JUNOON

TOPIC NAME

FACULTY NAME
SAKSHI KESHARWAL
NEED OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
TOPICS TO BE COVERED

1
RATIONAL NUMBERS

2
STANDARD FORM OF
RATIONAL NUMBERS

3
OPERATIONS ON
RATIONAL NUMBERS
NUMBERS
Natural Numbers
All positive integers like 1,2,3,4, … … … …
are “Natural Numbers”.

Whole Numbers
All natural numbers including 0
are “whole Numbers”.

Integers
All negative and positive numbers
including 0 are called “Integers”.
RATIONAL NUMBERS
The word “Rational” arises from the term “Ratio”. You
3
know that a ratio like 3: 2 can also be written as . Here,
2
3 and 2 are natural numbers.

Rational Numbers are the numbers that can be expressed

in the form 𝑝/𝑞 where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are integers 𝑞 ≠ 0 . It
includes all natural, whole numbers, fractions and integers.
Rational Numbers
7
4 0.5
Integers 33
0.001 … , −3, −2, −1,0,1,2,3, … 100
Whole Numbers
0,1,2,3,4,5, … …
Natural Numbers
1,2,3,4,5, … …
EQUIVALENT RATIONAL NUMBERS
By multiplying the numerator and denominator of a rational number by
the same non zero integer, we obtain another rational number equivalent
to the given rational number. This is exactly like obtaining equivalent
fractions.
Just as multiplication, the division of the numerator and
denominator by the same non zero integer, also gives equivalent
rational numbers. For example,

10 10 ÷ −5 −2 −12 −12 ÷ 12 −1
i = = ii = =
−15 −15 ÷ −5 3 24 24 ÷ 12 2

−2 2 −10 10
We write as − , as − , etc.
3 3 15 15
Q Fill in the boxes :

5 25 −15
i = = =
4 16

−3 9 −6
ii = = =
7 14
RULES FOR MULTIPYING TWO RATIONAL NUMBERS
If the signs of the factors are the same, the product is positive.
+ . + = + 𝑜𝑟 − . − = (+)

If the signs of the factors are different, the product is negative.

+ . − = − 𝑜𝑟 − . + = (−)
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE RATIONAL NUMBERS

“Positive Rational Numbers” are the numbers whose

both the numerator and denominator are of same sign.

“Negative Rational Numbers” are the numbers whose

one of the numerator or denominator is negative.
−2 36
Example , etc.
6 −3

Remark
The number 0 is neither a positive
nor negative rational number.
Q Which of these are negative rational numbers?

−2
i
3

5
ii
7

3
iii
−5
Q Which of these are negative rational numbers?

iv 0

6
v
11

−2
vi
−9
RATIONAL NUMBERS ON THE NUMBER LINE

Rational numbers can also be represented on a number line

like integers i.e., positive rational numbers are on the right to
0 and negative rational numbers are on the left of 0.

Representation of rational numbers can

be done on a number line as follows.

−3 −2 −1 1 2 3

−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 4 7
0 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 10
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Q The points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑈, 𝐴 and 𝐵 on the number
line are such that, 𝑇𝑅 = 𝑅𝑆 = 𝑆𝑈 and 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑃𝑄 =
𝑄𝐵. Name the rational numbers represented by
𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆.

𝑈 𝑆 𝑅 𝑇 𝐴 𝑃 𝑄 𝐵

−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
RATIONAL NUMBER IN STANDAR FORM

A rational number is in the standard form if its denominator

is a positive integer and there is no common factor between
the numerator and denominator other than 1.

If any given rational number is not in the standard

form then we can reduce it to its standard form or
the lowest form by dividing its numerator and
denominator by their HCF ignoring its negative sign.
Q Reduce to standard form :

36
i
−24

−3
ii
−15
Q Find the standard form of

−18
i
45

−12
ii
18
Q Which of the following pairs represent the
same rational number?

−7 3
i and
21 9

−16 20
ii and
20 −25

−2 2
iii and
−3 3
LET’S PLAY A GAME
Q Three monkeys are climbing upstairs. They
can only move ahead if they eat a banana
with the common factor of their numerator
and denominator on it. Which of the three
monkeys will be able to reach till the end?

9 2 4

2 1 1
17 7 9
4 2 3

−136 −112 −108

−124 224 405
Q Three monkeys are climbing upstairs. They
can only move ahead if they eat a banana
with the common factor of their numerator
and denominator on it. Which of the three
monkeys will be able to reach till the end?

2
17
4

−136
−124
Q Three monkeys are climbing upstairs. They
can only move ahead if they eat a banana
with the common factor of their numerator
and denominator on it. Which of the three
monkeys will be able to reach till the end?

1
7
2

−112
224
Q Three monkeys are climbing upstairs. They
can only move ahead if they eat a banana
with the common factor of their numerator
and denominator on it. Which of the three
monkeys will be able to reach till the end?

1
9
3

−108
405
Q In the standard form of a rational number, the
denominator is always a

A B
0 Negative Integer

C D
1 Positive Integer
COMPARISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
1. To compare the two positive rational numbers we need to make
their denominator same, then we can easily compare them.
Example Compare 4/5 and 3/8 and tell which one is greater.
COMPARISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
2. To compare two negative rational numbers, we compare them
ignoring their negative signs and then reverse the order.
Example Compare - (2/5) and – (3/7) and tell which one is greater.
COMPARISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
3. If we have to compare one negative and one positive rational
number then it is clear that the positive rational number will always
be greater as the positive rational number is on the right to 0 and the
negative rational numbers are on the left of 0.

Example Compare 2/5 and – (2/5) and tell which one is greater.
Q Write the following rational numbers in ascending
1 2 4
order: − , − , −
3 9 3
Rational Numbers between Rational Numbers
To find the rational numbers between two rational numbers, we have
to make their denominator same then we can find the rational
numbers.
Example Find the rational numbers between 3/5 and 3/7.
 How many rational numbers are there
Q between two rational numbers?

A 1 B 0

C unlimited D 100
OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
ADDITION

13 6 19 7
Q Find: − + , + −
7 7 5 5
ADDITION

−3 2 −5 −3
Q Find: 𝑖 + 𝑖𝑖 +
7 3 6 11
SUBTRACTION

7 2 1 (−1) −6 −7
Q Find: 𝑖 − 𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖 −
9 5 5 3 13 15
SUBTRACTION

7 2 1 (−1) −6 −7
Q Find: 𝑖 − 𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖 −
9 5 5 3 13 15
SUBTRACTION

7 2 1 (−1) −6 −7
Q Find: 𝑖 − 𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖 −
9 5 5 3 13 15
MULTIPLICATION
Step 1 Multiply the numerators of the two rational numbers.

Step 2 Multiply the denominators of the two rational numbers.

Step 3 Write the product as
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 2
−3 2 −3×2 −6
Thus, × = = .
5 7 5×7 35
−5 −9 −5×(−9) 45
Also, × = =
8 7 8×7 56
DIVISION
a. Reciprocal Reciprocal is the multiplier of the given rational number
which gives the product of 1.
𝑎 𝑏
Reciprocal of is
𝑏 𝑎

Reciprocal
DIVISION
Product of Reciprocal

If we multiply the reciprocal of the rational number with

that rational number then the product will always be 1.

Example 4 7
× =1
7 4
DIVISION

Q What will be the reciprocal of

−6
11
? And
−8
5
?
EXAMPLE

−6 −2 6 −2 6 3 18
÷ = ×reciprocal of = × =
5 3 −5 3 −5 −2 10
 2 −1 3 3 −4
Q Find: 𝑖 (−4) ÷ 𝑖𝑖 ÷ 𝑖𝑖𝑖 ÷
3 8 4 13 65
 2 −1 3 3 −4
Q Find: 𝑖 (−4) ÷ 𝑖𝑖 ÷ 𝑖𝑖𝑖 ÷
3 8 4 13 65
THANK -YOU