Module 1, Lesson 2: Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT

"I think we need to be careful not to get too specific (i.e. technology = computers) while at the same time not getting
so broad that our definition of technology includes everything from pencil and paper to lasers and computers. I'd like
to see us define technology in a manner that looks at electronic tools we use to enhance teaching and learning."
Sally, grade teacher from Joy Egbert (2009).

Lesson Outcomes
1. Defined conceptually or operationally terms that are basic to the understanding of ICT
2. Used the concepts and terms in communicating with peers for understanding

Which word are you familiar with? Mark the word with an X. How many have you identified? Compare your
performance with your classmate.

Explore
Let us explore various resources to have a clear understanding of this lesson. Let us unpack some concepts and
terms related to technology for teaching and learning. You can further find more explanation in this book as you go
along with your lessons or in other references in the library or in the web.

Here are some terms and concepts that you need to know and understand.
1. Technology refers to a mix of process and product used in the application of knowledge. It includes tools
from pencil and paper to the latest electronic gadgets and tools for practical tasks.
2. Information and Communication Technology Literacy or ICT Literacy is the use of digital technology,
communication tools and/or networks to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate
information in order to function in a knowledge society (Guro 21, 2011).
3. Educational Technology refers to the use of technology in teaching and learning. Educational technology
includes both the non-digital (flip charts, pictures, models, realias, etc.) and digital (electronic tools:
hardware, software and connections, etc.).
4. Digital Literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share and create contents using information
technologies and the Internet (Cornell University). According to American Library Association (2018), digital
literacy is the ability to use information and communication, requiring both cognitive and technical skills
(hptts:// [Link]. downloaded 06- 03-18).
5. Digital learning is any type of learning that is accompanied by technology or by instructional practice that
makes effective use of technology. It encompasses the application of a wide spectrum of practices which
included blended or virtual learning. It can come as online or off-line which utilizes digital technology.
6. On-line digital tools and apps use an Internet connection to access the information needed. A common
example is Skype. It is a telecommunication application software product that specializes in providing video
chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices via Internet and to regular telephones.
7. Off-line digital tools and apps can still be used even if there is no internet access. Among these are
Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone, ibooks, KA LITE (Gupta, Prinyaka, 2017) downloaded in edtech review
(July 03, 2017).
8. Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and
evaluation of the processes and resources for learning (Association for Educational Communications and
Technology, Seels, B.B. & Richey, P. C. 1994).
9. Software refers to program control instructions and accompanying documentation; stored on disks or tapes
when not being used in the computer. By extension, the term refers to any audiovisual materials (Smaldino,
2005).
10. Multimedia is a sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of medi formats in a given presentation or self-
study program (Smaldino, 2005).
11. Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. connects millions of computers
together globally, forming a network which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long
as they are connected to the Internet. It is generally defined as a globa network connecting millions of
computers ([Link]
12. World Wide Web (www) is also called the Web which is a graphic environment on computer networks that
allows you to access, view and maintain documentations that can include text, data, sound and videos
(Smaldino, 2005). It is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information
sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.
13. Web access is the ability of the learner to access the Internet at any poin during the lesson in order to take
advantage of the array of available education resources.
14. Webquest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or al information that learners work with
comes from the web. These c be created using various programs, including simple word processing
documents that include links to websites.
15. Productivity tools refer to any type of software associated wi computers and related technologies that can
be used as tools for personal professional or classroom productivity. Examples: Microsoft Office Apple
works word processing, grade and record keeping, web page production, presentation) (KFIT-UNESCO
2016)
16. Technology Tool is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that help you accomplish your
goal with the use of technology. These technology tools can be classified as:
a) Data/Calculation tools. Examples: spreadsheets, Excel Sketchpads, probability constructor
b) Design tools. These are used to make models and designs creating and building. Included here are
Family Tree Make GollyGee, and Crazy Machines among others.
c) Discussion tools. There are 4 different approaches tha utilize discussion and interaction in the
Internet. These ar threaded discussion forum, Blogging. Live chat and Vide Teleconferencing,
Netiquette and Safety on the Net.
d) Email tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending messages, photographs, videos and
other files. It allows you to reach out to others around the world. Examples are google mail, Ymail,
Yahoo mail and many more.
e) Handheld devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners. These include
Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning system, (GPS) and geographic information system
(GIS) in the classroom, Portable electronic keyboards, Digital Cameras, Mobile phones, Palm,
Handheld computers,
17. Webquest is a teacher structured research experience for the students that is primarily based on use of the
World Wide Web and typically takes one or more instructional periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).
18. Blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and students are arranged. There are
three kinds of blogs: blogs used for communication, blogs used for instruction, and blogs used for both
(Ferriter & Garry, 2010).
19. Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to collaboratively create and post
written work or digital files, such as digital photos or videos. Wikipedia is one of the most widely recognized
of all the wikis (Watters, 2011).
20. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is required to use the web
resources as homework or out of class activity as initial instruction of the lesson which will be discussed
during class time.
21. Podcast is a video or audio multi-media clip about a single topic typically in the format of the radio talk
show. The two basic functions of podcast are to retrieve information and to disseminate information (Eash,
2006).
22. Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server and is available for
students both at home and in school. It includes the gmail, a free-email for all; Google calendar used for
organizational purposes; Google sites that provide options for a tool developing blogs and wikis; and Google
docs is used for sophisticated word processing and editing of the document.
23. Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a video instead of the text.
24. Facebook is a popular social networking site used by students and adults worldwide to present information
on themselves and to the world.
25. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the
Internet as transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP rather than
traditional circuit transmission.