Example Problem on Flat-slab

Design section of flat-slab of a typical floor slab system of braced building frame as shown below
subjected to floor live load of 4kN/m2 in addition to its own weight. Assume weight of floor
finish about 1kN/m2. Span lengths of each panels of flat-slab are l x × l y = 6m × 8m . Square columns
of 0.5m x 0.5m are assumed. For analysis of flat-slab, use direct-design method.
Use: C-25MPa (fcd = 11.17N/mm2)
S-300MPa (fyd = 260.87N/mm2)
γRC = 24kN/m3
µmax = 0.295
5

6m
4

6m
3

S3 S4 6m
2

S1 S2 6m
1
A B C D E
8m 8m 8m 8m

Solution
Because of symmetry, one quarter of floor slab system (S1, S2, S3 and S4) can be considered for
analysis and design!
A) Dimension of flat slab component: →based on dimension recommended by EBCS-2/95
As the spans of floor slab are large, it is provided with drop and column head
1) Column head: → diameter of column head, hc ≤ 0.25l x
↔ hc ≤ 0.25l x = 0.25 × 6 = 1.5m diam.
2) Thickness required by deflection (EBCS-2/95):
 f y  le
d min =  0.4 + 0.6 ×
 400  β a
 2h   2 
Where l e =  l y − c  =  8 − × 1.5  = 7 m
 3   3 
β a = 24
 300  7000
→ d min =  0.4 + 0.6 × × = 247.9 mm
 400  24
For slab with drop, → dmin(req) = 0.9dmin = 0.9x247.9 = 223.1mm
Assuming Φ10 bars and 15mm clear cover,
tmin = dmin(req) + cover + Φ/2 = 223.1+15+10/2 = 243.1mm
therefore, consider → t(slab) = 250mm

1
 3) Drop dimension: consider rectangular drop whose minimum dimension in both directions are
given by, l drop = l y 3 = 8 3 = 2.667 m
l drop = l x 3 = 6 3 = 2.0 m
Therefore, minimum drop dimension → l drop (min) = 2.667 m
If drop dimension is taken the same as the width of column strip, then drop dimension
l drop = 0.5l x = 0.5 × 6 = 3 m ≥ l drop (min) = 2.667 m → l drop = 3m
Therefore, drop-dimension of square 3m x 3m is provided
and, thickness of drop, t d = 1.25t slab = 1.25 × 250 = 312.5 mm
then, use thickness of drop including slab→ t d = 320 mm

B) Analysis of flat-slab for moment:

Span lengths of all slab panels are the same with l x = 6 m and l y = 8 m
Thickness of slab is t(slab) = 250mm
Square drop panels of 3m x 3m, and thickness of drop, t d = 320 mm
Circular column head, hc = 1.5m diameter
-Design load of slab
Dead load: wt. of slab = 0.25m x (6m x 8m) x 24kN/m3 = 288kN
wt. of floor finish = (6m x 8m) x 1kN/m2 = 48kN
wt. of drop = (0.32 - 0.25)m x (3m x 3m) x 24kN/m3 = 15.12kN
then, total DL (on each panel) = (288 + 48 + 15.12) = 351.12kN
Live load: total LL (on each panel) = (6m x 8m) x 4kN/m2 = 192kN
therefore, total factored design load for each panel,
→ F = 1.3DL + 1.6LL = 1.3 x 351.12 + 1.6 x 192 = 763.656kN
and, equivalent uniform load on floor slab,
F 763.656 kN
→ qd = = = 15.9095 kN m 2
Area of panel (6m × 8m)
-Effective span length of each panel,
 2   2 
Longer span, → l e1 =  l y − hc  =  8 − × 1.5m  = 7 m
 3   3 
 2   2 
Shorter span, → l e 2 =  l x − hc  =  6 − × 1.5m  = 5m
 3   3 
-Effective depth of slab outside around drop assuming Φ10 bars and 15mm clear cover,
d y = (t − cov er − φ 2) = (250 − 15 − 10 2) = 230 mm
( )
d x = d y − φ = (230 − 10) = 220 mm
and, effective depth of slab around drop,
d y = (t drop − cov er − φ 2) = (320 − 15 − 10 2) = 300 mm
( )
d x = d y − φ = (300 − 10) = 290 mm
-Width of column-strip, → for l drop > l x 3 → 3m > 6 3 = 2m ,
→ width of column-strip = l drop = 3m (otherwise, it is equal to 0.5l x )
-Width of middle-strip,
for longer span, → (8m-3m) = 5m
for shorter span, → (6m-3m) = 3m
-Since live load is less than three times dead load, single load case may be considered so that all
panels are loaded with maximum design load.

2
-Thus, design moments of slab using direct-design method are obtained as follows:
1) In longer span direction:
i) Exterior panels (S1 and S3):
-Exterior negative moment = − 0.04 F . l e1 = − 0.04 × 763.658 × 7 = − 213.82 kN − m
here, the entire moment is distributed in column strip!
∴ Negative moment in column strip = -213.82kN-m
and, Negative moment in middle strip = 0.0kN-m
-Positive moment = 0.083F . l e1 = 0.083 × 763.658 × 7 = 443.68 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Positive moment in middle strip = 0.45 x (443.68) = 199.66kN-m
and, Positive moment in column strip = 0.55 x (443.68) = 244.02kN-m √
-Interior negative moment = − 0.063F . l e1 = − 0.063 × 763.658 × 7 = − 336.77 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Negative moment in middle strip = 0.25 x (-336.77) = -84.19kN-m
and, Negative moment in column strip = 0.75 x (-336.77) = -252.58kN-m √
ii) Interior panels (S2 and S4):
-Interior negative moment = − 0.055F . l e1 = − 0.055 × 763.658 × 7 = − 294.01 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Negative moment in middle strip = 0.25 x (-294.01) = -73.50kN-m
and, Negative moment in column strip = 0.75 x (-294.01) = -220.51kN-m
-Positive moment = 0.071F . l e1 = 0.071× 763.658 × 7 = 379.54 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Positive moment in middle strip = 0.45 x (379.54) = 170.79kN-m
and, Positive moment in column strip = 0.55 x (379.54) = 208.78kN-m

2) In shorter span direction:

i) Exterior panels (S1 and S2):
-Exterior negative moment = − 0.04 F . l e 2 = − 0.04 × 763.658 × 5 = − 152.73 kN − m
here, the entire moment is distributed in column strip!
∴ Negative moment in column strip = -152.73kN-m
and, Negative moment in middle strip = 0.0kN-m
-Positive moment = 0.083F . l e 2 = 0.083 × 763.658 × 5 = 316.92 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Positive moment in middle strip = 0.45 x (316.92) = 142.61kN-m
and, Positive moment in column strip = 0.55 x (316.92) = 174.31kN-m
-Interior negative moment = − 0.063F . l e 2 = − 0.063 × 763.658 × 5 = − 240.55 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Negative moment in middle strip = 0.25 x (-240.55) = -60.14kN-m
and, Negative moment in column strip = 0.75 x (-240.55) = -180.41kN-m
ii) Interior panels (S3 and S4):
-Interior negative moment = − 0.055F . l e 2 = − 0.055 × 763.658 × 5 = − 210.01 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Negative moment in middle strip = 0.25 x (-210.01) = -52.50kN-m
and, Negative moment in column strip = 0.75 x (-210.01) = -157.51kN-m
-Positive moment = 0.071F . l e 2 = 0.071× 763.658 × 5 = 271.10 kN − m
then, distributing this moment into middle and column strips,
∴ Positive moment in middle strip = 0.45 x (271.10) = 121.99kN-m
and, Positive moment in column strip = 0.55 x (271.10) = 149.11kN-m

3
 Check thickness of slab for flexure!
-Maximum negative and positive moments of floor slab,
Mmax = -252.58kN-m → around drop panel in column strip
Mmax = 244.02kN-m → outside drop panel in column strip
then, checking adequacy of thickness of slab for flexure,
Md 252.58 × 10 6
d req = = = 159.8 mm ≤ d y = 300mm ---around drop
µ max . f cd . b 0.295 × 11.17 × 3000

Md 244.02 × 10 6
d req = = = 175.1 mm ≤ d y = 230mm ---outside drop
µ max . f cd . b 0.295 × 11.17 × 3000
∴ Thickness of slab is adequate for flexure!

C) Flexural reinforcement:
1) In longer span direction:
i) Exterior panel (S1 and S3):
-For Exterior negative moment:
Column strip, Md = -213.82kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=300mm
Md 213.82 ×10 6
µ = = = 0.071
f cd . b . d y 2
11.17 × 3000 × 300 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 300
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.071 = 288.94 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 213.82 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 2836.7 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1500 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 288.94
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 83 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2836.7
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 80mm c/c placed at top of exterior support in column strip

-For positive moment exterior panel:

Middle strip, Md = 199.66kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=230mm
Md 199.66 ×10 6
µ = = = 0.1126
f cd . b . d y 2 11.17 × 3000 × 230 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 230
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.1126 = 216.23 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 199.66 × 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 3539.6 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1150 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 216.23
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 66.5 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 3539.6
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 60mm c/c placed at bottom of exterior panel in middle strip

4
 Column strip, Md = 244.0kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=230mm
Md 244 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.138
f cd . b . d y 2
11.17 × 3000 × 230 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 230
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.138 = 212.85 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 244 × 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 4394.3 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1150 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 212.85
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 53.6 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 4394.3
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 50mm c/c placed at bottom of exterior panel in column strip

-For Interior negative moment:

Middle strip, Md = -84.19kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=230mm
Md 84.19 ×10 6
µ = = = 0.047
f cd . b . d y 2 11.17 × 3000 × 230 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 230
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.047 = 224.46 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 84.19 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 1437.8 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1150 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 224.46
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 163.8 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 1437.8
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 160mm c/c placed at top of interior support in middle strip

Column strip, Md = -252.58kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=300mm

Md 252.58 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.084
f cd . b . d y 2
11.17 × 3000 × 300 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 300
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.084 = 286.82 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 252.58 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 3375.7 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1500 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 286.82
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 69.7 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 3375.7
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 60mm c/c placed at top of interior support in column strip

5
ii) Interior panel (S2 and S4):
-For positive moment:
Middle strip, Md = 170.79kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=230mm
Md 170.79 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.096
f cd . b . d y 2 11.17 × 3000 × 230 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 230
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.096 = 218.37 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 170.79 × 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 2998.1 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1150 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 218.37
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 78.5 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2998.1
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 70mm c/c placed at bottom of interior panel in middle strip

Column strip, Md = 208.78kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=230mm

Md 208.78 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.118
f cd . b . d y 2
11.17 × 3000 × 230 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 230
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.118 = 215.5 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 208.78 ×10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 3713.8 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1150 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 215.5
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 63.4 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 3713.8
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 60mm c/c placed at bottom of interior panel in column strip

-For negative moment:

Middle strip, Md = -73.5kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=230mm
Md 73.5 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.041
f cd . b . d y 2
11.17 × 3000 × 230 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 230
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.041 = 225.18 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 73.5 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 1251.2 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1150 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 225.18
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 188.2 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 1251.2
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 180mm c/c placed at top of interior panel in middle strip

6
 Column strip, Md = -220.5kN-m, b=3000mm & dy=300mm
Md 220.5 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.073
f cd . b . d y 2
11.17 × 3000 × 300 2

z =
dy
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 300
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.073 = 288.6 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 220.5 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 2928.8 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1500 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 288.6
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 80.4 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2928.8
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 80mm c/c placed at top of interior panel in column strip

2) In shorter span direction:

i) Exterior panel (S1 and S2):
-For Exterior negative moment:
Column strip, Md = -152.7kN-m, b=3000mm & dx=290mm
Md 152.7 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.054
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 3000 × 290 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 290
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.054 = 281.94 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 152.7 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 2076.1 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1450 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 281.94
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 113.4 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2076.1
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 110mm c/c placed at top of exterior support in column strip

-For positive moment exterior panel:

Middle strip, Md = 142.6kN-m, b=5000mm & dx=220mm
Md 142.6 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.053
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 5000 × 220 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 220
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.053 = 214.0 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 142.6 × 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 2554.4 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1833.3 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 214.0
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 5000
sb = = = 153.6 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2554.4
∴ Provide φ10bars @ 150mm c/c placed at bottom of exterior panel in middle strip

7
 Column strip, Md = 174.3kN-m, b=3000mm & dx=220mm
Md 174.3 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.107
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 3000 × 220 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 220
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.107 = 207.5 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 174.3 × 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 3220.0 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1100 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 207.5
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 73.1 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 3220.0
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 70mm c/c placed at bottom of exterior panel in column strip

-For Interior negative moment:

Middle strip, Md = -60.14kN-m, b=5000mm & dx=220mm
Md 60.14 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.022
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 5000 × 220 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 220
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.022 = 217.55 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 60.14 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 1059.7 mm 2 < As , min = 1833.3 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 217.55
∴ (− ve)As = As , min = 1833.3 mm 2
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 5000
sb = = = 214.0 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 1833.3
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 210mm c/c placed at top of interior support in middle strip

Column strip, Md = -180.41kN-m, b=3000mm & dx=290mm

Md 180.41× 10 6
µ = = = 0.064
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 3000 × 290 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 290
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.064 = 280.4 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 180.41× 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 2466.4 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1450 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 280.4
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 95.5 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2466.4
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 90mm c/c placed at top of interior support in column strip

8
ii) Interior panel (S3 and S4):
-For positive moment:
Middle strip, Md = 121.99kN-m, b=5000mm & dx=220mm
Md 121.99 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.045
f cd . b . d x 2 11.17 × 5000 × 220 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 220
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.045 = 214.9 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 121.99 × 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 2176.0 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1833.3 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 214.9
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 5000
sb = = = 180.4 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2176.0
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 180mm c/c placed at bottom of interior panel in middle strip

Column strip, Md = 149.1kN-m, b=3000mm & dx=220mm

Md 149.1 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.092
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 3000 × 220 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 220
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.092 = 209.36 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 149.1× 10 6
(+ ve)As = = = 2730.0 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1100 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 209.36
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 86.2 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2730.0
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 80mm c/c placed at bottom of interior panel in column strip

-For negative moment:

Middle strip, Md = -52.5kN-m, b=5000mm & dx=220mm
Md 52.5 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.019
f cd . b . d x 2 11.17 × 5000 × 220 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 220
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.019 = 217.89 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 52.5 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 923.6 mm 2 < As , min = 1833.3 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 217.89
∴ (− ve)As = As , min = 1833.3 mm 2
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 214.0 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 1833.3
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 210mm c/c placed at top of interior panel in middle strip

9
 Column strip, Md = -157.5kN-m, b=3000mm & dx=290mm
Md 157.5 × 10 6
µ = = = 0.056
f cd . b . d x 2
11.17 × 3000 × 290 2

z =
dx
2
(
. 1 + 1 − 2µ ) = 290
2
× (1 + )
1 − 2 × 0.056 = 281.6 mm
-then, required area of tension steel
Md 157.5 × 10 6
(− ve)As = = = 2144.0 mm 2 ≥ As , min = 1450 mm 2
f yd . z 260.87 × 281.6
-spacing of φ10 bars,
as .b 78.5 × 3000
sb = = = 109.8 mm ≤ s max = 350 mm
As 2144.0
≥ s min = 25 mm + φ b
∴ Provide φ10 bars @ 100mm c/c placed at top of interior panel in column strip

D) Design of slab for Shear:

1) Design for Punching Shear:
i) At corner column CA1: → d s = d avg = (300 + 290) / 2 = 295 mm
d = d avg = (230 + 220) / 2 = 225 mm
a) Punching shear force at critical section ‘1.5ds’ from face of column head,
F 1 π 
V d =  − × (hc + 3d s ) × q d 
2

4 4 4 
 763.656 π
↔ Vd =  − (1.5 + 3 × 0.295)2 ×15.9095 = 173.145 kN
 4 16 
Allowing moment transfer by shear,
Veq ≅ 1.5V d ---(for corner column)
↔ Veq ≅ 1.5 × 173.145 = 259.7175 kN
Perimeter of critical section for punching shear around column-head of corner column,
π π
b0 = × (hc + 3d s ) = × (1.5 + 3 × 0.295) = 1.873 m
4 4
therefore, punching shear stress developed at critical section
V eq 259.7175 × 10 3
vd = = = 0.47 N mm 2
b0 . d s 1873 × 295
and, punching shear resistance of slab at corner column
v RD = 0.25 f ctd . k1. k 2
0.21× (0.8 f cu 2 3 ) 0.21× (0.8 × 25) 2 3
where f ctd = = = 1.032 N mm 2
γc 1.5
k 2 = (1.6 − d s ) = (1.6 − 0.295) = 1.305
2836.7 2076.1
ρy = = 0.0031 , ρ x = = 0.0024 , ρ e = ρ x + ρ y = 0.074 > 0.015
3000 × 300 3000 × 290
k1 = (1 + 50 ρ e ) = (1 + 50 × 0.015) = 1.75
→ v RD = 0.25 × 1.032 × 1.75 × 1.305 = 0.589 N mm 2
then, v d = 0.47 N mm 2 ≤ v RD = 0.589 N mm 2 ok!
∴ Shear reinforcement is not required!

10
b) Punching shear force at critical section ‘1.5d’ from face of drop-panel,
F l 
2 
V d =  −  d + 1.5d  × q d 
 4  2  
 763.656  3 
2 
↔ Vd =  −  + 1.5 × 0.225  × 15.9095 = 137.197 kN
 4 2  
Allowing moment transfer by shear,
Veq ≅ 1.5V d = 1.5 ×137.197 = 205.796 kN
Perimeter of critical section for punching shear around drop of corner column,
l 
b0 = 2 d + 1.5d  = 2 × (1.5 + 1.5 × 0.225) = 3.675 m
 2 
therefore, punching shear stress developed at critical section
V eq 205.796 × 10 3
vd = = = 0.249 N mm 2 ≤ v RD = 0.589 N mm 2 ok!
b0 . d 3675 × 225
∴ Shear reinforcement is not required!

ii) At edge column CB1:

a) Punching shear force at critical section ‘1.5ds’ from face of column head,
F 1 π 
V d =  − × (hc + 3d s ) × q d 
2

2 2 4 
 763.656 π 
↔ Vd =  − (1.5 + 3 × 0.295)2 × 15.9095 = 346.29 kN
 2 8 
Allowing moment transfer by shear,
Veq ≅ 1.4V d ---(for edge column)
↔ Veq ≅ 1.4 × 346.29 = 484.806 kN
Perimeter of critical section for punching shear around column-head of corner column,
π π
b0 = × (hc + 3d s ) = × (1.5 + 3 × 0.295) = 3.746 m
2 2
therefore, punching shear stress developed at critical section
V eq 346.806 × 10 3
vd = = = 0.439 N mm 2
b0 . d s 3746 × 295
and, punching shear resistance of slab at corner column
v RD = 0.25 f ctd . k1. k 2
where f ctd = 1.032 N mm 2
k 2 = (1.6 − d s ) = 1.305
2836.7 2076.1
ρy = = 0.0031 , ρ x = = 0.0024 , ρ e = ρ x + ρ y = 0.074 > 0.015
3000 × 300 3000 × 290
k1 = (1 + 50ρ e ) = (1 + 50 × 0.015) = 1.75
→ v RD = 0.25 × 1.032 × 1.75 ×1.305 = 0.589 N mm 2
then, v d = 0.439 N mm 2 ≤ v RD = 0.589 N mm 2 ok!
∴ Shear reinforcement is not required!

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 b) Punching shear force at critical section ‘1.5d’ from face of drop-panel,
F l  
V d =  − (l d + 3d ) d + 1.5d  × q d 
2  2  
 763.656 
↔ Vd =  − (3 + 3 × 0.225)× (1.5 + 1.5 × 0.225) ×15.9095 = 274.394 kN
 2 
Allowing moment transfer by shear,
Veq ≅ 1.4V d = 1.4 × 274.394 = 384.15 kN
Perimeter of critical section for punching shear around drop of corner column,
b0 = (2l d + 4 × 1.5d ) = (6 + 4 × 1.5 × 0.225) = 7.35 m
therefore, punching shear stress developed at critical section
V eq 384.15 × 10 3
vd = = = 0.232 N mm 2 ≤ v RD = 0.589 N mm 2 ok!
b0 . d 7350 × 225
∴ Shear reinforcement is not required!

iii) At interior column CB2:

a) Punching shear force at critical section ‘1.5ds’ from face of column head,
 π 
V d =  F − (hc + 3d s ) × q d 
2

 4 
 π 
↔ V d = 763.656 − (1.5 + 3 × 0.295)2 × 15.9095 = 692.58 kN
 4 
Allowing moment transfer by shear,
Veq ≅ 1.15V d ---(for interior column)
↔ Veq ≅ 1.15 × 692.58 = 796.47 kN
Perimeter of critical section for punching shear around column-head of corner column,
b0 = π × (hc + 3d s ) = π × (1.5 + 3 × 0.295) = 7.49 m
therefore, punching shear stress developed at critical section
V eq 796.47 × 10 3
vd = = = 0.36 N mm 2 ≤ v RD = ? check yourself!
b0 . d s 7490 × 295
b) Punching shear force at critical section ‘1.5d’ from face of drop-panel,
[
V d = F − (l d + 3d )2 × q d ]
↔ Vd = [763.656 − (3 + 3 × 0.225) 2
]
× 15.9095 = 548.79 kN
Allowing moment transfer by shear,
Veq ≅ 1.15V d = 1.15 × 548.79 = 631.11 kN
Perimeter of critical section for punching shear around drop of corner column,
b0 = (4l d + 8 × 1.5d ) = (12 + 8 × 1.5 × 0.225) = 14.7 m
therefore, punching shear stress developed at critical section
V eq 631.11× 10 3
vd = = = 0.19 N mm 2 ≤ v RD = ? check yourself!
b0 . d 14700 × 225
2) Design for one-way Shear:
→ Analysis flat slab for one-way shear based on code’s shear force coefficient!
Therefore, design one-way shear forces developed in flat-slab in both directions are
-at outer support: → V d = 0.45 F & divide into column- and middle-strips
-at first interior support: → V d = 0.60 F
-at interior support: → V d = 0.50 F

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