Chapter Four
Time control and monitoring
Prepared by: Oumer A.(MSc, PPECM)
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Introduction
Scheduling is a mechanical process for laying out the various
activities of a certain project or program along a time scale and in a
proper sequence.
In other words, scheduling is the preparation of a time table or an
action plan which serves as a guide for the implementation of the
activities and computation of resources required at different stages
in time.
Every construction projects are time bounded.
Due to the above nature, based on the contract time delays results
to penalties while early completion might earn rewards
There may be many reasons both foreseeable and unforeseeable,
for non-completion of a project on the intended completion time.
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…Cont’d
The absence of a project time plan almost makes certain that
a project cannot be completed on schedule without incurring
extra costs.
Advantages of having a Construction plan/ Work program
before the commencing the construction project is:
Formulating directions,
Optimum utilization and orderly arrangements of resources,
control of cost, progress and quality of executed work,
Controlling performance and motivating people
3
…Cont’d
Planning requires an intimate knowledge of construction
methods combined with the ability to visualize distinct work
elements and to establish their mutual interdependencies.
Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging
activity in the management and execution of construction
projects.
A good construction plan is the basis for developing the
budget and the schedule for works.
4
…Cont’d
Construction planning consists of the following basic steps
Choice of technology and method of construction,
Definition of work tasks,
Creating logical relationship among individual tasks
Estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks
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Project schedule
The approved Master schedule, called the schedule
baseline, is a component of the overall project plan.
It provides the basis for measuring and reporting
schedule performance.
In PPA, the general conditions of contract Clause
41.1-41.6 .has clear stipulation on
project schedule(program),
Time Control (PPA)
Clause 41.1
The Contractor shall submit the work program showing the general
methods, arrangements, order, and timing for all the activities in the
Works within the time stated in special condition of contract
Clause 41.3
The work program shall be updated based on the progress of the work
including any changes
Clause 41.4
The contractor is responsible for updating the work
program within the time stated in SCC
…Cont’d
Clause 41.5
The Engineer’s approval of the Program shall not alter the
Contractor’s obligations,
The Contractor may revise the Program and submit it to the Engineer
again at any time.
A revised Program shall show the effect of Variations and
Compensation Events.
Clause 73, Extension of the intended completion date
Clause 73.1
The Engineer shall extend the Intended Completion Date if a
Compensation Event occurs or a Variation are issued
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…Cont’d
Clause 73.2 and 73.3
The Engineer shall decide whether and by how
much to extend the Intended Completion Date
within 21 days after recipt of the time extention
claim.
If the Contractor has failed to give early warning
of a delay or has failed to cooperate in dealing
with a delay, the delay by this failure shall not be
considered in assessing the new Intended
Completion Date.
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…Cont’d
Clause 75, (Acceleration)
Clause 75.1 and 75.2
When the Employer wants the Contractor to finish
before the Intended Completion Date, the Engineer will
obtain priced proposals for achieving the necessary
acceleration from the Contractor
If the Employer accepts these proposals,
1. the Intended Completion Date will be adjusted
accordingly and confirmed by both the Employer and
the Contractor.
2. The new proposal will be incorporated in the
Contract Price and it will be treated as a Variation.10
…Cont’d
Clause 74, (Delays ordered by the Engineer)
Clause 74.1
The Engineer may instruct the Contractor to delay the start or
progress of any activity within the Works.
Clause 76, ( Management Meetings)
Clause 76.1
Either the Engineer or the Contractor may require the other to attend
a Management meeting,
Clause 76.2
The Engineer shall record the business of management meetings and
provide copies of the record to those attending the meeting and to the
Employer
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…Cont’d
Clause 77, (Early Warning)
Clause 77.1
The Contractor shall warn the Engineer at the earliest opportunity of
specific likely future events or circumstances that may adversely affect
the quality of the work, increase the Contract Price or delay the
execution of the Works.
The Engineer may require the Contractor to provide an estimate of
the expected effect of the future event or circumstance on the
Contract Price and Completion Date
Clause 77.2
The Contractor shall cooperate with the Engineer in making and
considering proposals for how the effect of such an event or
circumstance can be 12
Performance reports
Performance reports provide information on schedule
performance such as which planned dates have been met
and which have not. It may also alert the project team to
issues which may cause problems in the future.
Performance reporting involves collecting and
disseminating performance information in order to
provide stakeholders with information about how
resources are being used to achieve project objectives.
Change requests
Change requisites may occur in many forms-oral or
written, direct or indirect, externally or internally
initiated, and legally mandated or optional. Changes
may require extending the schedule or may allow
accelerating it
Construction work progress recordings
and keeping dairies
Site records
Delay in construction projects are very common specially in countries like Ethiopia.
This demand the follow up of the activities over a prolonged time.
Therefore keeping accurate records plays a significant role, particularly when there is a
tendency for varying the work.
It is therefore become imperative to maintain accurate written site records, which include;
Work progress
Material quality for quality control
Weather data
Working hours
Any incidents
Material on sites
Labor and equipment deployed
Instructions issued (co-signed by all)
Construction work progress recordings
and keeping dairies
Maintain work progress
Maintain a log sheet of materials delivered/used
Maintain record of instructions, date given and to whom
given
Maintain record of variation orders given, date given and
to whom given
Keep record of measurements, co-signed
Record details of works before covering up( ex.
Foundations)
Keep record of tests and relevant material data
Construction work progress recordings
and keeping dairies
The following items should also be a part of the
construction administration record keeping
Field observations reports: follow-ups on all unresolved items
Shop drawings, samples, product data, checklist of all required
submissions
Submittals: checklist of all required submittals correspondence
Payment requests, schedules of contract sum and time, change orders
Change orders and construction change directives
Drawings and revisions
Specifications and revisions
Status of requests for information's and requests for quotations
Memos on delay caused by weather, strikes, unavailability of materials,
and other things.
Reports
The purpose of the inspector’s site visit is to become
“generally familiar” with the progress and quality of the
work and to determine if the work is being done
in a manner which will yield results consistent with the
contract documents.
The supervisor is required to keep the owner informed of the
progress and quality of the work.
Most inspectors discharge this continuing obligations by
sending the owner a written report of each site visit with a
copy sent to the contractor.
The report should be a complete record of the proceedings at
the inspector’s job site visit and should include;
Reports
Date
Time, duration
Weather conditions
Persons present
Percentage of work completed by trade
Work progress compared to schedule
Work now being accomplished, work scheduled before next visit
Questions raised by the contractor or owner
Determinations made by the engineer
Any questions or actions which remain pending for appropriate later attention.
…Formats
Site Diary
Progress report
Schedule
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