Intro:

Chart Name(s) Verb(s) Noun Data Object Countries Time

Nations

The line/ bar/ illustrate a comparison of figures for (in/ across)

pie chart
present changes in data relating to
The diagram
show the figure for the proportion of various throughout the period
The graph
the number of several over the period (of No years)
The table
give information the percentage of different from A to B
about
provide A, B and C between A and B

compare NBA
Overview:

 A static chart only shows data within one single time period.

 Hightlight: Highest, Lowest, special

 A dynamic chart shows comparison, changes, or trends in the data across two or more time periods.

 Hightlight: Highest, Lowest, special

 Trend : Increase, Decrese, Fluctuate, Stabilize

General

It is clear that there were significant changes in the amounts of OBJ shown on the graph. Also, while A saw DATA fall throughout the
period shown, the amount of DATA C increased considerably.

Overall, A accounted for the largest proportion of OBJ in Time, while B made up the smallest share. Another noticeable trend is that the
school reduced spending on salaries and resources but increased the proportion allocated to furniture, equipment and insurance.

Overall, A had the highest number of Obj for most of the period, while the History Museum attracted the fewest people. All three museums
experienced fluctuations.

It is clear that the car is by far for UK commuters the most popular means of transport throughout the period shown. Also, while the
numbers of people who use the car and train increase gradually, the number of bus users falls steadily.
It is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat for the majority of the 57-year period. However, a
considerable rise can be seen in the consumption of

It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10 year period, while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly. The year
2006 marks the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.

It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to see the most dramatic
changes in its elderly population.

It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or agriculture in the two American regions. By contrast, agriculture
accounts for the vast majority of water used worldwide.

It is clear that teachers’ salaries the school’s spending in all three years (1981, 1991 and 2001). By contrast, insurance was the smallest cost
in each year.

It is noticeable that school A had higher proportions of children with all seven educational difficulties in both years. However, while school
A managed to reduce the incidence of most of the problems between 2005 and 2015, school B saw an overall rise in the percentage of
children who were struggling.

It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all five European countries from 1999 to 2004, but sales of Fairtrade bananas only went up in
three out of the five countries. Overall, the UK saw by far the highest levels of spending on the two products.

It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the
leisure/education category has the lowest percentages in the table.
It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for couples, and people with children were more likely to be poor
than those without. Poverty rates were considerably lower among elderly people.

It is clear that calls made via local, fixed lines were the most popular type, in terms of overall usage, throughout the period shown. The
lowest figures on the chart are for mobile calls, but this category also saw the most dramatic increase in user minutes.

It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand response vehicles. By contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far
the lowest figures.

It is clear that global water needs and 2000, and that agriculture rose significantly between 1900 accounted for the largest proportion of
water used. We can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo.
The line graph illustrates changes in the per-capita consumption of four types of meat and poultry—beef, pork, broilers, and turkey—in the
United States from 1955 to 2012.

Overall, beef remained the most popular meat for most of the period, despite a marked decline after its peak. In contrast, broiler consumption
rose significantly and eventually surpassed all other categories. Meanwhile, pork and turkey showed relatively minor fluctuations and
remained less widely consumed throughout the timeline.
In 1955, Americans consumed just under 60 pounds of beef per person, making it the dominant meat at the start of the period. Beef consumption
increased steadily and reached a peak of roughly 90 pounds in the mid-1970s before falling sharply, eventually declining to around 55 pounds by 2012.
Pork, on the other hand, remained much more stable, fluctuating between 40 and 50 pounds without any dramatic upward or downward trend.

The most notable change occurred with broilers. Starting at around 15 pounds in 1955, broiler consumption rose continuously, overtaking pork in the
late 1980s and surpassing beef by the early 2000s. By 2012, it had become the most widely consumed meat, reaching nearly 60 pounds per person.**

Turkey consumption was consistently the lowest throughout the period. Beginning at roughly 5 pounds per capita, it experienced gradual growth, rising
to slightly above 15 pounds by the mid-1990s, before stabilizing.

In summary, the data highlight a major shift in American dietary patterns, with broilers becoming increasingly popular and beef experiencing
a long-term decline, while pork and turkey remained comparatively stable.

Introduction
The (line graph/line chart) illustrates/shows/gives information about (what the graph shows) over the period from (start year) to (end year).

Overview
Overall, (summarize the main trends: increases/decreases/stability/crossing lines).
In addition, (mention another big-picture feature, e.g., the highest/lowest values or major change).

Body Paragraph 1 (First major grouping)

At the beginning of the period, (category A) stood at (value), making it the (highest/lowest). It then (rose/fell/remained stable) to reach (value) by
(year).
Meanwhile, (category B) started at (value) and experienced (a gradual/steady/sharp) (increase/decrease), ending the period at (value).

Body Paragraph 2 (Second major grouping)

In contrast, (category C) showed a (different/opposite) pattern. It (increased/decreased/stayed unchanged) from (value) in (year) to roughly
(value) by (year).
Similarly, (category D) recorded (describe trend), though its figures remained (lower/higher) compared with the other categories.

Closing sentence (optional but useful)

Overall, the graph demonstrates a clear shift in (general pattern) throughout the period.
Cấu trúc IELTS Writing Task 1 cho 5 dạng đầu tiên
The line graph/ bar chart/ … + compares/gives information abouts/ … + thông tin của đề.

Ví dụ:
Intro
 Đề: The chart below gives information on the salaries of secondary teachers in five
countries in 2009.
 → The table compares how much teachers in secondary schools in five different nations
earned in the year 2009.

Mình có thể mở đầu Overview bằng các cụm sau:

 Overall, …
 It is clear that …
Nêu thông tin nổi bật nhất như:

Overview  Cao nhất, thấp nhất: was the highest/lowest, accounted for the highest/lowest
proportion, was the most popular, …
 Tăng mạnh nhất, giảm mạnh nhất: experienced the greatest increase, saw the most
dramatic decrease, …
 Xu hướng khác biệt nhất: ví dụ tất cả tăng trừ X giảm hoặc tất cả tăng nhưng X dao
động, …

Mình có thể mở đầu đoạn Body 1 như sau:

Body 1  Looking first at …
 In + năm, …

Mình có thể mở đầu đoạn Body 2 như sau:

Body 2  Turning to + những đặc điểm còn lại
 In + năm, …
Cấu trúc IELTS Writing Task 1 Process
The diagram … + illustrates/shows … + thông tin của đề.

Intro Ví dụ:

 Đề: The diagram below shows how leather goods are manufactured.
 → The diagram illustrates the production of leather goods.

Mình có thể mở đầu Overview bằng các cụm sau:

 Overall, there are (n) main stages in the process of …, beginning with … and ending with
…
 It is clear that …
Overview Nêu thông tin nổi bật nhất như:

 Có tổng cộng bao nhiêu giai đoạn chính trong quy trình đó.
 Nêu tổng quan giai đoạn đầu + giai đoạn cuối.
 Nếu còn giai đoạn nào rất nổi bật thì mình cũng sẽ đề cập.

Mình có thể mở đầu đoạn Body 1 như sau:

 At the first stage in the process, …
 The process begins when …
Body 1 Sau đó mình có template cho các giai đoạn như sau:

 At the first stage in the process, … . After that, … Next, … Following this,

Mình có thể mở đầu đoạn Body 2 như sau:

Body 2
 Turning to …., … . At the … stage of the process, … Next, … Finally, …

Cấu trúc IELTS Writing Task 1 Map

 The two/three/ … maps… + shows … + thông tin của đề.

Ví dụ
Intro
 Đề: The maps below show an industrial area in the town of Norbiton, and planned future
development of the site.
 → The maps show an industrial zone in a town called Norbiton as it is now and after
refurbishment.

Mình có thể mở đầu Overview bằng các cụm sau:

Overview  Overall, …
 It is clear that …

Tùy vào từng bài, ví dụ quá khứ hay hiện tại hay tương lai mà mình có thể mở đầu đoạn Body 1 như
sau:
Body 1  In + năm, …
 At present, …/ In the present day, … (nếu bài về hiện tại)
 …

Mình có thể mở đầu đoạn Body 2 như sau:

 In + năm
Body 2
 Regarding future plans, … / According to the proposed plans, … (tương lai)
 …
The line graph illustrates the average time required to manufacture automobiles at US factories by four major car companies over an 8-
year period from 1998 to 2005.

The line graph compares the average number of hours required by four major car manufacturers—General Motors, Ford, Toyota, and
Honda—to produce vehicles in their US factories between 1998 and 2005.

The line graph illustrates how many hours, on average, four major car manufacturers—General Motors, Ford, Toyota and Honda—required
to produce a vehicle in their US plants between 1998 and 2005.

Overall, all manufacturers produced cars more quickly over the period, with General Motors showing the most notable improvement in its
production time. Honda had the fastest production lines for most of the period.

Overall, all companies experienced a general decline in production time over the period, indicating improvements in efficiency. Among
them, General Motors consistently took the longest time to manufacture a vehicle, while Honda recorded the shortest production hours in
most of the years.

 experienced the greatest increase, saw the most dramatic decrease, …

Overall, all companies became more efficient over time, as indicated by clear downward trends in production hours. General Motors
consistently recorded the longest manufacturing time, whereas Honda and Toyota maintained the lowest figures throughout most of the
period.

Regarding the two American manufacturers, in 1998, it took GM 32 hours to produce a car, about 4 hours more than Ford. The former
company then saw a steady decline in its production time, ultimately falling to 22 hours over the period. Meanwhile, the number of hours
to make Fords peaked at 31 hours in 2001, before falling by a third to only 21 hours at the end of the timeframe.

As for the remaining companies, in 1998, both Toyota and Honda required approximately 22 hours per vehicle. Thereafter, Toyota's
production time showed fluctuations between 22 and 24 hours, followed by a significant decrease in the last 2 years, ending up at just 20
hours in 2005. Likewise, despite a drop of 2 hours in 1999, Honda's production slowed to reach a high of 24 hours per car in 2002, before
falling back to 20 hours over the final three years.
At the beginning of the period, General Motors spent roughly 32 hours per car, the highest figure shown on the graph. This number gradually fell
throughout the years, reaching about 21 hours in 2005. Ford also started at a relatively high point of around 28 hours in 1998, rising slightly to a peak
of 30 hours in 2000 before steadily decreasing to approximately 22 hours by the end of the timeframe.

By contrast, Toyota and Honda both recorded shorter production times from the outset. Toyota required around 21 hours in 1998 and maintained a
fairly stable pattern, fluctuating minimally before ending at about 20 hours in 2005. Honda followed a similar downward trend, beginning at roughly
20 hours and declining gradually, reaching the lowest figure of all manufacturers at about 19 hours in the final year.

In 1998, General Motors took approximately 32 hours per car, significantly higher than Ford, which needed about 28 hours. Both firms experienced a
steady reduction in production time, although Ford saw a brief rise to 30 hours in 2000 before falling sharply to around 22 hours by 2005. General
Motors followed a more consistent downward path, finishing the period at roughly 21 hours.

Toyota and Honda, by contrast, operated with much lower production hours from the outset. Toyota’s figure stood at about 21 hours in 1998,
fluctuating mildly over the next few years before ending slightly lower at around 20 hours. Honda showed the most notable improvement among the
four companies, decreasing from roughly 20 hours initially to nearly 19 hours in 2005, the lowest number recorded on the graph.

In summary, despite some variations, the overall trend for all four manufacturers was towards faster production. Japanese companies (Toyota and
Honda) consistently outperformed their American counterparts in terms of efficiency.

In summary, although all four carmakers improved their production efficiency, Toyota and Honda consistently maintained faster manufacturing times
than General Motors and Ford.
The line graph illustrates the proportion of people in four age groups who visited a museum at least once annually between 1980 and 2010.

Overall, the chart illustrates clear differences among the categories, with figure for people aged 50 and over showing the highest values
throughout, while the 15-24 age group consistently remained the lowest. Although some fluctuations occurred, the general trend for most age
groups was stable, with the exception of a moderate decline in those 50+ group.

At the beginning of the period, the percentage of the oldest age group recorded at over 46%, the highest value shown in the graph. This
proportion rose gradually, reaching around 50% by 1990, before falling steadily to above 41% by the end of the timeframe. In contrast, the
youngest group( 15-24-year-olds) started at the lowest point, at approximately 20%, climbed sharply to over 26% in 1990, remained
relative stable during the next 15 years and delined slightly to just over 20% by 2010.

As for the 25-34 and 35-49 groups, both commenced the period at over 35% and experienced a similar downward trajectory at under 30% in 1990.
Afterward, both categories saw notable growth, rising to nearly 40% and 37% [Link] figures fluctuated mildly before ending at just above
35% for the younger group and around 38% for the older one in the final year.

At the beginning of the period, the percentage of the oldest age group stood at just over 46%, the highest value shown in the graph. This proportion
rose gradually, reaching around 50% by 1990, before falling steadily to just above 41% in the final year. In contrast, the youngest group (15–24-year-
olds) started at the lowest point, at approximately 20%, climbed sharply to over 26% in 1990, remained relatively stable for the next 15 years, and then
declined slightly to just over 20% by 2010.

Regarding the 25–34 and 35–49 groups, both began the period at slightly above 35% and experienced a similar decrease to just under 30% in 1990.
Afterward, both categories saw notable growth, rising to nearly 40% and 37% respectively. Their figures then fluctuated mildly before ending the
period at just above 35% for the younger group and around 38% for the older one.

In 1980, the percentage of oldest group experienced the large share of annual museum visitors at over 46%, peaked to nearly 50%

From 1980 to 1995, the four age groups demonstrated different patterns in museum visitors. The 50+ age group experienced a slight increase from
around 47% to under 50% in 1990 , before dropping noticeably to 45% in 1995. In contrast, the 25-34 and 35-49 age groups experienced a sharp
decline from over 36% to 29% in 1990, followed by a strong rebound to 38% and nearly 40% respectively by 1995. The youngest, 15-24 age group,
remained the least engaged, starting at just 20%, climbing gradually to over 26% in 1990, and then dipping slightly to aroun 25% in 1995.

Between 1995 to 2010, a mild downward trend was observed across all age groups. The oldest group continued to fall, reaching just over 41% by the
end of the period. The 25-34 and 35-49 groups remained broadly steady, then fall slightly before ending at 35% and over 37% respectively. The 15-
24 group saw a slight fall after remaining stable for a decade, finishing at just over 21%, the lowest figure across all age categories.

The line graph compares the proportion of museum visitors across four different age groups who went at least once per year between 1980 and 2010.

Overall, all age groups showed relatively stable trends over the period, with the exception of a moderate decline among those aged 50 and
above. The 50+ group consistently accounted for the highest percentage of museum visitors, whereas the 15–24 group remained the least
frequent visitors for most of the period.

From 1980 to 1995, the four age groups demonstrated different patterns in museum attendance. People aged 50 and above experienced a slight
increase, reaching a peak of nearly 50% in 1990, before dropping noticeably to around 45% in 1995. In contrast, the 25–34 and 35–49 age groups
showed the opposite trend: both declined sharply from over 35% to 29% in 1990, then rose significantly to about 40% and 37% respectively by 1995.
The 15–24 group started at 20%, the lowest among the four groups, increased gradually to around 25% in 1995, after a minor dip in 1990.

Between 1995 and 2010, all age groups experienced slight decreases. The 50+ group continued its downward trajectory, falling to just over 41% by
2010. The 25–34 and 35–49 groups remained relatively stable overall, with small declines before ending at approximately 37% and 35% respectively.
Meanwhile, the 15–24 group recorded the lowest figure throughout this period, finishing at just above 21% after remaining stable at around 25% for a
decade between 1995 and 2005.

The line graph illustrates the proportion of people in four age groups who visited a museum at least once a year between 1980 and 2010.
Overall, the 50+ age group consistently recorded the highest rate of museum attendance, while those aged 15–24 remained the least frequent
visitors. Although fluctuations occurred in all groups, the general pattern over the 30-year period was one of relative stability, with a slight
downward trend evident particularly among older adults.

Between 1980 and 1995, attendance among the over-50s rose modestly, peaking at nearly 50% in 1990, before falling noticeably to about 45% by
1995. In contrast, the 25–34 and 35–49 groups experienced a sharp decline from above 35% to 29% in 1990, followed by a strong rebound to around
40% and 37% respectively by 1995. The youngest group, aged 15–24, remained the least engaged, starting at 20%, dipping slightly in 1990, and then
climbing gradually to around 25% in 1995.

From 1995 to 2010, a mild downward trend was observed across all groups. The proportion of visitors aged 50 and above continued to fall, reaching
just over 41% by the end of the period. Attendance among 25–34-year-olds and 35–49-year-olds remained broadly steady, ending at roughly 37% and
35% respectively. The 15–24 group saw a slight fall after remaining stable for a decade, finishing at just above 21%, the lowest figure across all age
categories.

Template

The line graph/ bar chart/ pie chart illustrates/compares the proportion of people in four age groups who visited a museum at least once a year
between A and B.

Overall, the chart illustrates clear differences among the categories, with A showing the highest values throughout, while C consistently
remained the lowest. Although some fluctuations occurred, the general trend for most categories was (increase/decrease/stable)( , with the
exception of a moderate decline _____).

From Year1 to Year2, the (catalogies) demonstrated different patterns in (data).

A experienced a slight increase, before dropping noticeably to Number % in Year 2.

In contrast, B experienced a sharp decline from Number % to Number % in Year1-2, followed by a strong rebound to Number % by Year2.

C remained the least engaged, starting at Number %, dipping slightly in Year1-2, and then climbing gradually to Number % in Year2.
Between Year2 to Year3, a mild downward trend was observed across all (catalogies).

A continued to fall, reaching just (over/under/only) Number % by the end of the period.

B remained broadly steady, ending at Number %.

C saw a slight fall after remaining stable for a decade, finishing at just Number %, the lowest figure across all (detail) categories.

2. High-Level Vocabulary List (Band 8–9)

Verbs for trends

 fluctuate, stabilise, peak, dip, plateau, rebound, plunge, plummet, level off
 record the highest/lowest
 experience a modest/marked/gradual/steady rise

Adverbs

 slightly, marginally, moderately, significantly, sharply, steadily

Noun phrases
  a downward trajectory
 a noticeable shift
 a contrasting pattern
 an overall upward trend
 the most/least engaged group
 a decade-long period of stability

Advanced Linking Phrases

 In contrast, Conversely, By comparison,

 Meanwhile, Subsequently, During the same period,
 By the end of the timeframe, Over the following decade

 Sentence-by-Sentence Breakdown (Your Band 9 Answer Explained)

 Introduction
 “The line graph illustrates the proportion of people in four age groups who visited a museum at least once a year between 1980 and 2010.”
➡️Clear paraphrase + exact coverage of task.
 Overview
 “Overall, the 50+ age group consistently recorded the highest rate…, while 15–24 remained the least frequent visitors.”
➡️Highlights the biggest patterns (highest, lowest).
 Paragraph 1 — Early period
 “Between 1980 and 1995, attendance among the over-50s rose modestly…”
➡️Uses advanced verbs and clear comparisons.
 “…the 25–34 and 35–49 groups experienced a sharp decline… followed by a strong rebound…”
➡️Shows contrast + accurate detail.
 “…the youngest group… remained the least engaged…”
➡️Connects back to overview.
 Paragraph 2 — Later period
  “From 1995 to 2010, a mild downward trend was observed across all groups.”
➡️Excellent topic sentence.
 “The proportion… continued to fall…”
➡️Accurate trend extension.
 “…remained broadly steady…”
➡️Shows understanding of stabilised data.
 “…finishing at just above 21%, the lowest figure across all categories.”
➡️Strong closing sentence.

1. Trend Verbs (Increase / Decrease / No Change)

Increase (Band 9)

 rise, climb, grow, increase

 soar, surge, shoot up (very fast)
 edge up, creep up (very small increase)
 double / triple

Examples:

 The figure soared to 60% in 2005.

 The rate edged up by around 2%.

Decrease (Band 9)

 fall, decline, drop, decrease

 plummet, plunge, sink (fast drop)
 dip, slip, drift downward (small/temporary drop)
 halve
Examples:

 The proportion plummeted from 40% to 20%.

 The number dipped slightly in 1995.

No Change / Stability

 remain stable / steady

 level off
 plateau
 reach a period of stability

Examples:

 The figure remained stable at around 30% for a decade.

 The trend plateaued after 2000.

2. Adverbs (How big is the change?)

Small changes

 slightly, marginally, gradually, steadily

Moderate changes

 noticeably, considerably, significantly

Large / sudden changes

 sharply, dramatically, rapidly, steeply

Example:

 The number of users increased gradually from 10% to 18%.

3. Adjectives (Describing data)

 steady, consistent, gradual, modest
 marked, sharp, dramatic, substantial
 minimal, slight, marginal
 fluctuating, volatile

Example:

 There was a marked rise in sales in 2008.

4. Noun Phrases for Trends (High-band vocabulary)

 a downward trajectory
 an upward surge
 a period of stability
 a peak / a trough
 a noticeable shift
  a contrasting pattern
 a sustained rise / fall
 a decade-long stability
 the highest / lowest proportion

Example:

 The 50+ group followed a downward trajectory after 1990.

5. Linking Phrases (Band 9 Cohesion)

To show contrast

 In contrast,
 Conversely,
 By comparison,
 However,

To show sequence/time

 During the same period,

 Over the following decade,
 Subsequently,
 By the end of the timeframe,

To add information

 Additionally,
 Furthermore,
  Likewise,
 Similarly,

6. Data Clauses (Powerful sentence structures)

With numbers

 X increased from 20% to 40%.

 X rose by 20 percentage points.
 X grew to reach 40%.
 X fell to just under 20%.

Without numbers (Band 9 alternative)

 X experienced a moderate rise.

 Y witnessed a pronounced decline.
 Z remained the least popular category.

7. Full Band 9 Example Sentences

 The proportion of adults aged 25–34 surged dramatically, peaking at nearly 40% in 1995.
 Attendance among the over-50s followed a gradual downward trend, ending at just over 41%.
 The youngest group remained broadly stable, fluctuating around 25% for a decade.
 The figure for 35–49-year-olds recorded the highest level of stability across the period.