(b) damped harmonic oscillator

(c) amharmonic oscillator

(d) system with mbounded motion.
27. The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m is
" 2  2  2 #
m dx dy dz V
x2 + y 2 + Wsin ωt


L= + + −
2 dt dt dt 2
where V, W and ω are constants, then conserved quantities are
(a) energy and z -component of linear momentum
(a) energy and z -component of linear momentum
(b) energy and z -component of angular momentum
(c) z-component of both linear and angular momentum
(d) energy and z -component of both angular and linear momentum.
28. The Lagrangian of a simple pendulum of length l ( assuming equilibrium
position of bob as reference level for zero potential energy) is
(a) 12 ml2 θ̇2 − mgl cos θ (b) 12 ml2 θ̇2 + mgl cos θ
(c) 12 ml2 θ̇2 − mgl(1 − cos θ)
(d) 21 ml2 θ̇2 + mgl(1 − cos θ).
29. The Lagrangian
 of a spherical pendulum of length l is
(a) 2 ml θ̇ + sin θϕ̇2 − mgl cos θ
1 2 2 2

(b) 12 ml2 θ̇2 − mgl cos θ

(c) 12 ml2 sin 2 2
 θϕ̇ − mglcos θ
(d) 12 ml2 θ̇2 + sin2 θϕ̇2 + mgl cos θ.
30. A particle of mass m is constrained to move in a vertical plane along
a trajectory given by x = A cos θ, y = A sin θ, where A is a constant. The
equation of motion of the particle is
(a) θ̈ + Ag cos θ = 0
(c) θ̈ = 0
(b) θ̈ + Ag sin θ = 0
(d) θ̈ − Ag sin θ = 0
31. In a spherical pendulum, a small bob of mass m is constrained to move on
a smooth spherical surface, say  of radius R
(a) the Lagrangian is 12 mk2 θ̇2 + ϕ̇2 sin2 θ + mgR cos θ
(b) one of the equation of motion is θ̈ − 21 sin 2θϕ̇ + Rg sin θ = 0
(c) one of the equation of motion is mR2 sin2 θϕ̇ = constant
(d) one of the equation of motion is mR2 cos2 θϕ̇2 = constant.
32. The Lagrangian of a compound pendulum is
(a) 12 I θ̇2 − mgl cos θ
(b) 12 I θ̇2 + mgl cos θ
(b) 12 mA2 θ̇2 − mgA sin θ

1
(d) 12 mA2 θ̇2 + mgA cos θ

moves in a potential V (x) = 12 mω 2 x2 + 21 mµv 2 , where x

(7) of of the particle is
(b) p = mv
(a) p = m(1 + µ)v
(d) p = (1 − µ)mv
(c) p = mµv  
Finits T = 12 mv 2 The Lagranglian of a 2 = 12 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 − V (r). The
generalised momenta corresonding to r and θ are given by
(c) mṙ2 and mr2 (d) mṙ2 and mr2 θ̇2

The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m moving in a plane give

1
m vx2 + vy2 + a (xvy − yvx )


L=
2
ridere, vx and vy are velocity components and a is constant. The canonical
momenta of the particle are given by
(a) px = mvx and py = mvy
(b) px = mvx + ay and py = mvy + ax
(c) px = mvx − ay and py = mvy + ax
(d) px = mvx − ay and py = mvy − ax
The Lagrangian for the Kepler problem is given by
1h 2 i µ
L= ṙ + r2 θ̇2 + ; µ > 0
2 r
vhere (r, θ) denotes the polar co-ordinates and mass of the particle is unity,
then (a) pp = 2r2 θ̇
(b) pr = 2ṙ
(c) the angular momentum of the particle about the centre of attraction is a
thistant
(d) the total energy of the particle is time-dependent
16) harmonic oscillator
9. The Lagrangian of a system is given by L = 21 q̇ 2 + q q̇ − 12 q 2 .It describes
motion of
(a) harmonic oscillator
(c) anharmonic oscillator
(b) damped harmonic oscillator
(d) system with unbound motion.
4. For the Lagrangian L = 12 q̇ 2 − q q̇ + q 2 , then conjugate momentum p is
(a) q q̇ (b) q̇ + q (c) q̇ − q (d) − q̇ + q
(a) q q̇
(c) q̇ − q
(d) −q̇ + q

2
5. If ϕ is a cyclic co-ordinate, then
(a) ∂L
∂ϕ = 0
(b) ∂L ∂ ϕ̇
=0
(c) ∂ ϕ̇ = 0
∂ L̇

(d) ∂∂ϕL̇ = 0.
6. If the Lagrangian of a conservative system does not contain time explicitly,
then
(a) T − V = constant
(b) T + V = constant
(c) T = 0
(d) V = 0
7. The Lagrangian for a charged particle in an electromagnetic eld is
(a) L = T + qϕ + q(⃗v · A) ⃗ .
(b) L = T − qϕ − q(⃗v · A) ⃗ .
(c) L = T − qϕ + q(ṽ · Ã).
(d) L = T + qϕ − q(⃗v · A) ⃗
where T = the kinetic energy, ϕ, A⃗ are magnetic scalar and vector potentials.
8. For the system described by the Lagrangian L = q̇12 + q̇22 + q̇1 q̇2 − q12 − q22
which one of the following statements is not true?
(a) p1 + p2 = 3 (q̇1 + q̇2 )
(b) ṗ1 + ṗ2 = −2 (q1 + q2 )
(c) ṗṗ21 = qq12
(d) (q1 + q2 ) executes simple harmonic motion.
9. The homogeneity of time leads to the law of conservation of
(a) linear momentum
(b) angular momentum
(c) energy
(d) parity.
10. The condition for a conservative force is
(a) F⃗ = −∇ ⃗ ·V
⃗
(b) F = −∇ × V⃗
⃗ ⃗
(c) F⃗ = ∇V ⃗
(d) None of these.
11. Which is not explicit function of time?
(a) Velocity
(b) acceleration
(c) potential energy
(d) momentum.
12. A Lagrangian for a system with two degrees of freedom, L = q̇12 + q̇22 + q̇1 q̇2 −
q12 − q22 yields the Lagrange's equation Ẍ + 2X = 0 and Ÿ + Ky = 0, where
X = q1 + q2 and Y = q1 − q2 . The value of K is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 2/3

3
(d) None of these.
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) -1
(d) -2 .
14. The Lagrangian of a free particle in spherical polar co-ordinates is given by
The quantity that conserved is
(a) ∂L
∂ ṙ
(b) ∂L
∂ θ̇
(c) ∂L
∂ ϕ̇
(d) ∂L
∂ ϕ̇
+ ṙθ̇.
15. The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m moving in one dimension is

, where α and k are constants.

2
−kx2 )
L = eαt( 2 M ẋ
1

The equation of motion of the particle is

(a) ẍ + αẋ = 0
(b) ẍ + mk ẋ = 0
(c) ẍ − αẋ + mk ẋ = 0
(d) ẍ + αẋ + mk ẋ = 0.
16. A particle of mass m moves on a plane in the eld of force given by F⃗ =
−kr cos θr̂, where k is a constant and r̂ is the radial unit vector, then
(a) mṙ2 = constant
(b) mr2 θ̇ = constant
(c) mrθ̇ = constant
(d) mθ̇ = constant
17. Equation of motion of a free particle of mass m constrained to move on
x − y plane along the line x + y = 2 is ( λ is the Lagrange multiplier)
(a) ẍ = 0 and ÿ = 0
(b) ẍ = λ and ÿ = λ
(c) ẍ = λ and ÿ = −λ
(d) ẍ = −λ and ÿ = λ
18. A particle moves under the inuence of gravity on the inner surface of the
x2 + y 2 = az, if mass of  the particle is m, then the Lagrangian is
(a) L = 2 m ṙ + r θ̇ − mgz
1 2 2 2
 
(b) L = 12 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 + mgz
(c) L = 12 mṙ2 − mgz
(d) L = 12 mṙ2 + mgz .
19. Consider a planet of mass m orbiting around the sun under the inverse
square law of attraction µm r 2 , µ > 0. If the position of the planet at time t is
given by polar
 co-ordinates
 (r, θ), then the Lagrangian of the system is
(a) L = 2 m ṙ + r θ̇ − r
1 2 2 2 µm
 
(b) L = 12 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 + µm
r

4
  
(c) L = 12 m ṙ2 + θ̇2 − µm
r
 
(d) L = 12 m ṙ2 + θ̇2 + µm r .
20. Lagrangian
 of a system
 of two particles are given to be L = 2 (m1 + m2 ) ẋ +
1 2

2 m2 l ϕ̇ + 2lẋϕ̇ cos ϕ + m2 gl cos ϕ. The constant of motion is

1 2 2

(a) (m1 + m2 ) ẋ + m2 lϕ̇ cos ϕ

(b) (m1 + m2 ) ẋ + m2 lẋ cos ϕ
(c) m2 l2 ϕ̇ + m2 lẋ cos ϕ
(d) m2 gl cos ϕ.
21. A particle of mass m is constrained to move in a vertical plane along
a trajectory given by x = A cos θ, y = A sin θ, where A is a constant. The
Lagrangian
 of the 
(c) 2 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 + I θ̇2 − mgl cos θ
1
 
(d) 12 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 + I I˙2 + mgl cos 0.
33. Tet a particle is moving under a centralforce, then
(a) the kinetic energy of the particle is 12 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 .
(b) the potential energy ofthe particle  is − r .
k

(c) The Lagrangian is 12 m ṙ2 + r2 θ̇2 + kr .

(d) The equation of motion of the particle is
k
mr̈ − mrθ̇2 + = 0; 2mrr̈θ̇ + mr2 θ̈ = 0.
r2
34. The Lagrangian of the Sun-Earth system is L = 21 mṙ2 + 12 mr2 θ̇2 − GMr m ,
then
(a) pr = mṙ
(b) pr is a constant of motion
(c) pθ = mr2 θ̇
(d) pθ is a constant of motion.
35. A particle of unit mass is moving under gravitational eld, along the
cycloid x = ϕ − sin ϕ, y = 1 + cos ϕ. Then the Lagrangian for the motion
is
(a) ϕ̇2 (1 + cos ϕ) − g(1 − cos ϕ)
(b) ϕ̇2 (1 − cos ϕ) − g(1 + cos ϕ)
(c) ϕ̇2 (1 − cos ϕ) − g(1 + cos ϕ)
(d) 2ϕ̇2 (1 − cos ϕ) − g(1 + cos ϕ)
36. A bead slides on a smooth rod which is rotating about one end in a vertical
plane with uniform angular velocity ω . If g denotes the acceleration due
to gravity, then the Lagrange equation of motion is
(a) r̈ = rω 2 − g sin ωt
(b) r̈ = rω 2 − g cos ωt
(c) r̈ = −g sin ωt
(d) r̈ = −g cos ωt.

5
 37. The Lagrangian of a particle movingh in a plane i under the inuence of
central potential is given by L = 2 m ṙ − r θ̇ − V (r). The generalised
1 2 2 2

momenta corresponding to the generalised co-ordinates r and θ are given

by
(a) mṙ and mr2 θ̇
(c) mṙ2 and mr2 θ̇
(b) mṙ and mrθ̇
(d) mṙ2 and mr2 θ̇2
38. The Lagrangian of a system is given to be,
h i
The quantity which L = 12 α ẋ2 + ẏ 2 + 12 β ϕ̇21 + ϕ̇22 − mgy sin Ω.
 

(a) αẋ (b) not constant of motion is

39.
(b) αẏ
(c) β ϕ̇1
(d) β ϕ̇2 .
Let L, denote the Lagrangian of a system. Then, the
(a) Lagrange's equations are second order dierential equations
(b) Total number of equations is equal to the number of gerteralised a ordinates.
(c) Lagrangian L is not unique in its functional form but the form of
(d) Lagrangian function is a quadratic function of generalised velocity when the
potential exists.
40. If a particle moves outwards in a plane along a curved trajectory described
by r = aθ, θ = ωt, where a and ω are constants, then its
(a) kinetic energy is conserved
(b) angular momentum is conserved
(c) total momentum is conserved
(d) radial momentum is conserved.
41. A particle of mass m is constrained to move on the plane curve xy = c(c > 0)
under gravity  ( y2-axis
 vertical). The Lagrangian of the particle is given by
(a) 2 mẋ 1 + x4 + x
1 2 c mgc
 
(b) 12 mẋ2 1 + xc 4 − mgc
2

x
(c) 12 mẋ2 1 + xc2
+ mgc
x .

(d) 2 mẋ 1 + x2 − x .
1 2 c mgc

42. If Lagrangian does not depend on time explicitly, then the corresponding
conserved quantity is:
(a) linear momentum
(b) generalised momentum
(c) angular momentum
(d) mechanical energy
43. If a co-ordinate does not appear in the Lagrangian, then the corresponding
conserved quantity is:
(a) linear momentum

6
(b) generalised momentum
(c) angular momentum
(d) mechanical energy
44. If a co-ordinate does not appear in Lagrangian, then it is called:
(a) cyclic
(b) non-cyclic
(c) free
(d) holonomic
45. A mass m is connected on either side with a spring each of spring constants
k1 and k2 (Fig. 4.31). The free ends of springs are tied to rigid supports. The
dir

Figure 4.31: A mass connected on either side with a spring placement of the
mass is x from equilibrium position.
√ Which one of the follow wite is true?
ef force acting on the mass is k1 k2 x
phe anguthe momentum of the mass is zero about the equilibrium point and

the lastangian
of two coupled oscillations of mass m each is L = 12 ẋ21 + ẋ22 −

ln2 ẋ20 x21 + x22 = mω02 µx1 x2 . The equations of motion are
a) ẍ1 + ω02 x1 = ω02 µx1 , ẍ2 + ω02 x2 = ω02 µx2
b) ẍ1 + ω02 x1 = ω02 µx2 , ẍ2 + ω02 x2 = ω02 µx1
() x̄1 + ω02 x1 = ω02 µx1 , ẍ2 + ω02 x2 = −ω02 µx2
d) ẍ1 + ω02 x1 = −ω02 µx1 , ẍ2 + ω02 x2 = ω02 µx1
The Lagrangian of a system with one degree of freedom q is given by L =
aq̇ 2 + bq 2 , difere a and b are non-zero constants. If pq denotes the canonical
momentum pojugate to q then which one of the following statement is correct?
8) pq = 2bq and it is a conserved quantity
b) pq = −2bq and it is a conserved quantity
d) Pq = −2aq and it is a conserved quantity
d) pq = 2aq and it is a conserved quantity
The Lagrange's equation for LC current is:
(a) L ddt2q − Cq = 0
2

(b) L ddt2q − Cq = 0
2

(c) LC ddt2q + Cq = 0
2

(d) L ddt2q + Cq = 0
2

[Objective Type Questions]

rite the Lagrange's equation in presence of non-conservative forces.

"up the Lagrangian for a one dimensional harmonic oscillator and write La"mpe'sequations.
Ans:
the bength of a simple pendulum changes with time such that l = a + bt, where