n

THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL, DUBAI

Choose the correct answer

1 D Statement i and iii are correct 1

3 A. Punjab and Haryana 1

4 C. Bangar & Khadar 1

5 A. Arid Soil 1

6 B. Development should take place without damaging the environment. 1

7 B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1

8 C. a- 5, b-1, c-4, d-2, e-3 1

9 1. Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life 2
and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
2. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running
water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the
formation of soil.
10 1. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline 2
and metamorphic rocks.
2. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
11 1. Depletion of resources 3
2. Accumulation of resources in few hands
3. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises
such as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution
and land degradation
12 An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained 3
quality of life and global peace. There are regions which are rich in certain types
of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries
continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
Resource planning is essential for the sustainable existence of all forms
of life because it helps ensure that natural resources are used wisely and
conserved for the future. Resources like water, forests, minerals, and fossil fuels
are limited and unevenly distributed. If we use them without planning, they may
get exhausted or damaged, leading to problems for humans, animals, and the
environment. Proper resource planning helps us avoid overuse, reduce waste, and
protect ecosystems. It also ensures that resources are shared fairly and used in a
way that supports both development and conservation. By planning how we use
resources today, we can make sure they are available for future generations and
maintain a healthy balance in nature.

Page 1 of 2
13 It was primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonizing
countries that helped them to exploit resources of other regions and establish
their supremacy over the colonies.
Colonization created a connection between new technologies and changes in how 3
countries were run. When European powers took control of other lands, they
brought advanced tools and machines like railways, telegraphs, and steamships.
These technologies helped them rule more easily and take resources from the
colonies. To manage this, they also changed the way local governments, laws,
and land systems worked. Traditional systems were replaced with new ones that
suited the needs of the colonizers. Because of this, many colonies became part of
global trade and were no longer self-sufficient. So, colonization showed how
technological progress often led to big changes in institutions and the way
societies were organized.
Therefore, resources can contribute to development only when they are
accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional
changes.

14 1. Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the 5
slopes. This is called contour ploughing.
2. Steps can be cut out on the slopes, making terraces. Terrace cultivation
restricts erosion. Western and central Himalayas have well developed
terrace farming.
3. Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow
between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is
known as strip cropping.
4. Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of
such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed
significantly to the stabilization of sand dunes and in stabilizing the desert
in Western India
15 a) The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. 4
The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. (1)
b) Human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining etc., and
natural forces like wind, glacier and water disturbs the balance between the formation
of soil and soil erosion (1)
c) It is caused by human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and
mining etc., natural forces like wind, glacier and water. Gully erosion- water cuts
through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. Sheet erosion - water
flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope and the top soil is washed away, Wind
blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion.
Soil erosion is also caused due to defective methods of farming. (2)
16 Map
A. Arid soil
B. Forest soil and Mountainous
C. Black soil

Page 2 of 2