What is safety? Safety is a Protection of people from Physical injury and Property Lost is called safety. How many types of safety? There are three types of safety. (1) Plant safety (2) Worker's safety (3) Consumer safety How many steps in safety? Four steps in safety (1) Policy (2) Implementation (3) Take advantages of factory act (4) Safe working conditions. What is safety audit? The safety audit is the process that identifies un-safe conditions and unsafe Acts the plant and recommended safety improvement. What is safety tag? Safety tag can be defined a surface made of card board or paper board on which English local languages letters written for warning safety instructions to employees. What is safety program? Safety program can be defined as five methods by which accident can be prevent easily they are engineering, education, enforcement, enthusiasm and example safety program are plain spoken and carry out certain legal steps. How many types of sign boards? (1) Information (2) Fire or explosion (3) Wiring (4) Mandatory (5) Caution What is safety survey? A safety survey is an organization's internal systematic evaluation to check safe operations and practices are in place in workplaces and facilities. What is Hazard? ‘A Substance an activity to cause harm is called hazard. Types of hazard (1) Chemical (2) Electricity (3) Noise (4) Fire (5) Mechanical etc.What is injury? Itis defined as a harmful condition sustained by the body as a result of an accident. What is attitude? Attitude may be described as continuous behavior. If man’s behavior is good, then his action will be either correct or safe. What is emergency planning? Emergency planning can defined as a control measures. It can control the accidents Safe guard people and provide information to media. What is housekeeping? Housekeeping means not only cleanness but also orderly arrangement of operations, Tools, equipment’s storage facilities and suppliers. What are the accidents in “poor housekeeping”? (1) Men getting hit by failing from overhead (2) Men slipping as greasy, wet or dirty floor (3) Men failing in open tank without cover in level floor (4) Accidents due to poor lighting (5) Fire accidents due to faulty electrical wires etc. What are the advantages in good housekeeping? (1) Itsaves the property damages (2) it improves employee moral (3) Better productivity (4) Working area becomes presentable (5) Human energy is conserved (6) Visitors are very much satisfied (7) the burden of supervisor is reduced What is personal protective equipment? Itis equipment’s used to project the person from hazards such dust, dirt, fumes and sparks etc. It is the barrier between hazard and person. What is LTI? Lost Time Injury (LT!) is a work-related injury or illness that prevents an employee performing their regular job duties for at least one shift or workday. LTIs can include Fatalities and Permanent disabilities. What is RWC? Restricted work case RWC occurs when an employee cannot perform all of the routine job but does not result in days away from work. What is MEWP? Mobile elevated working platformWhat is term card? Itis legal requirements in case of emergency in violin vehicles carrying hazards substance. What is FAC? First aid case First aid is temporary and immediate care given to the victim of an accident. What is painting? The process after sand blasting is called painting What is fork lift truck? Fork lift truck is designed to handle heavy loads. What is fall arrest? Itis system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of a body belt or body harness and lifeline, or combinations of these. What is fall restraint? Fall Restraint systems prevent you from falling. They use a body holding device connected to a reliable anchor, preventing you from reaching zones where the risk of fall exists What are 4 Ps? Employers should help workers understand the four Ps of safety (1) people (2) places (3) Personal protective equipment (PPE) (4) personal accountability. What is man basket? Man basket, also known as work platform, construction cages, safety cages or personal basket, are typically used on construction sites as a way of safely transporting workers. What is Radiography? Itis conducted to check the welding joints for any blow holes defects through x-ray. What is PTW (Permit to work) and WPS (Work permit system)? Itis written document issued by the area in charge to the performer to undertake the specific job. What is main work permit? Itis a document that includes a description of the work to be performed. It is a written record authorizing a specific work at a specific location, and for a specific time.How many types work permit? (1) Hot Work Permit (2) Cold Work Permit (3) Excavation Work Permit (4) Confined Space Work Permit (5) Scaffolding Work Permit (6) Lifting Work Permit (7) Work at height Work Permit (8) Energy Isolation Work Permit (9) Radiography Work Permit etc. What is blanket permit? A blanket permit is a permit issued on the basis of location where the multiple jobs are to. be carried out at safe location. What are sections of PTW? (1) Permit request (2) Permit issue (3) Hazards assessment & precaution (4) Gas testing requirements (5) Revalidation (6) PTW closing. What are the duties of a safety Officer and safety responsibility? (1) Prepare tool box talk (2) Prepare monthly statistics (3) prepare the checklist (4) Accident reports (5) Management meetings (6) Arrange the safety classes/training (7) Arrange first aid training classes. (8) Arrange monthly safety bulletin (9) Inspection of fire extinguisher etc. What is role of safety? A safety role is a position that involves ensuring a safe workplace for employees by identifying hazards, implementing safety measures, and investigating incidents What are the duties of a Supervisor? (1) He has to instruct the workers about the work methods and procedures. (2) He has to maintain discipline among the workers. (3) He has to supply necessary materials. (4) He has to control quality and cost of the job. (5) He has to guide has workers in doing a job in the correct and safe way. (6) He has to supply suitable personal protective equipment to his workers. (7) He should conduct periodical safety meetings. (8) He should conduct safety inspection of his working area. (9) He should know about the fire fight equipment. (10) He should know investigate the accident and find out the cause of accident.What is HSE plan? HSE plan is a plan which outlines your company and project health, safety and environmental policies, procedures, and processes. What is the purpose of HSE plan? The purpose of this HSE Plan is to provide for the systematic identification, evaluation, prevention and control of general workplace hazards, specific job hazards, potential hazards and environmental impacts that may arise from foreseeable conditions during installation and servicing of industrial projects. What is an HSE action plan? The purpose of an HSE action plan is to set the road map for improving performance in the organization within a specified timeframe. What is safety policy? ‘Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide a safe and health working environment to all his improvement to all his employees. What is the Purpose of safety policy? It provides guidelines for establishing and implementing programs that will reduce workplace hazards, protect lives and promote employee health. How to develop a safety policy? There are three parts of safety policy (1) Statement of intent In your statement you should list your company’s aims for health and safety. The statement should be signed and dated by the owner or most senior person of the company. You should also set a review date and also display your statement of where all employees can read it. (2) Responsibilities for health and safety This section of the policy lists the name, positions and roles of the people within your company who have specific responsibilities for health and safety. (3) Arrangements for health and safety This section gives details of the specific systems and procedures you have in place. Your policy should describe in details how you control the risks associated with your business activities.What is HSE policy? ‘Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide a safe and health working environment to all his improvement to all his employees. What is the Purpose of HSE policy? It provides guidelines for establishing and implementing programs that will reduce workplace hazards, protect lives and promote employee health. How to Develop a HSE policy? There are three parts of HSE policy (1) Statement of intent In your statement you should list your company’s aims for health and safety. The statement should be signed and dated by the owner or most senior person of the company. You should also set a review date and also display your statement of where all employees can read it. (2) Responsibilities for health and safety This section of the policy lists the name, positions and roles of the people within your company who have specific responsibilities for health and safety. (3) Arrangements for health and safety This section gives details of the specific systems and procedures you have in place. Your policy should describe in details how you control the risks associated with your business activities. What is tool box talk? (1) Job related safety aspects (2) Job related hazards / risk (3) Control / preventive measure (4) Adequacy of PPE’s / condition (5) Following safety rules / procedures (6) Safe work procedures / methods How many types of PPE? (1) Skin protection (protective clothing) (2) Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) (3) Eye protection (goggles) (RPE) (4) Head protection (safety helmets) (5) Ear protection (earplugs) (6) Foot protection (steel toecap boots) (7) Hand and arm protection (gloves) (8) Body protection (high-visibility clothing) (9) Fall protection (safety harnesses)(SMS) Safety Management system (SMS) Safety Management System is a collection of structured, company-wide processes that provide effective risk-based decision-making for daily business functions. Safety Management Systems help organizations offer products or services at the highest level of safety and maintain safe operations. What are the components of the (SMS) safety management system? Four components of SMS (1) Safety policy (2) Safety risk management (3) Safety Assurance (4) Safety Promotion (1) Safety policy Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide a safe and health working environment to all his improvement to all his employees. Elements of Safety policy (1) Management commitment and responsibility (2) Safety accountabilities (3) Appointment of key safety personnel (4) SMS implementation (5) Contractors/third party interfaces (6) Coordination of emergency response planning (7) SMS documentation (2) Safety risk management Risk management is a formal process for identifying hazards, evaluating and analyzing risk associated with those hazards then taking action to eliminate the hazards and risk management is a critical step in any organizations efforts to proactively mitigate risk before an injury occurs. Elements of Safety risk management (1) Describing the safety management system (2) Identifying the hazards in the workplace (3) Assessing the risk thoroughly (4) Analyzing the risk (5) Controlling the risk (3) Safety Assurance Safety assurance evaluates the continued effectiveness of implemented risk control strategies and supports the identification of new hazards. To ensure compliance with SMS requirements and FAA standards, every company must follow: Elements of Safety Assurance (4) Safety performance monitoring and measurement (2) Internal safety investigation (3) Management of change (4) Continuous improvement of the SMS (4) Safety Promotion Safety promotion activities create a positive safety culture within all levels of the workforce through training, education, and communication. Within a robust SMS framework, safety promotion activities include: Elements of Safety Promotion (1) SMS training (2) Advocating/strengthening a positive safety culture (3) System and safety communication and awareness (4) Matching competency requirements to system requirements (5) Disseminating safety lessons learned(SMS) Safety Management system (SMS) Safety Management System is a collection of structured, company-wide processes that provide effective risk-based decision-making for daily business functions. Safety Management Systems help organizations offer products or services at the highest level of safety and maintain safe operations. What Is 4 pillars of (SMS) Safety Management system? Four components of SMS (1) Safety policy (2) Safety risk management (3) Safety Assurance (4) Safety Promotion (1) Safety policy Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide a safe and health working environment to all his improvement to all his employees. Elements of Safety policy (1) Management commitment and responsibility (2) Safety accountabilities (3) Appointment of key safety personnel (4) SMS implementation (5) Contractors/third party interfaces (6) Coordination of emergency response planning (7) SMS documentation (2) Safety risk management Risk management is a formal process for identifying hazards, evaluating and analyzing risk associated with those hazards then taking action to eliminate the hazards and risk management is a critical step in any organizations efforts to proactively mitigate risk before an injury occurs. Elements of Safety risk management (1) Describing the safety management system (2) Identifying the hazards in the workplace (3) Assessing the risk thoroughly (4) Analyzing the risk (5) Controlling the risk (3) Safety Assurance Safety assurance evaluates the continued effectiveness of implemented risk control strategies and supports the identification of new hazards. To ensure compliance with SMS requirements and FAA standards, every company must follow: Elements of Safety Assurance (1) Safety performance monitoring and measurement (2) Internal safety investigation (3) Management of change (4) Continuous improvement of the SMS (4) Safety Promotion Safety promotion activities create a positive safety culture within all levels of the workforce through training, education, and communication. Within a robust SMS framework, safety promotion activities include: Elements of Safety Promotion (1) SMS training (2) Advocating/strengthening a positive safety culture (3) System and safety communication and awareness (4) Matching competency requirements to system requirements (5) Disseminating safety lessons learnWhat is fall protection and fall Prevention? Fall protection Fall protection system which minimizes the risk of injury due to fall from height. For examples (1) safety harness (2) safety net life line (3) fall arrest system. Fall Prevention Fall prevention system is an arrangement for people from the risk of fall. For examples (1) guard rail system (2) fall restraint (3) hard barricading around the excavation area. What is anti-two block device?What is fire? Fire is a chemical reaction of fuel with required amount of heats, oxygen and during this reaction heat and lights produced. What is the element of fire? Elements of fire (1) Heat (2) Oxygen (3) Fuel. What is the fire extinguishing method? What is the principle of fire extinguishing? Starvation= to remove fuel from the place of fire. Smothering= to remove oxygen from the place of fire. Cooling= to remove heat from the place of fire. What is fire triangle? ‘The Fire Tangle Classification of fire and types of fire > Class A: Combustible materials Example= wood, paper, Rubber etc. > Class B: Flammable liquids Example= gasoline, diesel, paints, etc. > Class C: Flammable gases Example= hydrogen, butane, methane etc. » Class D: Combustible metals Example= magnesium, potassium, sodium etc. > Class E: electrical Equipment’s Example= computer, generators, etc. > Class F: Cooking oil Example= kitchen oil, fats ete.What is fire extinguisher? Fire extinguisher is a fire protection device. These extinguishers are highly useful to prevent a small fire becoming a big one. Types of fire extinguisher (1bar is equal to 14.5 psi) Pound per square inch Types Colors | Classes | Pressure | Finishing | Extinguis of uses time hers of iron gag water A 13to14 16to 18 bar Foam (AFFF) 13to14 16 to 18 Aqueous film bar 20 to 25 forming foam(Per second& and polyfiuoroalkyl Depend substance) of fire DCP = Dry chemical 13to14 | extinguis 16 to 18 powder ( Sodium bar her bicarbonate & Potassium bicarbonate) Co2= Carbon Black 55to 62 6tos Dioxide bar wet Yellow 13to14 16to 18 chemical(Potassium bar acetate & potassium citrate) How to use fire extinguisher? Pass Pull the pin Aim at the base of fire S= Squeeze the handle S= Sweep side to side Why carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguisher? Fire is caused by the three elements heat, oxygen and fuel. If one of the three elements is removed fire will stop. Carbon dioxide removes one element that is oxygen.How many types of firefighting equipment? Three types of firefighting equipment (1) Mobile Firefighting Equipment also known as a fire tender (1) SCBA equipment (2) Firefighting protective clothing (3) Fire hoses, Foam and Nozzle (4) Fire ladder (5) Male coupling (6) Female coupling (7) Generator (8) Lights. (2) Portable Firefighting equipment (1) Fire extinguisher (2) Fire bucket (3) Fire hoses (4) Fire resistance clothing/gloves (5) Respiratory system (SCBA) (6) Communication equipment’s. (3) Fixed Firefighting equipment (1) Fire sprinkler system (2) Fire hydrant (3) Fire alarms (4) Hose reel hose. How many types of fire panel? There are four basic types of fire panels (1) Coded panels (2) Conventional panels (3) Addressable panels (4) Multiplex system. How many types of fire pump? There are two types of pumps (1) Centrifugal pump (2) Positive displacement What is fire alarm system? A fire alarm system warns people when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire related emergencies are detected. How many types of fire alarm are there? There are several types of fire alarm, including ionization, photoelectric, heat and combination alarms. lonization Alarm= Detect fast burning fires with small smoke particles. Photoelectric Alarm= Detect slow burning fires with large smoke particles. Heat Alarm= Detect high temperatures and are often used in kitchens. Combination Alarm= Use both ionization and photoelectric sensors for comprehensive coverage. How many types of fire Detectors? There are three types of fire detectors (1) Smock detector (2) Heat detector (3) Flame detectorWhat is FM200? FM 200 fire suppression system is a fast acting clean agent fire suppression gas with a quickly suppresses the fire. What is the chemical name for FM200 gas? 1,1,1,2,3,3,3 Heptafluoropropane is the chemical name of FM 200 gas. It is also known as hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) 227ea. What is NFPA? National Fire Protection Association. How many colors are there in NFPA diamond? There are four colors in NFPA diamond (1) Yellow for reactivity (2)Red _forfire (3) Blue for health (4) White for specific hazard Hot work hazard and Precaution? Hot work hazard Ne hey ey Stason (1) Fire and Explosion (2) Electric shock (3) Eye injury (4) Burn injury (5) Noise (6) Vibration (7) Cuts injury (8) Sparks. Hot work precaution (1) Permit to work (2) Remove combustible material (3) Fire extinguisher (4) Fire blanket (5) Barricading taps (6) Train person (7) Use all necessary PPE etc. What is Fire watcher? A fire watcher is a worker trained and assigned to stay in the area of hot work and look for any evidence of an accidental fire. What is Hole watcher? Hole watcher is assigned outside the confined space, during any activity in the Confined space. How to inspection of fire extinguisher? (1) Types of fire extinguisher (2) check the gage (3) fire extinguisher body (4) Pin and seal (5) nozzle (6) expire date (7) location (8) access(OE Tht BEGINS WITH TEAMWORKWhat is sprinkler system? Fire sprinkler system is a fixed firefighting system. It is an automatic sensitive. Seven types of fire sprinkler system (1) Orange Glass Bulb ‘Temperature 57°C Degrees Celsius is equal to 134.6F (Fahrenheit) Ex= Living home and offices (2) Red Glass Bulb Temperature 68°C Degrees Celsius Is equal to 154.4F (Fahrenheit) Ex= Living home and offices (3) Yellow Glass Bulb Temperature 79°C Degrees Celsius is equal to 174.2F (Fahrenheit) Ex= commonly use in kitchen and small workshop (4) Green Glass Bulb Temperature 93°C Degrees Celsius is equal to 199.4F (Fahrenhi Ex= commonly use in kitchen, hotel and large workshop (5) Blue Glass Bulb Temperature 141°C Degrees Celsius is equal to 285.8F (Fahrenheit) Ex= commonly used in industry and chemical plant (6) Mauve Glass Bulb Temperature 182°C Degrees Celsius is equal to 359.6F (Fahrenheit) Ex= commonly used in oil industry and chemical plant (7) Black Glass Bulb Temperature 227 to 260°C Degrees Celsius is equal to 440.6 to SOOF (Fahrenheit) Ex= commonly used in oil refinery and metal molten for casting in different shapes & size ¥ S o¢ Ww =What is scaffolding? Itis a temporary platform constructed for supporting both men and materials and working safety at a construction site. Types of Scaffolding (1) Single scaffolding (2) Double scaffolding (3) Cantilever scaffolding (4) Suspended scaffolding (5) Trestle scaffolding (6) Steel scaffolding (7) Patented scaffolding (8) Mobile scaffolding. Scaffolding Components (1) Sole plate (2) Base plate (3) Standards (4) Ledgers (Running) (5) Kicker lift (Base lift) (6) Transoms (7) Bracing (8) Pipe (9) Toe board (10) Top Rail (11) Mid Rail (12) Self Closing Drop Bar (13) False Upright (14) Ladder (15) Status of Tag (16) Pulley (17) rope (18) Lifting bag (19) Barricading (20) Clamps or Coupler & types. Coupler Coupler is the most important equipment of scaffolding. Its use to connecting one pipe to another pipe structure. Types of coupler (1) Double Coupler (Right angle coupler) = Load capacity= 610kg (2) Swivel Coupler (Chalu clamp) = Load capacity=610Kg (3) Sleeve Coupler (Box Coupler) = Load Capacity=550kg (4) Ladder Coupler = Load capacity=550Kg (5) BRC Board (Retention coupler) (Plank Coupler) = Load capacity= S65Kg (6) Girder Coupler (Beam Coupler) = Load capacity=300kg (7) Put log coupler (single coupler) = Load Capacity=65Kg (8) Joint Pin use for connecting two tubes. Precaution of scaffolding (1) Protection from falls (Guard rails, Top rails, mid rails, Toe boards) (2) Use safety harness while working at above 6 feet (3) Never throw any materials from height (4) Clamps should fixed and good quality (5) check for rust in pipes / clamps Hazard of scaffolding (1) Scaffold collapse (2) incompetent scaffold (3) Falling of materials & tools (4) Electrical Wires (5) Poor Scaffolding Assembly (6) falling from elevation (7) Bad planking (8) Excavation near the scaffold etc.What is scaffolding tag system? Green Tage Scaffolding ready to use Yellow Tag= only train person can work Red Tag= Do not work any person What are sole boards? Sole boards prevent scaffolds sinking into soft surfaces by distributing the load over a larger surface area. (Size 300mmx300mmx6mm) What are soleplates? Soleplates prevent scaffolds sinking into soft surfaces by distributing the load over a larger surface area. (Size 300mmx300mmx6mm) What is bas plate? Base plates are used at the bottom of scaffold structures. They offer a secure and level base for the scaffolding to be erected from. (Size 150mmx150mmx6mm) What is Standards? Standards are perpendicular tubes that transfer the weight load to the baseplates. What is Ledgers? Ledgers are tubes that run horizontally along the length of the scaffold. What are transoms? Transoms are horizontal load-bearing scaffold components for supporting planks. What is bracing? Arigid connection that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another member, or to a building or structure. Types of bracing (1) Cross bracing (2) Knee bracing (3) Sway bracing (4) Plan bracingWhat is guard rail? A top rail mid rail and toe board is vertical upright to prevent fall of personal and of material from the scaffold platform. Height of the Top rail (38 to 45 inches) Height of the mid rail (19 to 23 inches) Height of the Toe board (6 inches) What is toe board? Toe board is sides and end of platform to guard against falling of material tools and other objects What is life line? Lifelines are a protection system to guarantee safety at heights for all those workers who are at risk of falling. Who can erect scaffolding? Acertified scaffold can erect scaffolding. Who can inspect the component used for erecting scaffolding? Competent person or certified scaffolding supervisor or scaffolding inspector. Who can place a scaffold tag? Competent person or certified scaffolding supervisor or scaffolding inspector. According to OSHA, only a trained and competent person can place a scaffold tag. A competent person is someone who has the knowledge, training, and experience to inspect and manage scaffolding. They should be able to solve problems related to the work, project, or subject matter. In which condition scaffolding cannot be erected? (1) Strong wind and rain (2) Ground not stable (3 PWT not available (5) Scaffold supervisor not available. How to inspect scaffold? (Length x Weight x Height) (1) Level and firmness of the ground (2) Sole plate (Lx W x H= 300x300x6mm) (3) Base Plate (Lx W x H= 150x150x6mm) (4) Standards and Ledgers or Transoms of good quality (5) Coupler is not losing (6) Height of the Toe board (6 inches) (150mm) etc.How to erect scaffolding? (1) It should be erected on levels firm ground (2) It erected by trained / skilled person (3) Itis constructed using metal pipes and wooden boards (4) Itshould be design and constructed from good and sound material (5) Not to be erected on loose earth (6) Clamps should fixed (7) Properly bracing (8) Sole plate is necessary the base of vertical pipe How to calculate scaffold save work load (SWL)? Formula Scaffold SWL= Dead Load + {4x Live Load} Dead load= Weight of scaffold components + Working platform Live load= Weight of worker + Material + Tools For example Dead load= Weight of scaffold components + Working platform = 200kg Live load= Weight of worker 70Kg + Material 2000kg + Tools 200Kg Scaffold SWL= Dead Load + {4x Live Load} 200+ (4x 70+2000+200) 200+ (4x 2270) 200+9080 9280Kg Divide of 1000 9280Kg/ 1000= 9.28 tons Hazards of mobile scaffold (1) Scaffold collapse (2) Accidental movement of mobile scaffold (3) Mobile scaffold toppling (4) Scaffold without unlocking the wheels (5) Scaffold with worker standing on the platform Precaution of mobile scaffold (1) Check green tag on the scaffold (2) Do not move mobile scaffold while person is standing on it. (3) Do not move mobile scaffold with locked wheel (4) Do not over reach out of the platform (5) Unlock the wheels before moving the scaffold What is the maximum wind speed for scaffolding? 25 mph (miles per hour)What is excavation? Excavation is defined as ground breaking or making trench in ground is called as excavation. Types of excavatior (1) Manual excavation means earth remove by parson (2) Mechanical excavation Types of Mechanical excavation (1)Shoring (2) stepping or benching (3) Sloping (4) Sheet Pilling Precaution of Excavation (1) Permit to work (2) Underground utility scanning (3) Gas testing (4) Hard barricade & sing board (5) Drawing and surface marking of underground utility (6) Keep the excavated soil at least 5 feet distance etc. Hazards of Excavation (1)Fall of person / martial / tools in the excavation (2) Falling of removed soil (3) Water accumulation in the excavation (4) Nearby structure and their condition (5) Underground utilities (6) Collapsing of excavation wall cave-in etc.eT a dd There are three s of si Types A compacted soil with compressive strength = 1.5 ton/[Link] Maintain = 53 slope angle degrees Precaution = minor benching Types B compressive strength = 0.5 ton/[Link] to 1.5 ton/[Link] Maintain = 45 slope angle degrees Precaution = benching or sloping or combination of both — =p |Types C unstable, compressive strength = less than 0.5 ton/[Link] Maintain = 34 slope angle degrees Precaution = combination of benching/sloping/ shoring and sometime Sheet pilling.Stable Rock = Maintain = 90 slope angle degrees What is trench? Along narrow excavation is called trench. Such as lying pipes, electrical cables, telephone wires and sewage lines. 15 feet, 4 meter per OSHAWhat is Crane? A tall machine used for moving heavy objects by suspending them from a projecting arm with hook. Two types of crane static crane and mobile crane. (1)Static cranes: Static cranes are used mostly for long-term construction projects or intended to be permanently installed on a jobsite. Tower Crane Gantry crane Floating Crane 2°€ a(2) Mobile cranes: A mobile crane is used for moving heavy objects over short distances. They are also used by construction and manufacturing companies. Truck mounted All terrain cranes Hydra-Crane (pick & carry) EXCAVATORHow to calculate crane capacity? For example we have a crane. Crane capacity is 65 tones Material weight is 8 tones Boom length 28 meter (crane operator have a flowchart and he will open the Length of the boom according to the weight.) Hook weight is 4 tones For example= Crane radius is 8 meter (from the flow chart we know how secure the workload and we found out how much weight we could lift from the boom length) and that is SWL=15.5 tones Crane capacity formula = Hook+ Material Weight X100 SWL = 4+8 X100 15.5 =12X100 15.5 = 0.774X100 = 77.41 tones Main load line — Parts of Tower Crane | Main winch and motors Counterweignt Tumtable RSWhat are the parts of crane? (1) Boom (2) Hock (3) Sling (4) Shackle (5) Anti two block device (6) Outer rigger (7) Auxiliary hoist (8) Pulley (9) Web sling (10) LMI (load movement indicator) etc. COMMON CRANE HOOK TYPES oa eat i Anti-Two Block Switch Wire Rope Sting Chain Sting Web Sting RS What is PWASS? (Proximately warning alarm system) This system automatically gives alarm when anybody comes in touch within 5 meter.What is lifting? Aifting operation is an operation concerned with the lifting and lowering of a 2 Heavy lifting = More than 20 tones 3 Critical lifting = Using crane capacity above 80% of save working load (3-1) Tandem lifting (using 2 Crane for lift), (3-2) lifting over live facilities Precaution of ing (1) Permit to work (2) Lifting Plane (3) Daily inspections (4) Barricading & sing boards. (5) Do not stand under the suspended load Hazard of lifting (1) Suspended load (2) crane collapse (3) Fall of load (4) improper signaling (5) Improper rigging (6) Uncontrolled movement of load etc. What is lifting plan? Alifting plan provides a systematic approach towards planning a lift and ensures that the lifting operation is properly managed. What is the wind speed limit during lifting or rigging? 32 mph (miles per hour) if the winds speed above this lifting will be stop.What is work at height? Work at height means work in any place if there were no precaution in any place, a personcould fall a distance liable to cause person injury. Precaution of Work at height (1) Permit to work (2) full body harness with 2 lanyard (3) Tool lanyard for tools (3) Working platform shall be inspected and tag shall be available (4) Do not unwanted material at height etc. Hazard of work at height (1) Fall of person (2) Work above ground floor level without harness (3) Weather (4) Fall of material and equipment (5) Unwanted or loose material (5) Poorly maintained access etc. What is the maximum wind speed for working at height? 23mph (miles per hour) Question : What Is Work At Height? (/7¢. Answer: DD) Any work above 2 meters from the ground is caused work at height smen ASL See 3isi 22 (A) (ern) 1 meter = 3 Foot 3.37 Inches safety harness is mandatory for 2 meter heightWhat is Electricity? Electricity is the flow of energy from one place to another place. Source of power: generating station. Precaution of electrical work (1) Cable should not have any joints (2) Only connection for one point (3) Good housekeeping on the area (4) Use all necessary PPE (5) Circuit breakers (6) Use good quality of wire (6) Power isolation close to the job (8) Lockout & Tag out (9) Fire extinguisher (10) use rubber mats etc. Hazards of electrical work (1) Overhead power lines (2) Damaged power tools and equipment (3) Electric current (4) inadequate wiring (5) overloaded circuits (6) Exposed electrical parts (7) Ungrounded electrical systems and tools (8) Damaged insulation (9) all hazards are made worse in wet condition (10) Using the wrong PPE and tools etc What is loto? It means Log out and Tag out. It is the physical restraint of all hazardous energy sources the supply power to a piece of equipment, machinery or system. Log out and Tag out also includes applying a warning tag on the physical restraint device. Eight steps of loto safety (1) Notify affected employees (2) Identify procedure and hazards (3) Shut down (4) isolate machine from energy source (5) Apply log out and tag out (6) Check stored energy (7) verify isolation (7) Bring equipment back on line What is the purpose of loto? The purpose of loto is to prevent injury to servicing and/or maintenance employees due to the unexpected energization or startup of machines, equipment or process or the release of stored energy. What is ELCB and why it is used? (Earth leakage circuit breakers) The earth leakage circuit breakers are used in applications to prevent electrical shock and electrical fires that are caused by a short circuit or overload in the control panel with an automatic shut off when leakage is detectedBasic Workplace Safety 6= Health (WSH) Rules 6° ‘Safe Use of Ladders eoWhat is sand blasting? The process of removing rust dust, dirt, scales and old prints from the old surface using compressed air is called sand blasting. Precaution of sand blasting (1) Compressed airline, hoses and other fitting must installment firmly without leaks the hose. (2) Misuse compress are should be avoided (3) A fresh air hood or mask must be worn (4) Housekeeping can be done periodically (5) Fire extinguish shall be kept nearby (6) Dust mask ear plugs / muffs should be used (7) No sand blasting shall be done on top of floating roof tank in service. (8) Use goggles and face shield (9) Sand blasting operation must be gas free etc. What is manual handing? The process of lifting, carrying and stacking materials by men is called manual handing. Precaution of manual handing (1) Stand at safe distance from the load (2) Secure your grip (3) Proper PPE should be used (4) Good housekeeping (5) Ifa lode is heavy for a person then he has to need assistance etc. Hazard of manual handing (1) Cutting fingers due to sharp edges (2) Burns due to handing of hot articles (3) Foot injuries due to dropped articles (4) Strains to wrist or fingers (5) Slipped disc due to improper posture in lifting on object (6) Sprains, wounds hernias, fracture etc. What Cause of accidents in manual handling? (1) Improper lifting (2) Carrying too heavy loads (3) improper gripping (4) Failure to use PPE (5) Lifting greasy, oily and irregular objects (6) Poor physique. Which Tips are necessary for manuals handling? (1) Plan (2) Clear the path (3) Move in close to the load (4) Secure your grip (5) Hold your head upright (6) Maintain normal curves of the spine (7) Power the lift with legs and body weight (8) don’t twist.What are the hazards in construction? (1) Fall of person from top and getting injured (2) Fall of materials from top and damaged (3) Fall of objects from top and below person injury (4) Collapse of scaffolding and person fall from height, get injury (5) Person fall into excavated pit (6) Fire and explosion (7) Electrical shock (8) Health and lung problems (9) Snakes bite (10) Poisonous gas etc. Safety precautions in construction (1) First aid equipment should be kept ready (2) Firefighting equipment should be available (3) Allgeneral electrical rules should be followed (4) Lighting arrangements at night work (5) Work men at height should be wear safety belts (6) Excavated material should not kept near the excavated (7) Use all necessary PPE etc. What types of cause of accident in construction? (2) Falling of persons from height (2) Electrical shocks (3) improper lighting (4) Nonstop working by worker (5) up safe work methods (6) Collapsing of earth during trench excavation (7) Failure of use safety equipment (8) Working a height without safety belt What is inspection? Inspection means to find out hazards according to checklist prepared with reference to the department operations by the people who are familiar with the plant. Plant safety inspection by whom? (1) By Safety officer (2) By electrical manager (3) By senior management personnel (4) by supervisor (5) By maintenance engineers (6) by workers (7) By safety committee (8) by statutory authorities. How many types of inspection? Five types of inspection (1) Continuous inspection (2) Periodical Inspection (3) Intermittent inspection (4) Statutory inspection (5) Special inspectionWhat is accident? Any unplanned event that results in injury of people, or damage loss to Property, Materials and environment is called accident. How to investigate an accident? (1) Injured person’s name (2) address (3) designation age (4) Exact place and types of hazards (5) Date, shift, time (6) To find out the causes/ reasons (7) to take correction action (8) Fact finding not fault finding. How to report an accident? (4) Date and time (2) Activity (3) What happened (4) Person involved (5) What went wrong (6) Causes (7) Corrective action suggested (8) Signature (9) Safety officer (10) Safety in charge. Write causes of accidents? Direct cause Unsafe act and unsafe condition. Unsafe act Unsafe act is an act performs by a person who is not safe for himself or people surrounding him. Examples (1) Personal protective equipment (2) Using improper methods (3) Operating without authority (4) over confidence (5) Taking shortcut (6) Showing off (7) Improper attitude (8) Lack of knowledge Unsafe condition Unsafe condition is a hazardous work area where carrying a work is not safe. Examples (1) Poor Housekeeping (2) Oxygen Deficiency (3) Improperly guarded machinery (4) loose electrical connections (5) Poor ventilation (6) improper stacking of materials (7) Damaged Tools (8) Oil on floor (9) Excessive noise (10) Inadequate warning system. Indirect Cause (1) Lack of knowledge or skill (2) improper attitude (3) Physical or mental deficiencyWhat is incident? An incidents an unplanned undesired event that adversely affects completion of a task. Types of incident (1) Near Miss (2) Unsafe Acts (3) Workplace Hazards (4) Minor Injury (5) Lost Time Accident (6) Security Incident (7) Fire Incident (8) Fatalities. What is near miss? Anear miss is a safety incident that did not result in injury illness or death but had the potential to do. Example = A worker slips while carrying a heavy load but manages tocatch themselves before falling.What is hydrogen sulfide? Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula is H2S. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, flammable, extremely hazardous gas with a “rot- ten egg” smell. Different names of H2S (1) Hydrogen sulfide (2) Stink damp (3) Sour gas (4) Hydro sulfuric acid Precaution of H2S (1) H2S training (2) Personal H2S gas monitor (3) H2s alarms (4) EEBA (Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus) (5) Windsock (6) EER (Emergency Escape Route (7) EEP (Emergency Evacuation Plan (8) EST (Emergency Stand by Vehicle etc. Hazards of H2S (1) Irritation to the eyes (2) Respiratory irritation (3) Dizziness (4) Headache (5) Abdominal pain (6) Loss of consciousness (7) Brain damage possible (8) Death etc. Physical properties or characteristic of H2S (1) Highly toxic, Poisonous gas (2) Colorless (3) Soluble in water (4) Rotten eggs smell (5) Explosive range by volume in the air 4.3% to 46% (6) Auto ignition temperature is 260 C (500 F) (7) Vapor density 1.2 times heavier then air (8) Burns with a blue flame producing sulfur dioxide which is another toxic gas (9) Highly corrosive to certain metals Devices to Identify H2S at site (1) Fixed Detectors (2) Personal monitors (3) Multi Gas Detectors (4) Wireless Detectors How to evacuate in case of H2S leak? (1) Stop the work activity (2) Stop the equipment if possible. (3) Look at the windsock for wind direction (4) Go cross wind until the H2S alarm stopped ringing then go up wind to the assembly point (5) Do a head count? (6) Inform emergency contact number about the H2S leak and evacuation (7) tf anyone is missing in the head count inform the emergency contact number to send a rescue team.Treatment of personal affected by H2S Positive pressure breathing apparatus must be worn by any persons attempting a rescue. The victim must be immediately moved to fresh air, possibly in the up wind direction of the gas leak. The rescuer must be outside the contaminated area before removing his personal BA set. Call for medical help as soon as possible. Personal gas monitor is how many types of Gas Testing? Using a 4 gas monitor can protect your workers in any environment (1) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) = Below 10 PPM (2) Oxygen (02) = Level (19.5% to 22.5%) (3) Carbon Monoxide (CO) = (LEL 12.4% and UEL 74.4%) (4) LEL (Lower explosive limit) = (Less than 5% for the hydrogen) What are LEL and UEL? LEL = Lower explosive limit The minimum concentration of a particular combustible gas or vapor necessary to support its combustion in air is defined as the LEL for that gas. UEL = Upper explosive limit The maximum concentration of a particular combustible gas or vapor that will burn in air is defined as the LEL. Explosive Range (Lower and Upper) for different gas LEL UEL Ammonia (NH3) 15% 28% Carbon Monoxide (CO) 12.4% 74.4% Hydrogen (H) 4% 75%What are TLV, TWA, STEL, and IDLH? TLV = Threshold Limit Value The threshold limit value (TLV) is defined as the concentration in air that may be breathed in without harmful effects for five consecutive day eight-hour working per days and 40-hour per week. TWA = Time Weighted Average If the concentration of H2S is less than 10 ppm (parts per million) you can work in such an environment although you should wear a respirator mask and 8 hrs. Per day without any adverse effect. STEL = Short Term Exposure Limit If the concentration is 15 ppm (parts per million) you should not be there longer than 15 minutes. IDLH = Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health. At 100 ppm (parts per million) h2s can kill you or permanently damage your health. You cannot enter such an atmosphere unless you are wearing SCBA and accompanied by a trained standby person Explosive Range (TLV — TWA — STEL — IDLH) for different gas TLV STEL _IDLH Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 10 15 100 Sulfur Dioxide (S02) 2 5 100 Ammonia (NH3) 25, 35-300 Chlorine (CL2) 0.5 1 10 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 25 50 1200 What is OEL? Occupational Exposure Limit The maximum allow able concentration of airborne contaminants to which a person may be exposed for certain reference timeWhat are the hazards in chemical safety? (1) Danger due to fire/ explosion (2) Danger due to toxicity Whatare the hazards in petroleum industry? (4) Fire (2) Explosion (3) General hazards (4) Frostbite. How to control the petroleum hazards? (1) Proper design, operation and maintenance (2) Avoid leakage (3) Steel pressure cylinder (4) Vapor release is to be directed away from heat sources (5) Wear goggles and SCBA sets. How to control the chemical hazards? The chemical hazards are control by engineering method, administrative method and PPE.What is risk? Systematic procedure to clarify probability of accident and incident is called Risk What is risk assessment? A risk assessment is a process to identify potential hazards and analyze what could happen if a hazard occurs. Five steps of risk assessment (1) Identify the hazards (2) Identify the people who might be harmed and how (3) Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions (4) Record the significant findings and implement them (5) Review and update as necessary (1) Identify the hazards (1) Workplace inspection (2) Non inspection techniques (3) Near miss reports (4) Accidents (5) Examination of documents (6) Combined techniques (audit result is called combined techniques) (2) Identify the people who might be harmed and how (1) Employees (2) Young persons (3) Trainees (4) Visitors (5) Cleaners (6) Contractors (7) Members of public (3) Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions (1) Consider that each hazard could cause harm determine whether you have need to do more to reduce the risk or not. (2) Even after all precautions have been taken, some risk usually remains. (3) What you have to decide for each significant hazard is whether this remaining risk is high, medium or low. (4) To do this we can use the probability and severity matrix. Risk level= Probability x Severity Risk level= Probability (chance of accident) X Severity (Result of accident) (4) Record the significant findings and implement them (1) The number of people affected (2) The adequacy of existing controls (3) Any further precautions necessary (5) Review and update as necessary (1) Accidents/Incidents (2) Changes in materials (3) Change in legislation (4) Changes in processes (5) Change in premises (6) Changes in work patterns (7) Compensation claims (8) Enforcement action (9) Policy review.Types of risk assessment (1) Qualitative risk assessment (2) Quantitative risk assessment (3) Generic rick assessment (4) Site-Specific risk assessment (5) Dynamic risk assessment What is JSA/JHA? Job safety analysis (JSA) and Job hazard analysis (JHA) both are same defines and controls the hazards of processes, jobs, and procedures. JSAs are systematic examinations and documentation of every task within jobs to. identify hazards and how to control tasks. What are the steps of JSA? Four steps of JSA (1) Select the job. (2) Break the jobs into steps. (3) Identify the hazards of each step. (4) Find & decide the control measures. What are advantages of JSA? (1) Ithelps to identify hazards and prevent accident (2) Ithelps to establish safe work method, working conditions and suitable plant safetyrules (3) Ithelps to assess the safety training four heading can be used for JSA. (4) Ithelps to inspection the plant. What is the difference between JSA and Risk Assessments? Risk assessment access safety hazards across the entire workplace and are oftentimes accompanied with a risk matrix to prioritize hazard & controls Whereas a JSA focuses on job specific risks and is typically performed for a single task, assessing each step of the job. What is TRA? (Task risk assessment) TRA is identifying the hazard and controlling it risk with the help of assessment matrix. What is risk assessment and risk management? Risk assessment Arisk assessment is a process to identify potential hazards and analyze what could happen if a hazard occurs. Risk management Risk management is a formal process for identifying hazards, evaluating and analyzing risk associated with those hazards then taking action to eliminate the hazards and risk management is a critical step in any organizations efforts to proactively mitigate risk before an injury occurs.How to control risk? Also known as What is hierarchy of control? The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. Hierarchy of control has five type: (1) Elimination = physically removes the hazard For Example (1) The noise level of the machinery in the work place is very high now we move this noise to a soundproof room. (2) Workplace machinery parts are got damage and workers are working so it is. dangerous now we are Replace a damage parts of machine. (2) Substitution = Replace the hazard For Example (1) Replacing manual handing to a trolley and tractor. (2) Conversion of high voltage machinery to low voltage machinery for example welding machine or grinding machine. (3) Replacing a highly toxic solvent like benzene with a less harmful one, such as toluene or water-based solvents, in a manufacturing process. (3) Engineering controls = solate people from the hazard For Example (1) Guardrail system (2) Machine guards (3) Designing soundproof room to high noise levels (4) Administrative controls = change the way people work For Example (1) Procedures, such as equipment inspections, planned preventive maintenance, checklists, lockout/tag out control practices, changing work schedules. (2) Regular safety training for employees to ensure they are aware of potential hazards for example permit-required confined space entry, lockout/tag out and safe work procedures. (3) Warnings, such as signs, backup alarms, smoke detectors, computer messages, mirrors, horns, labels, and instructions(5) Personal protective equipment (PPE) For Example (1) Wearing safety helmets, gloves, and goggles when working with chemicals or in construction. (2) Using hearing protection in noisy environments like factories or concert venues. (3) Wearing respirators when working in environments with airborne contaminants, such as in welding or painting. Hierarchy of Controls \tme Gay : w= Vv" What is HIRA? (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) HIRA isa process for identifying and evaluating hazards in a workplace to help Ensure the health and safety of employee’s customers, and visitors The three steps of HIRA (1) Hazard Identification = Identify potential hazards that could lead to injuries, fatalities, or other damage (2) Risk Assessment = Evaluate the risks associated with the hazards (3) Risk Control = Implement control measures to reduce or eliminate the risksWhat is work method statement (WMS) is also known as Safe work method statement (SWMS)? WMS is prepared for each task on a particular worksite, WMS typically submitted at the beginning of a project for approval by the client or their representative. What is the use of work method statement (WMS)? (1) To Plan and execute the work easily and safely, (2) Italso helps to know the codes and standards used for each activity. What is the content in WMS? (1) Scope (2) Purposes (3) Definitions (4) References (5) Equipment (6) Materials (7) PPE (8) Safety (9) Safety Procedure (10) Inspection & Testing (11) Attachments (12.1) Forms (12.2) Documents (12.3) Records (12) Responsibilities (12.1) Project Manager (12.2) Construction Manager (12.3) HSE Manager (12.4) Safety Officer (12.5) Project Site Engineer (12.6) Site Supervisor/Foreman What are MSDS and SDS? (Material Safety Data Sheet) is also known as a SDS (Safety Data Sheet) MSDS is a document that contains information on the potential hazards and how to work safely with the chemical or hazardous substance. Who prepare MSDS? The manufacturer, supplier, or importer of a hazardous chemical is responsible for preparing a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). MSDS 16 sections section (1) Identification Section (2) Hazard(s) identification Section (3) Composition/information on ingredientsNn (4) First-aid measures Section (5) Fire-fighting measures Section (6) Accidental release measures Section (7) Handling and storage Section (8) Exposure controls/Personal protection Section (9) Physical and chemical properties Se IN (10) Stability and reactivity Section (11) Toxicological information Section (12) Ecological information Section (13) Disposal considerations Section (14) Transportation information WHMIS 2015 (15) Regulatory information 2 vatvous euioe Section (16) other informationWhat is SCBA? (Self- contained breathing apparatus) SCBA is typically used by fire fighters or hazmat unit. Consume Calculation If you wear SCBA and take science for one minute so how much you need air so we need that 1.5 cubic feet. 1 minute = 1.5 cubic feet (1.5 cubic feet is equal to 42.4 liters) 30 minutes = 1.5x30=45 cubic feet Ifa cylinder have 45 cubic feet in air so we can use to 30 minutes. The breathing apparatus is fitted with a pressure gauge as much as the pressure is showing in it means hoe much in the volume of air. For example 100 bar= It means you can work on 15 minutes. (1bar is equal to 14.5 psi) 200 bar= It means you can work on 30 minutes. (Pound per square inch) 300 bar= It means you can work on 45 minutes. Duration in minutes= (PxV)/40 ylinder Pressure = Volume of Cylinder 40= One person consume air 40 liters in one minute. (How does the minute come at 40 liters?) Aman take breath in one minute 16 times and every breath contain 2.5 liters of air. (16x2.5= 40 liters) For example=if we have 6 liter SCBA cylinder and pressure gauge is 300 bars so how we can calculate time. Duration in minutes=(PxV)/40 300x6=1800/40 = 45 minutes We cannot use 45 minutes because we also have to go back that’s why we cut time. What is the difference between SCBA and SCUBA? SCBA (Self- contained breathing apparatus) SCUBA (Self- contained under water breathing apparatus) SCBA= SCBA is typically used by fire fighters or hazmat unit. SCUBA= SCUBA is very similar to SCBA but it is used under water. SCUBA= SCUBA gear is designed to operate under much higher pressure. SCBA= SCBA is not designed that way. SCBA= SCBA tanks are a lot lighter because of the amount of gear that a firefighter has to carry. SCUBA= SCUBA actually wants a little bit of extra weight to help you go down. SCBA= SCBA breathing apparatus should be inspected periodically. Normally once in a month check again after one time used. SCUBA=Follow same process in SCBA as well.Different types of breathing apparatus There are three main types of breathing apparatus (1) EEBA (Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus) EEBA is designed to save the life of a worker when a hazardous area becomes life threatening. It is supply of breathing air for a limited time, enabling the wearer to exit the environments safely. Oxygen that fed into a hood or a face mask usually for between 10 and 15 minutes. (2) SCBA (Self- contained breathing apparatus) SCBA is typically used by fire fighters or hazmat unit. (3) Airline or Long Duration Breathing Apparatus Airline or long duration breathing apparatus is designed for a long duration of safe breathing air. An airline breathing apparatus up to 100 meters which is usually attached to a full face mask allowing the user to move almost freely. Three main components of SCBA (1)Air cylinder (2) Back plate to hold the cylinder (3) Face mask What is confined space? Confined Space is also has a limited or restricted means for entry or exit and is not designed for continuous occupancy is called confined space. Example = Tanks, Pipelines, Manholes, Silos, Boilers, Deep excavation 1.2 meter etc. Precaution of confined space (1)Permit to work (2) Proper illumination (24V lights) (3) First aid (4) Stretcher (5) Regular communication with the entrants (6) Barricading and sing boards (7) fire extinguisher (8) Fire Watcher (9) Gas testing etc. Hazard of confined space (4)Lighting (2) Heat (3) oxygen (4) Dust (5) Toxic gases (6) Vomiting etc. Why we use 24 volt supply in confined space? If the confined space is dry and cool (cool enough that workers won't sweat), 24VAC lighting is allowing. If the confined space has humid air and is hot, 12VAC lighting is required. But with lower voltage comes lower efficiency. Name of hazardous job in a confined space? (1)Welding (2) Grinding (3) Gas cutting (4) Chemical cleaning.Procedure for entering into confined space (1) Permit to work. (2) Tool box meeting must be conducted for entering into confined space. (3) The safety attendant stands the entrance to maintain the communication with employees working inside. (4) Safety attendant must be trained and authorized to use gas testing equipment. (5) Maximum of 24 volts lighting should be used in confined space. (6) Emergency rescue team should be available and it’s depending on the situation. (7) If an emergency occurs within the confined space, the attendant must not enter it until rescue team arrived, (8) Barricade the area with warning sign board. What circumstance a work permit can be issued? Before entry into confined space you have to make sure (1) Permit to work (2) Gas testing (3) Isolate the space (4) Provide ventilation (5) Conduct TBT (Activity its hazards and Precaution) (6) use all necessary PPE (7) Entry into Confined Space. What are the duties of confined space entry attendant? Responsibilities of confined space entry attendant (1) Attendant may not abandon his post for any reason while personnel. (2) To monitor atmospheric conditions in the confined space prior to and during entry. (3) Control the access to the confined space. (4) To assign emergency assistance as needed. (5) To assess hazards in and around the confined space and take action on the same. (6) Keep records of confined space work. Responsibilities of entrant (1) Assure that the confined space has been adequately ventilated and isolated. (2) Immediately exit the confined space if have any problem. (3) Follow all safety rules and procedures that apply to the job. (4) Must be familiar with the work to be performed to the job. (5) Use the appropriate PPE whenever necessary. Responsibilities of supervisor (1) Provide to the entrants by verifying adequate loto that all hazards are isolated. (2) Support the attendant to controlling access to a confined space. (3) To assure that all personnel involved are aware of the hazard associated with the confined space. (4) To assure the entrant that rescue services are available prior to entry.(OE Tht BEGINS WITH TEAMWORKWhat is gas cutting? The process of joining of cutting metals by using oxygen and combustible gas is called gas cutting. Precaution of Gas cutting (1) Permit to work (2) Remove combustible material (3) Fire extinguisher (4) Barricading tap (5) Train person (6) Use all necessary PPE (7) Gas cutting torch should have flash arrestors (8) Gas testing etc. Hazard of Gas cutting (1) Fire and explosion (2) Leakage of gas (3) Back fire and flash back fire (4) Body burn (5) Eyes injury (6) Lighted blow pipe (Torch) etc.Gas Cutting Set Inspection Check Company Name= Date of Inspection= Make= Model= Number= Owned/Hired/Contractor= Details Comments Cylinder should always be kept in trolley. Always keep cylinder in upright position and secured, Always ensure valve protection cap with it. Regulator should be of standard and free from defect. Pressure gauge should be in good condition, without any defect. Hose pipe is in good condition and color coded as per standard. Joint should be tight enough and without any defect. Must use Industrial clip for fitting. Flash back arrestor should be provided at both ends (At cylinder pressure gauge and at torch hose pipe). Proper PPE should be used while use for e.g., Safety Goggles, Leather Apron, Leather hand gloves, etc. Torch should be in good condition, without any defect. First Aid Kit and Fire Extinguisher should be available at work place. Provide booth if required. Refer image in box for ideal Gas Cutting Station. Competent person only should carry out gas cutting work. Fit for usage No Yes Inspection Done By Reviewed by = Name Name. Dept. & Designation : Dept. & Designation : Sign with date ‘Sign with dateWhat is grinding? Grinder is a portable machine with a wheel guard in position to reduce the danger. Precaution of grinding (2)All the grinding M/c’s shall be used with wheel guard (2) Grinding cables shall not mingle with welding cables (3) All the cables shall be protected from damage (4) Provide face shield with safety helmet (5) Never use fracture wheel (6) Excessive fighting of maintaining is dangerous (7) Only skill person should be handle this work (8) Testing of wheel is necessaryPortable Grinder Inspection Check’ Company Name: Date of Inspection= Equipment Make= Equipment Model= Equipment Number= Owned/Hired/Contractor= Portable Grinder Inspection Checklist Details Comments Grinder should be physically sound and in working condition. Cable should be damage free and always use industrial plug to take power connection. Capacity of Motor should be marked clearly or refer manual. Dead man switch should be in working condition. Flexible cord should be provided to prevent cable damage. Handle should be provided for better control. Wheel guard should be installed with grinder. Gap between guard and wheel should not be more than 3mm. Grinding/cutting wheel should free from defect and rotating capacity should be marked. Machine should be double insulated or grounded by proper means. Must use designated key for removing and changing wheel Machine must be operated by competent and experienced person. RPM of wheel should be more than RPM of motor. Fit for usage: Yes No Inspection Done By: Reviewed by : Name: Name: Dept. & Designation : Dept. & Designation : Sign with date : Sign with dateWhat is welding? The process of joining of metals either by electrical or by gas is called welding. Precaution of Welding (1) Permit to work (2) Remove combustible material (3) Fire extinguisher (4) All welding cables should be fully insulted (5) Barricading taps (6) Train person (7) Use all necessary PPE (8) Welding area should be dry and free from water etc. Hazard of Welding (1) Electric shock (2) Fire and Explosion (3) Dust and Fumes (4) Eye injury (5) Burn injury (6) Radiation (7) Noise and Vibration etc.Welding Machine Inspection Checkli Company Name Date of Inspection= Equipment Make= Equipment Model= Equipment Number= Owned/Hired/Contractor= Welding Machine Inspection Checklist Details Comments ‘Welding machine should be physically sound and in working condition, ‘Switches should be free from damage and properly insulated Welding and return led connection should be properly tight by Means of socket/lugs. ‘Welding and return led should be free from damage for eg. Cut, Open, too many joints, etc ‘Welding holder should be in good condition without any metal contact. Earthing holder should be in good condition and free from rust. Welding machine should be grounded properly. Make suitable fire extinguisher at work place. Make fire retardant material available at work place. Provide welding booth or proper work station whenever required. ‘Welding work to be carried out by experience and competent person. ‘All Cable should be damage free and always use industrial plug to take power connection. Fit for usage: Yes No| Inspection Done By Reviewed by : Name Name: Dept. & Designation : Dept. & Designation : Sign with date : Sign with date :