particularly useful in educational settings for addressing complex dilemmas and fostering strategic thinking among students.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views2 pages

Effective Problem Solving Techniques

Problem solving encompasses reflective and creative types, focusing on understanding issues and generating solutions without preconceived notions. The process involves defining, analyzing, and establishing criteria for solutions, followed by brainstorming and action planning. It is particularly useful in educational settings for addressing complex dilemmas and fostering strategic thinking among students.

Uploaded by

Idisi Sarah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What is Problem Solving?

There are two major types of problem solving – reflective and creative. Regardless of the
type of problem solving a class uses, problem solving focuses on knowing the issues,
considering all possible factor and finding a solution. Because all ideas are accepted initially,
problem solving allows for finding the best possible solution as opposed to the easiest
solution or the first solution proposed.

What is its purpose?

The process is used to help students think about a problem without applying their own pre-
conceived ideas. Defining what the problem looks like is separated from looking at the cause
of the problem to prevent premature judgment. Similarly, clarifying what makes an
acceptable solution is defined before solutions are generated, preventing preconceptions
from driving solutions. Some people argue that problem solving is the art of reasoning in its
purest form. In the classroom, problem solving is best used to help student understand
complex ethical dilemmas, think about the future or do some strategic planning.

How can I do it?

Reflective Problem Solving follows a series of tasks. Once you have broken the students
into groups, the students define the problem, analyze the problem, establish the criteria for
evaluating solutions, propose solutions and take action.

Define the Problem: List all the characteristics of the problem by focusing on the symptoms,
things affected, and resources or people related to defining the problem. In the end, pair
down the thinking to a clear definition of the problem to be solved.

Analyze the Problem: Use the evidence you collected in step one to decide why the problem
exists. This step is separate from defining the problem because when the steps are done
together it is possible to prejudge the cause.

Establish Criteria: Set a clear objective for the solution. If the problem is too hard, break
the objectives into two categories – musts and wants. Don’t discuss solutions yet, just what
criteria a solution must meet.

Propose Solutions: Brainstorm as many different solutions as possible. Select the one that
best meets the objectives you stated as a part of the criteria for a solution.

Take action: Write a plan for what to do including all resources you will need to complete
the plan. If possible, implement the plan.

Creative Problem Solving uses the same basic focus, but the process is less geared
towards solutions and more towards a focus on brainstorming. The focus is on creating
ideas rather than solving a clear existing problem. Sometimes the problem is pre-defined,
and the group must focus on understanding the definition rather than creating it.

Orientation: Similar to defining the problem, orientation also focuses on being sure the
group is prepared to work together. The group might take the time to agree upon behaviors
or ways of saying things in addition to setting the context and symptoms of the issues. The
group generates a series of headings that group the topics they must address.
Preparation and Analysis: Decide which headings are relevant or irrelevant. The group
focuses on similarities and differences between ideas and works on grouping them into like
categories. The group asks how and why a lot, and focuses on the root cause of the problem
in a way that is similar to analyzing the problem.

Brainstorm: The group generates as many potential solutions as possible. At this point, all
ideas are considered to be good ones.

Incubation: Before deciding which solution is the best, the group should leave the problem
for as much time as reasonable. Often several days or a week is ideal depending on the
ages of the students. Leave enough time to develop distance but not long enough for
students to lose the gist of their earlier work.

Synthesis and Verification: Start by establishing the criteria for a good solution, then look at
all the brainstormed solutions and try to combine them to create the solution with the
greatest numbers of positives and the smallest numbers of negatives.

How can I adapt it?

If you are working in a multi-grade room or on a project that involves a diverse group,
problem solving is a great process for achieving consensus. You can also use parts of the
process to help students challenge set thinking patterns.

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Common questions

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The incubation phase in creative problem solving is beneficial because it allows participants to develop distance from the problem. This time can lead to fresh insights and prevent burnout, facilitating creative solutions that may not have emerged during immediate, intense focus. The break fosters cognitive recharge and can lead to unexpected connections or ideas, enhancing the overall quality of solutions recognized upon return .

Separating the definition and analysis steps in problem solving helps prevent premature judgment by ensuring that the cause of the problem is not assumed or concluded too early. The definition step focuses solely on listing the problem's characteristics, allowing for a neutral perspective. The analysis step, conducted afterwards, uses this neutral perspective to explore why the problem exists, thus preventing biases from influencing the understanding of the cause .

Grouping topics during the preparation and analysis phase of creative problem solving is significant because it allows for better management and understanding of complex issues. By categorizing similar ideas and distinguishing relevant from irrelevant ones, groups can focus on core issues more efficiently and streamline the process of identifying root causes, facilitating more effective brainstorming and solution development .

Brainstorming sessions in creative problem solving provide strategic value by encouraging the free flow of ideas, fostering an environment where unconventional solutions can emerge without immediate judgment. This openness promotes creativity and can uncover innovative approaches that might not surface in more structured problem-solving methods, enhancing the chance of developing a breakthrough solution .

Setting criteria for evaluating solutions before proposing them is important because it provides a clear standard against which proposed solutions can be measured. This prevents preconceptions from influencing judgment and ensures solutions align with the outlined objectives, maintaining focus on genuine problem resolution rather than settling for convenient or bias-driven outcomes .

Problem solving techniques can be adapted to foster consensus in diverse group settings by utilizing reflective and creative problem solving methods that emphasize inclusivity and understanding. Ensuring that all group members agree on discussion norms and behaviors creates a respectful working environment. Using brainstorming sessions to generate diverse solutions without immediate judgment promotes a sense of contribution from all participants. Setting clear criteria for solutions allows the group to collectively evaluate options objectively, leading to consensus .

Problem solving is considered the "art of reasoning in its purest form" especially in complex scenarios such as ethical dilemmas, strategic planning, or when thinking about future challenges. These situations require a deep understanding of issues, the ability to analyze multiple factors, and construct well-reasoned solutions without bias, embodying the essence of reasoning and critical thinking .

Reflective problem solving follows a structured series of tasks focusing on defining the problem, analyzing it, establishing solution criteria, proposing solutions, and taking action. The process is geared towards practical solutions based on clear problem definitions. Meanwhile, creative problem solving emphasizes brainstorming and idea generation rather than immediate solutions. It allows for more flexibility, sometimes without a pre-defined problem, and involves steps like orientation, preparation, brainstorming, incubation, and synthesis .

Problem solving techniques assist in preventing preconceptions from driving solutions by structuring the process into distinct phases such as defining the problem, analyzing it separately, and establishing criteria before proposing solutions. This structured approach ensures that solutions arise from a thorough, unbiased understanding of the problem and adhere to pre-defined criteria rather than initial impressions or preconceived notions .

Group dynamics in the problem orientation phase of creative problem solving are crucial as they set the stage for teamwork, ensuring the group is prepared to collaborate effectively. During this phase, the group agrees on communication behaviors and ways of tackling issues to establish a cooperative environment. These dynamics facilitate smoother navigation through subsequent stages by promoting openness and shared understanding .

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