MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1 - MODULE 1
GENERATING PATTERNS
Prepared By: John Nichole L. Sta. Rita
A PATTERN may be
defined as a sequence
that repeats.
In mathematics, patterns may be
determined using a rule or a set of
rules. These rules help to solve and
calculate a particular math
problem.
Pattern Example (using numbers):
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ___
Rule: Add 2 to the previous number.
Next number: 12
Mathematical patterns
may be classified as
letters, numbers, and even
shapes.
A SEQUENCE is a series of
numbers that follows a repetitive
sequence / pattern. Each number,
letter, or symbol in a sequence is
called TERM.
Each number in a sequence is
called a term.
Example:
5, 15, 25, 35, 45.
Each number in a sequence is
called a term.
Example:
5, 15, 25, 35, 45.
1st
2nd 3rd 4th 5th
In mathematics, sequence is a
function whose domain is a
finite set (1, 2, 3, ..., n) or an
infinite set (1, 2, 3, ...)
The general term or the nth
term of a sequence is used to
determine the terms of a
sequence.
Let’s have the first example.
Find the first 3 terms of the
sequence whose nth term is given
by an = 2n + 7.
Solution:
To find the first 3 terms, substitute
n = 1, 2, and 3 to an = 2n + 7.
Therefore, the first 3 terms
of an = 2n + 7 are 9, 11, and 13.
Let’s have the second example.
Find the first 5 terms of the
sequence whose nth term is given
by an = 4n - 3.
To find the first 5 terms,
substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
to an = 4n - 3.
Therefore, the first 5
terms of an = 4n - 3 are
1, 5, 9, 13, and 17.
1. Liam is observing a type of crystal that
grows steadily. The crystal is currently 6
millimeters tall. It grows by three
millimeters every week. He was assigned
to list the height of the crystal over the
next six weeks.
Therefore, the height of the
crystal over the next 6
weeks/terms of an = 3n + 6 are
9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24.
2. Sofia is tracking the length of a candle as
it burns. It shortens by 2 centimeters every
hour and the candle is currently 30
centimeters tall. She was assigned to list
the height of the candle over the next 5
hours.
Therefore, the height of the
candle over the next 5
hours/terms of an = 2n - 30 are
-28, -26, -24, -22, and -20.
3. Ethan is recording the temperature in a
greenhouse each day at noon. On Monday,
the temperature is 20°C. The temperature
increases by 2°C each day. He was asked to
list the temperature at noon for the next
five days.
Therefore, the list of the
temperature at noon for the next
5 days/terms of an = 2n + 20 are
22, 24, 26, 28, and 30.
4. Noah is studying bacteria growth in a
lab. At the start, there are 500 bacteria in
the sample. Every hour, the population
doubles. He was asked to record the
number of bacteria in the next 4 hours.
Therefore, the number of bacteria
in the next 4 hours/terms of
an = 2n x 500 or an = 500n x 2 are
1,000, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000.
Find the first 4 terms of the
sequence whose nth term
is given by an = -3n + 2.
an = -3n + 2
a1 = -3(1) + 2 a2 = -3(2) + 2
a1 = -3 + 2 a2 = -6 + 2
a1 = -1 a2 = -4
an = -3n + 2
a3 = -3(3) + 2 a4 = -3(4) + 2
a3 = -9 + 2 a4 = -12 + 2
a3 = -7 a4 = -10
Find the first 5 terms of the
sequence whose nth term
is given by an = -5n + 5.
an = -5n + 5
a1 = -5(1) + 5 a2 = -5(2) + 5
a1 = -5 + 5 a2 = -10 + 5
a1 = 0 a2 = -5
an = -5n + 5
a3 = -5(3) + 5 a4 = -5(4) + 5
a3 = -15 + 5 a4 = -20 + 5
a3 = -10 a4 = -15
an = -5n + 5
a5 = -5(5) + 5
a5 = -25 + 5
a5 = -20
The general term or nth term
of a sequence is used to
determine the terms of a
sequence.
What about if the terms of
the sequence are given, how
do we find its nth term?
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
5, 8, 11, 14.
Solution:
First step: Look for a pattern.
5, 8, 11, 14
+3 +3 +3
Solution:
Second step:
Write an = 3n and substitute n = 1.
If n = 1, then a1 = 3(1) is a1 = 3
Solution:
st
What is the 1 term again? 5
What must be added to 3 to get 5 (1 term)? 2
st
What is the nth term of the given sequence?
an = 3n + 2
Solution:
Last step: Substitute other values of
n to an = 3n + 2
If n = 2, then a2 = 3(2) + 2 = 8
If n = 3, then a3 = 3(3) + 2 = 11
If n = 4, then a4 = 3(4) + 2 = 14
an = 3n + 2
a2 = 3(2) + 2 a3 = 3(3) + 2
a2 = 6 + 2 a3 = 9 + 2
a2 = 8 a3 = 11
an = 3n + 2
a4 = 3(4) + 2
a4 = 12 + 2
a4 = 14
Conclusion:
Therefore, the nth term of the
sequence is an = 3n + 2.
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
1, 8, 15, 22.
Solution:
First step: Look for a pattern.
1, 8, 15, 22
+7 +7 +7
Solution:
Second step:
Write an = 7n and substitute n = 1.
If n = 1, then a1 = 7(1) is a1 = 7.
Solution:
st
What is the 1 term again? 1
What must be added to 7 to get 1 (1 term)?-6
st
What is the nth term of the given sequence?
an = 7n - 6
Solution:
Last step: Substitute other values of
n to an = 7n - 6
If n = 2, then a2 = 7(2) - 6 = 8
If n = 3, then a3 = 7(3) - 6 = 15
If n = 4, then a4 = 7(4) - 6 = 22
Conclusion:
Therefore, the nth term of the
sequence is an = 7n - 6.