2-MARK QUESTIONS — WITH ANSWERS

1. Organizational Behaviour (OB):

OB is the study of human behaviour in organizations and how individuals and
groups act at work.

2. Perception:
Perception is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret
information to understand the environment.

3. Personality:
Personality refers to the total of physical, mental, and emotional traits of a
person.

4. Motivation:
Motivation is the force that drives a person to act towards achieving goals.

5. Leadership:
Leadership is the ability to influence others to achieve organizational goals.

6. Communication:
Communication is the process of transferring information from sender to
receiver.

7. Group Dynamics:
Group dynamics refers to the behaviour and interactions among members of a
group.

8. Conflict:
Conflict is a disagreement between two or more individuals or groups.

9. Stress:
Stress is a state of mental or emotional pressure.

10. Organizational Culture:

It is the shared values, beliefs, and traditions followed in an organization.

11. Emotional Intelligence (EI):

EI is the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions and others’
emotions.

12. Job Satisfaction:

Job satisfaction is the level of happiness an employee feels about their job.

13. Attitude:
Attitude is a person’s feeling or opinion toward something.
 14. Power:
Power is the ability to influence others’ behaviour.

15. Organizational Change:

Organizational change means modifying structure, policy, or work methods in an
organization.

5-MARK QUESTIONS — WITH ANSWERS

1. Nature and Scope of OB

 OB is interdisciplinary (psychology, sociology, management)

 It is scientific

 It focuses on individual, group, and organizational behaviour

 Helps in improving productivity, leadership, and motivation

2. Determinants of Personality

 Biological factors – heredity, brain

 Environmental factors – culture, family

 Situational factors – job, experience

3. Factors A ecting Perception

 Perceiver’s attitude

 Past experiences

 Motivation

 Situational factors

 Target characteristics
4. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory

1. Physiological needs

2. Safety needs

3. Social needs

4. Esteem needs

5. Self-actualization

Needs move from lower to higher level.

5. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

 Hygiene factors: Salary, job security, policies

 Motivators: Achievement, recognition, growth

Hygiene prevents dissatisfaction, motivators create satisfaction.

6. Leadership Styles

 Autocratic: Leader takes all decisions

 Democratic: Group participation

 Laissez-faire: Full freedom to employees

7. Barriers to Communication

 Physical barrier

 Language barrier

 Psychological barrier

 Organizational barrier

8. Types of Motivation

 Intrinsic: From within

 Extrinsic: Salary, rewards, promotion

9. Causes of Stress

 Work overload

 Job insecurity

 Poor relationships

 Time pressure

10. Stages of Group Development (Tuckman Model)

1. Forming

2. Storming

3. Norming

4. Performing

5. Adjourning

11. Types of Conflict

 Intrapersonal

 Interpersonal

 Inter-group

12. Importance of Emotional Intelligence

 Better leadership

 Better decision making

 Controls emotions

 Improves teamwork

13. Power and Politics

 Power is the ability to influence

 Politics means using power for personal benefit

14. Determinants of Job Satisfaction

 Salary

 Work conditions

 Promotion

 Job security

 Relationships

15. Resistance to Change

 Fear of job loss

 Lack of trust

 Poor communication

 Habit

10-MARK QUESTIONS — FULL DETAILED ANSWERS

1. Define OB and Explain Its Nature and Scope

Definition:
Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of how individuals and groups behave in an
organization.

Nature:

 Scientific

 Human-oriented

 Goal-oriented

 Interdisciplinary

 Dynamic
Scope:

 Individual behaviour

 Group behaviour

 Leadership

 Motivation

 Communication

 Change management

2. Theories of Motivation

(i) Maslow’s Theory

Five levels of needs from basic to self-growth.

(ii) Herzberg’s Theory

 Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction

 Motivators increase satisfaction

3. Leadership Styles and Theories

Leadership Styles:

 Autocratic

 Democratic

 Free-rein

Leadership Theories:

 Trait Theory

 Behavioral Theory

 Contingency Theory

4. Communication Process with Barriers

Process:
Sender → Encoding → Message → Channel → Receiver → Decoding → Feedback
Barriers:

 Physical

 Psychological

 Semantic

 Organizational

5. Group Dynamics and Stages

Group dynamics means how group members interact.

Stages:
Forming → Storming → Norming → Performing → Adjourning

6. Organizational Culture and Its Importance

Culture includes values, beliefs, behavior patterns.

Importance:

 Builds discipline

 Improves performance

 Creates brand identity

 Guides employee behaviour

7. Stress: Causes, E ects & Management

Causes:

 Workload

 Pressure

 Poor work environment

E ects:

 Health problems

 Low performance

 Mental tension
Management:

 Meditation

 Time management

 Counseling

 Exercise

8. Conflict and Conflict Management

Types:

 Personal

 Interpersonal

 Group conflict

Management Techniques:

 Avoidance

 Compromise

 Collaboration

 Accommodation

9. Lewin’s Change Management Model

1. Unfreezing: Prepare for change

2. Changing: Actual implementation

3. Refreezing: Make change permanent

10. Personality Development & Impact

Factors:

 Heredity

 Environment

 Situation

Impact:
 Increases confidence

 Improves leadership

 Enhances communication

 Boosts performance