BATO INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Dolho, Bato, Leyte
INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
IS 11 – SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
UNIT 2: INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE SYSTEM ANALYST
Module Overview
Organizations rely on information systems to support daily operations, management decision-making,
and strategic planning. The system analyst plays a critical role in analyzing organizational needs,
designing appropriate systems, and guiding change to improve efficiency and effectiveness. This unit
introduces the major types of information systems and explains the role of the system analyst,
emphasizing their function as an agent of organizational change.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this unit, students should be able to:
Identify the major types of information systems used in organizations
Explain the role and need of a system analyst
Describe the responsibilities and required competencies of a system analyst
Explain how a system analyst functions as an agent of organizational change
Lesson 1: Information Systems
What is an Information System?
An information system (IS) is a combination of people, processes, data, and technology that work
together to collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision-making and control
in an organization.
Major Types of Information Systems
1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Supports routine, day-to-day business transactions
Handles large volumes of data accurately and efficiently
Examples: enrollment systems, payroll systems, point-of-sale systems
Users: operational staff and clerks
2. Office Automation System (OAS)
Supports office and administrative tasks
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Improves productivity and communication
Examples: word processors, email systems, spreadsheets, document management systems
Users: clerical staff, professionals, and managers
3. Management Information System (MIS)
Provides summarized reports based on data from TPS
Supports planning, monitoring, and control
Examples: monthly sales reports, attendance summaries
Users: middle management
4. Decision Support System (DSS)
Assists in semi-structured and complex decision-making
Uses analytical models and simulations
Examples: forecasting tools, “what-if” analysis systems
Users: managers and decision-makers
5. Executive Support System (ESS)
Supports strategic-level decisions
Presents information in dashboards and visual summaries
Examples: performance dashboards, trend analysis tools
Users: top executives
Lesson 2: Role and Need of a System Analyst
Who is a System Analyst?
A system analyst is a professional who studies an organization’s existing systems and processes,
identifies problems or opportunities, and designs information system solutions that meet
organizational needs.
Why Organizations Need a System Analyst
Organizations need system analysts to:
Understand business problems and user requirements
Bridge the gap between users and technical developers
Ensure systems are efficient, effective, and aligned with organizational goals
Reduce system failures and costly redesigns
Key Responsibilities of a System Analyst
Gathering and analyzing user requirements
Studying existing systems and workflows
Designing system models and specifications
Coordinating with programmers and stakeholders
Testing and validating system solutions
Assisting in system implementation and training
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Lesson 3: System Analyst as an Agent of Change
System Analyst as an Agent of Change
A system analyst is not only a technical expert but also an agent of organizational change. This means
the analyst helps organizations transition from old processes to improved systems.
How a System Analyst Drives Change
Identifies inefficient or outdated processes
Proposes new systems or improvements
Encourages acceptance of new technologies
Helps manage resistance to change
Ensures smooth transition during system implementation
Required Competencies of a System Analyst
A successful system analyst must possess:
Technical skills – understanding systems, databases, and software
Analytical skills – problem-solving and logical thinking
Communication skills – interviewing users and presenting solutions
Interpersonal skills – teamwork and conflict management
Adaptability – handling organizational and technological change
Learning Summary
Information systems support operations, management, and strategic decision-making.
The system analyst plays a key role in analyzing needs and designing solutions.
As an agent of change, the system analyst helps organizations adapt to new systems and
improved processes.
Check Your Understanding (Discussion / Reflection)
1. Why is a system analyst important in an organization?
2. How do TPS and MIS differ in terms of users and purpose?
3. In what ways can a system analyst reduce resistance to change during system implementation?
References
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2022). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Firm (17th ed.). Pearson Education.
Satzinger, J. W., Jackson, R. B., & Burd, S. D. (2020). Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing
World (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Roth, R. M. (2021). Systems Analysis and Design (8th ed.). Wiley.
Stair, R. M., & Reynolds, G. W. (2020). Principles of Information Systems (14th ed.). Cengage
Learning.
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O’Brien, J. A., & Marakas, G. M. (2019). Introduction to Information Systems (16th ed.). McGraw-
Hill Education.
Kendall, K. E., & Kendall, J. E. (2019). Systems Analysis and Design (10th ed.). Pearson Education.
Prepared by:
MARY JANE PAGAY-CIERVA, LPT, MSIT
Instructor
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