DEFINITIONS :
1. Vibration : Vibration can be defined as to and fro motion of
an object about its mean position. This to and fro motion is
called oscillation
2. Audible sound: Sound which is audible to humans referred as
audible sound
3. Inaudible sound: Sound which is not audible to humans is
referred to as in audible sound
4. Infrasonic sounds :Sounds with frequency less than 20Hz are
called infrasonic sound
5. Ultrasonic sound:Sound with frequency of more than
20000Hz is called ultrasonic sound
6. Echo :It is defined as repetition of sound due to reflection.
7. Reverberation : It is the phenomenon of the persistence of
sound after it has been stopped due to multiple reflections
from the surfaces, such as furniture, people, air, etc within a
closed surface. This is known as reverberation.
8. Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) Device that helps
navigator find the depth of an Ocean or position of a
submarine.
9. Music: It is a sound that has regular patterns of waves.
10. Noise: it is an unwanted irritating and unpleasant sound.
SHORT QUESTION AND ANSWER
Q.1 Define sound. How it is produced?
Ans Sound is a continuous disturbance that can produce sensation of
hearing in the human ear. The disturbances are also called vibrations.
Vibrations travel in a wave-like motion. All sounds are produced by the
vibration of one or more parts of an object.
Q.2 Define the following
1. Amplitude – The maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its
mean position on either side is called its amplitude.
2. Frequency-The number of oscillations per second is called frequency
(f) of a vibrating body.
[Link] period: The time taken by a vibrating body to complete one
oscillation is called its time period (T)
Q.3 What produces sound when we blow air into an empty glass.
Ans. An empty glass contains air. This air inside the glass vibrates
producing sound when we blow air into the glass.
Q.4 What is a sound wave?
Ans. When an object vibrates, it disturbs the air around it. The
molecules of air in contact with the object begin to vibrate. They
gain some energy in the process. These molecules, in turn
transfer their energy to molecules close to them, causing them
to vibrate. And a chain reaction starts. This is a sound wave.
Q5. Sound travels fastest in which medium and why?
Ans. The speed of sound is the fastest in solids and slowest in air.
The reason is that molecules in solids are quite densely packed
and therefore carry sound fastest.
The speed of sound is the fastest in solids and slowest in air .The
reason is that molecules in solids are quite densely packed and
therefore carry sound fastest.
Q.6 What is pitch of a sound ? List the factors on which it
depends.
[Link] shrilllness of a sound is known as its pitch. Sound waves
with high frequency produce sounds of high pitch and those with
low frequency have low pitch.
Factors affecting pitch are.
[Link]. the size of an instrument affects the pitch of the notes
that can be played on it. The longer is the string, the lower is the
pitch.
2. Thickness. Thin string produce notes of higher pitch then thick
strings.
3. Volume of air or liquid [Link] the greater the volume of
air or liquid the lower is not produced.
Q.7 What is noise pollution ? What are its harmful effects. ?
ANS Unpleasant sounds are called noise. Presence of this
unwanted noise in the environment is called noise pollution.
Noise pollution can damage the ears cause tiredness and lead to
loss of concentration. It may even result in sickness and
temporary deafness.
LONG ANSWERS
[Link] the structure of human ear. How does it help us to
hear?
The human ear has different parts and they al play important
roles in hearing
OUTER EAR : The part seen outside is called pinna. A tightly
stretched membrane called eardrum separated the outer ear
from the middle ear. The eardrum vibrates whenever sound
waves reach it.
MIDDLE EAR : It consists of three small bones which transmit the
vibrations of sound to the inner ear.
INNER EAR : Inner ear consist of cochlea .They receive sound
vibrations and then send a message to the brain via auditory
nerve.
Sound enters through pinna and travels inside the ear canal to
reach the eardrum. It makes the eardrum vibrate. These
vibrations carry the sound waves through the middle ear where
the bones amplify the sound which is further carried to the inner
[Link] sounds waves are perceived in cochlea and converted
into electrical signals before being sent to the brain through
auditory nerve.
Q.2 List the three characteristics of sound . Write a short note
on each.
Ans: The three characteristics of sound are Loudness, Pitch,
Quaity.
Loudness : A sound becomes louder when more and more sound
energy enters our ears per second than before. This will happen
when the sources vibrates with larger amplitude. For example,
when guitar string is bowed more strongly, its amplitude of
vibration increases as that of the resulting sound wave .The note
heard is louder because more energy has been used to produce
it. The loudness of sound can be expressed in decibels (Db)
Pitch: The shrillness of a sound is known as its pitch .Sound waves
with high frequency produce sounds of high pitch , and htose
with low frequency have low pitch. The pitch of sound depends
on how quickly the waves vibrate.
Quality : Quality or timber is that characteristics of sound which
enables us to distinguish between two sounds of same pitch and
same loudness. Two sounds produced by different musical
instruments like violin, sitar etc, can be distinguished from one
another because sound produced by them differ in quality. The
quality of sound depends on the part of the instrument or body
that is vibrating to produce sound.
Q.3 Differentiate between stringed and percussion instruments
Stringed instruments Percussion instruments
The musical instruments that The musical instruments
produce sound due to the that produce sound on
vibrations in their stretched being beaten , shaken or
strings or wires are called scraped are called
stringed instruments . percussion instruments.
These instruments
usually have tight skin
which vibrates on being
beaten. These vibrations
make air inside the
instrument to vibrate
and thus sound is
produced.
Example Violin, guitar , sitar Examples Drums, Tabla,
Competency question and answer
(Please copy the question from the textbook)
1. It can cause high blood pressure heart attack and even
stroke.
2. No it would have till been noise to him.
2. Echo cannot be heard in the rooms because the rooms are
small. Echos produced when the distance of reflecting surface
from the source of sound is large enough for the sound wave to
be reflected and reach back for it to be heard.
3. Due to short air colum created on covering all the holes
frequency will be high and thus pitch will also be high,