TUTORIAL 2
2.1. Consider the following data.
14 21 23 21 16
19 22 25 16 16
24 24 25 19 16
19 18 19 21 12
16 17 18 23 25
20 23 16 20 19
24 26 15 22 24
20 22 24 22 20
a. Develop a frequency distribution using classes of 12–14, 15–17, 18–20, 21–23, and 24–
26.
b. Develop a relative frequency distribution and a percent frequency distribution using the
classes in part (a)
2.2. NBA Total Player Ratings. [Link] developed the Total Player Ratings system
to rate players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) based upon various offensive
and defensive statistics. The following data show the average number of points scored per
game (PPG) for 50 players with the highest ratings for a portion of an NBA season
([Link] website).
27.0 28.8 26.4 27.1 22.9 28.4 19.2 21.0 20.8 17.6
21.1 19.2 21.2 15.5 17.2 16.7 17.6 18.5 18.3 18.3
23.3 16.4 18.9 16.5 17.0 11.7 15.7 18.0 17.7 14.6
15.7 17.2 18.2 17.5 13.6 16.3 16.2 13.6 17.1 16.7
17.0 17.3 17.5 14.0 16.9 16.3 15.1 12.3 18.7 14.6
Use classes starting at 10 and ending at 30 in increments of 2 for PPG in the following.
a. Show the frequency distribution.
b. Show the relative frequency distribution.
c. Show the cumulative percent frequency distribution.
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d. Develop a histogram for the average number of points scored per game.
e. Do the data appear to be skewed? Explain.
f. What percentage of the players averaged at least 20 points per game?
2.3. Marathon Runner Ages. The Flying Pig is a marathon (26.2 mile long) running race held
every year in Cincinnati, Ohio. Suppose that the following data show the ages for a sample
of 40 marathon runners.
49 33 40 37 56
44 46 57 55 32
50 52 43 64 40
46 24 30 37 43
31 43 50 36 61
27 44 35 31 43
52 43 66 31 50
72 26 59 21 47
a. Construct a stretched stem-and-leaf display.
b. Which age group had the largest number of runners?
c. Which age occurred most frequently?
2.4. The following observations are for two quantitative variables, 𝑥 and 𝑦.
Observation 𝒙 y Observation x y
1 28 72 11 13 98
2 17 99 12 84 21
3 52 58 13 59 32
4 79 34 14 17 81
5 37 60 15 70 34
6 71 22 16 47 64
7 37 77 17 35 68
8 27 85 18 62 67
9 64 45 19 30 39
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10 53 47 20 43 28
a. Develop a crosstabulation for the data, with 𝑥 as the row variable and 𝑦 as the column
variable. For 𝑥 use classes of 10-29, 30-49, and so on; for 𝑦 use classes of 40-59, 60-79, and
so on.
b. Compute the row percentages.
c. Compute the column percentages.
d. What is the relationship, if any, between 𝑥 and 𝑦?
2.5. Daytona 500 Automobile Makes Average Speeds. The Daytona 500 is a 500 -mile
automobile race held annually at the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach,
Florida. The following crosstabulation shows the automobile make by average speed of the
25 winners over a 25 year period (The World Almanac).
Average Speed in Miles per Hour
Make 130-139.9 140-149.9 150-159.9 160-169.9 170-179.9 Total
Buick 1 1
Chevrolet 3 5 4 3 1 16
Dodge 2 2
Ford 2 1 2 1 6
Total 6 8 6 4 1 25
a. Compute the row percentages.
b. What percentage of winners driving a Chevrolet won with an average speed of at least 150
miles per hour?
c. Compute the column percentages.
d. What percentage of winning average speeds 160 − 169.9 miles per hour were
Chevrolets?
2.6. eICU Waiting Times. There is a severe shortage of critical care doctors and nurses to
provide intensive-care services in hospitals. To offset this shortage, many hospitals, such as
Emory Hospital in Atlanta, are using electronic intensive-care units (eICUs) to help provide
this care to patients (Emory University News Center). eICUs use electronic monitoring tools
and twoway communication through video and audio so that a centralized staff of specially
trained doctors and nurses-who can be located as far away as Australia-can provide critical
care services to patients located in remote hospitals without fully staffed ICUs. One of the
most important metrics tracked by these eICUs is the time that a patient must wait for the
first video interaction between the patient and the eICU staff. Consider the following sample
of 40 patient waiting times until their first video interaction with the eICU staff.
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Wait Time (minutes) Wait Time (minutes) Wait Time (minutes) Wait Time (minutes)
40 46 49 44
45 45 38 51
42 46 41 45
49 41 48 42
49 40 42 43
43 42 41 41
55 43 42 40
42 40 49 43
44 45 61 37
40 37 39 43
a. Compute the mean waiting time for these 40 patients.
b. Compare the mean waiting time.
c. Compute the mode.
d. Compute the first and third quartiles.
2.7. In automobile mileage and gasoline-consumption testing, 13 automobiles were road
tested for 300 miles in both city and highway driving conditions. The following data were
recorded for miles-per-gallon performance.
City: 16.2 16.7 15.9 14.4 13.2 15.3 16.8 16.0 16.1 15.3 15.2 15.3 16.2
Highway: 19.4 20.6 18.3 18.6 19.2 17.4 17.2 18.6 19.0 21.1 19.4 18.5 18.7
Use the mean, median, and mode to make a statement about the difference in performance
for city and highway driving.
2.8. Air Quality Index. The Los Angeles Times regularly reports the air quality index for
various areas of Southern California. A sample of air quality index values for Pomona
provided the following data:
28, 42, 58, 48, 45, 55, 60, 49, and 50.
a. Compute the range and interquartile range.
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b. Compute the sample variance and sample standard deviation.
c. A sample of air quality index readings for Anaheim provided a sample mean of 48.5, a
sample variance of 136, and a sample standard deviation of 11.66. What comparisons can
you make between the air quality in Pomona and that in Anaheim on the basis of these
descriptive statistics?
2.9. Cellular Phone Spending. According to the 2016 Consumer Expenditure Survey,
Americans spend an average of $1124 on cellular phone service annually (U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics website). Suppose that we wish to determine if there are differences in
cellular phone expenditures by age group. Therefore, samples of 10 consumers were selected
for three age groups (18 − 34,35 − 44,45 and older). The annual expenditure for each
person in the sample is provided in the table below.
18-34 35-44 45 and Older
1355 969 1135
115 434 956
1456 1792 400
2045 1500 1374
1621 1277 1244
994 1056 825
1937 1922 763
1200 1350 1192
1567 1586 1305
1390 1415 1510
a. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation for the each of these three samples.
b. What observations can be made based on these data?
2.10. The Energy Information Administration reported that the mean retail price per gallon
of regular grade gasoline was $2.05 (Energy Information Administration, May 2009).
Suppose that the standard deviation was $.10 and that the retail price per gallon has a bell
shaped distribution.
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a. What percentage of regular grade gasoline sold between $1.95 and $2.15 per gallon?
b. What percentage of regular grade gasoline sold between $1.95 and $2.25 per gallon?
c. What percentage of regular grade gasoline sold for more than $2.25 per gallon?
2.11. A sample of 10 NCAA college basketball game scores provided the following data
(USA Today, January 26, 2004).
Winning Team Points Losing Team Points Winning Margin
Arizona 90 Oregon 66 24
Duke 85 Georgetown 66 19
Florida State 75 Wake Forrest 70 5
Kansas 78 Colorado 57 21
Kentucky 71 Notre Dame 63 8
Louisville 65 Tennessee 62 3
Oklahoma State 72 Texas 66 6
Purdue 76 Michigan State 70 6
Stanford 77 Southern Cal 67 10
Wisconsin 76 Illinois 56 20
a. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the points scored by the winning team.
b. Assume that the points scored by the winning teams for all NCAA games follow a bell-
shaped distribution. Using the mean and standard deviation found in part (a), estimate the
percentage of all NCAA games in which the winning team scores 84 or more points.
Estimate the percentage of NCAA games in which the winning team scores more than 90
points.
c. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the winning margin. Do the data contain
outliers? Explain.
2.12. Annual sales, in millions of dollars, for 21 pharmaceutical companies follow.
8408 1374 1872 8879 2459 11413
608 14138 6452 1850 2818 1356
10498 7478 4019 4341 739 2127
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3653 5794 8305
a. Provide a five-number summary.
b. Compute the lower and upper limits.
c. Do the data contain any outliers?
d. Johnson & Johnson’s sales are the largest on the list at $14,138 million. Suppose a data
entry error (a transposition) had been made and the sales had been entered as $41,138
million. Would the method of detecting outliers in part (c) identify this problem and allow
for correction of the data entry error?
e. Show a box plot.