2301/303
STRUCTURES Q and A
[Link] Stress-Strain Curve
2.A mild steel specimen was tested under tension to destruction from which the following data was
collected:
Gauge length = 195𝑚𝑚
Original diameter = 18𝑚𝑚
Final length = 205𝑚𝑚
Diameter at fracture = 16.5𝑚𝑚
Extension at an early load of 48𝑘𝑁 = 0.05𝑚𝑚
Yield load = 56𝑘𝑁
Maximum load = 190𝑘𝑁
Determine:
(i) Modulus of Elasticity of the material;
(ii) Yield stress;
(iii) Ultimate stress;
(iv) Percentage elongation;
(v) Percentage reduction in the area;
(vi) Working stress with a Factor of Safety of 1.75 applied to the maximum stress. (10marks)
3. The figure below shows a T-section of dimensions 10𝑐𝑚×10𝑐𝑚×2𝑐𝑚. Determine the moment of
inertia of the section about the horizontal and vertical axes passing through the CoG of the section.
Also find the respective radii of gyration and 𝑧𝑦𝑦𝐵 and 𝑧𝑥𝑥𝐹. (10marks)
4.A steel bar 2 m long, 40 mm wide and 20 mm thick is subjected to an axial pull
of 160 kN in the direction of its length. Find the changes in length, width and thickness of the bar.
Take E = 200 GPa and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3
5. A steel rod of varying cross section is subjected to forces as shown below.
Determine the elongation in bar taking E as 200x103 KN/mm2 (10marks)
6.A beam ABCD, 4 m long is overhanging by 1 m and carries load as shown in Fig. 13.32
7.A beam of cross-section shown in figure 1 is simply supported over a span Of 4 m. If the bending
stress is limited to 165 N/mm2.
(a) determine the maximum uniformly distributed load the beam can carry about the X-X
axis.
(8 marks)
(b) (i) calculate the horizontal shear stresses at the critical points;
(ii) sketch, the shear stress distribution diagram indicating all the critical values.
(12 marks)
d
[Link] truss ABC shown in Fig. 12.3 has a span of 5 metres. It is carrying a
load of 10 kN at its apex
9.A cast iron beam of I-section is shown in the figure below. The beam is simply supported on a span
of 5𝑚. If the tensile stress is not to exceed 20𝑁/𝑚𝑚2, find the safe uniformly distributed load
which the beam can carry. Find also, the maximum compressive stress.
10. The shear force acting on a beam at an I-section with unequal flanges is 50𝑘𝑁. The section is
shown in the figure below. The moment of inertia of the section about the N.A is 2.849 ×
108𝑚𝑚4. Calculate the shear stress at the N.A and also sketch the shear stress distribution
diagram over the depth of the entire section. (20MKS)
11. A simply supported rectangular beam of 7 m span carries characteristic dead (including self-weight of beam),
gk, and imposed, qk, loads of 12 kNm−1 and 8 kNm−1 respectively (Fig. 3.19). The beam dimensions are breadth, b,
275 mm and effective depth, d, 450 mm. Design the beam, assuming the following material strengths,
(20mks)
12. Analyze the beam in the figure below and determine its support reactions, hence draw its Shear
Force and Bending Moment diagrams. Indicate all the important points.
(20mks)
13. An internal column in a braced two-storey building supporting an approximately symmetrical
arrangement of beams (350 mm wide × 600 mm deep) results in characteristic dead and imposed
loads each of 1100 kN being applied to the column. The column is 350 mm square and has a clear
height of 4.5 m as shown below. Design the longitudinal reinforcement and links assuming fcu = 40
Nmm−2 and fy = 500 Nmm−2
(10mks)
14. Using the method of joint resolution, determine the magnitude and nature of forces in each
member of the truss shown below. (20mks)
15. A reinforced concrete beam which is 300 mm wide and 600 mm deep is required to span 6.0 m
between the centers of supporting piers 300 mm wide as shown below. The beam carries dead and
imposed loads of 25 KN/m and 19 KN/m respectively. Assuming fcu = 30 Nmm−2, fy = 500 N/mm2 and the
exposure class is mild condition, design the beam.
(20mks)
16. A reinforced concrete floor subject to an imposed load of 4 kNm−2 spans between brick walls
as shown below. Design the floor for exposure class XC1 assuming the following material
strengths: (20mks)
17.A concrete floor reinforced with 10 mm diameter mild steel bars (fy = 250 N/mm2) at 125 mm
centres (As = 628 mm2per metre width of slab) between brick walls as shown in Fig. 3.61.
Calculate the maximum uniformly distributed imposed load the floor can carry.
18. A 400 mm square column carries a dead load (Gk) of 1050 kN and imposed load (Qk) of 300
kN. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 170 kNm−2. Design a square pad footing to resist the
loads assuming the following material strengths:
(20mks)