CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The relationship between students time management skills and

procrastination level at Mabunao National High School will be investigated in this

quantitative study using a correlational research design method. Without having to

manipulate any of the variables, this design makes it possible to evaluate the

direction and strength of the relationship between the two variables—the time

management skills and level of procrastination. Furthermore, Correlational research

is especially useful for determining links between variables when the researcher

wants to know how they affect one another in a natural environment, claims Creswell

(2014). As stated by Creswell (2014), quantitative research is used to collect

numerical data that can be analyzed to identify patterns and relationships between

the variables of procrastination level and time management skills among senior high

school students at Mabunao National High School. Quantitative research is

particularly effective in measuring the extent of a phenomenon and allows for

statistical analysis to test hypotheses or identify correlations. In addition, the study

will use surveys to gather information from both groups and use Likert-scale survey

items to gauge time management and procrastination.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The study's population will consist of 339 students enrolled at Mabunao

National High School. To determine the sample size, a minimum of at least 50

students will be selected to participate in the study, ensuring that the sample is

representative enough to derive meaningful conclusions. Stratified random sampling

will be employed to ensure that various demographic groups within the student

population are adequately represented, thereby enhancing the generalizability of the

findings. This sampling technique is particularly effective in educational settings, as it

helps to minimize bias and ensures that different subgroups are considered. By

using stratified random sampling, the study aims to capture a diverse range of

perspectives on procrastination and time management among senior high school

students.

In quantitative research, determining an appropriate sample size is crucial for

ensuring the reliability and validity of study findings. While the ideal sample size can

vary based on the study's objectives, design, and statistical analyses, a sample size

of 50 participants is often considered acceptable for many quantitative studies. For

instance, Raluca Budiu and Kate Moran (2021) suggest that 40 participants are

appropriate for most quantitative studies, indicating that 50 participants would be

sufficient in many cases.

Additionally, Harris (1975) recommended a minimum sample size of N ≥ 50 +

m, where m represents the number of independent variables in the study. This

formula suggests that for studies with multiple independent variables, a larger

sample size may be necessary to achieve reliable results.

 RESEARCH LOCALE

This research will be conducted at Brgy. Mabunao, Panabo City, Davao del

Norte, Philippines.

Figure 2.1 Map of the Philippines and Mabunao National High School
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers plan to utilize two modified sets of survey questionnaires to

collect data from the participants. The first set will be from the study conducted by

Jamrus, F. N., & Saman, F. I. (2021) – Time Management Skills, this compromised

the following indicators: Organization, Prioritization, Goal Setting, Communication,

Planning, Delegation, Stress Management, Problem-Solving, and Note Taking with a

Cronbach Alpha of 0.8853. In analyzing the level of Time Management Skills of the

respondents, the following continuum will be used.

Time Management Skills

Descriptive
Point Scale Interpretation
Equivalent

Strongly It indicates a high level of confidence among the

3.25 – 4.00
Agree respondents in their time management skills.

It indicates a general confidence among the

2.50 – 3.24 Agree
respondents in their time management skills.

It indicates a moderate level of confidence among the

1.75 – 2.49 Disagree
respondents in their time management skills.

Strongly It indicates a low level or may lack confidence among

1.00 – 1.74
Disagree the respondents in their time management skills.

Table 2.1 Result Interpretation for Time Management Skills

 The second part of the research instrument will be from the study conducted

by Tuckman, B. W. (1991) – The Tuckman Procrastination Scale with a Cronbach

Alpha of 0.90, this compromised of the following indicators: Passive Procrastination

and Active Procrastination. In analyzing the level of procrastination of the

respondents, the following continuum will be used.

Procrastination

Descriptive
Point Scale Interpretation
Equivalent
Strongly It indicates a high level of agreement on the statement
3.25 – 4.00
Agree by the respondents about procrastination.

It indicates a good level of agreement on the statement

2.50 – 3.24 Agree
by the respondents about procrastination.

It indicates a fair level of agreement on the statement by

1.75 – 2.49 Disagree
the respondents about procrastination.

Strongly It indicates a low level of agreement on the statement by

1.00 – 1.74
Disagree the respondents about procrastination.

Table 2.2 Result Interpretation for Procrastination

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

To effectively gather the data required for this study, the researchers will

follow a systematic and well-organized procedure, ensuring thoroughness and

precision throughout the process. The researchers will begin by selecting a well-

established questionnaire from an existing published research paper, which will

serve as the foundation for the survey. To ensure the appropriateness and relevance

of the instrument, they will seek content validation from their research adviser,

gaining approval to proceed with the data collection process. Once the instrument is

validated, a formal request will be submitted to the School Head of Mabunao

National High School to seek permission to conduct the study and involve students

in the research.

In addition, the researchers will draft a letter addressed to the in-charge of the

computer laboratory, requesting access to the facilities for the student respondents

to complete the survey questionnaire online. After obtaining the necessary approvals

and permissions, the computer laboratory will be utilized as the venue for

administering the online survey, providing a conducive environment for students to

participate.

Upon the successful completion of the survey, the collected data will be

immediately processed and carefully analyzed using statistical methods. The

researchers will then tabulate and interpret the results, drawing meaningful

conclusions that address the research questions. Through this methodical approach,

the researchers aim to ensure the accuracy and validity of their findings, contributing

valuable insights into the relationship between time management skills and

procrastination levels among the students of Mabunao National High School.

STATISTICAL TOOLS

The following statistical tools below that the researchers will utilize will serve a

specific purpose in analyzing the relationship between the variables and providing

insights into the findings of the study.

Mean. The mean is the average of the data points, calculated by summing all

values and dividing by the number of observations. It will be used to determine the

time management skills and procrastination level.

 Standard Deviation. This measures the spread or variability of the data. It

will indicate how much the responses deviate from the mean, providing insight into

the time management skills.

Pearson’s r. This correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction

of the linear relationship between two variables. It will be used to assess the

relationship between time management skills and procrastination level.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

Ethical Compliance. The researchers ensured that ethical standards were

observed throughout the study. The research was critically reviewed by the Mabunao

National High School Ethics Review Committee to guarantee adherence to ethical

procedures.

Social Value. This study aims to address procrastination levels and their

impact on students’ time management skills, providing insights to improve academic

performance and personal growth. Its findings can help students develop strategies

for better time management and assist teachers in supporting students effectively.

(Modify this section depending on the research topic and targeted skills or behaviors

being studied.)

Informed Consent. Participants were fully informed about the study’s

purpose, procedures, duration, risks, benefits, confidentiality, and voluntary nature of

participation. Informed consent forms were secured before participation, and

participants were assured they could withdraw at any time without consequence.

(Modify to reflect the specific procedures or instruments used in your study.)

Vulnerability. The researchers considered the vulnerability of participants,

particularly students who may experience stress or anxiety related to academic

tasks. A supportive, non-judgmental environment was maintained to minimize

emotional risks.

Risks, Benefits, and Safety. Surveys and other procedures were conducted

at convenient times to avoid disruption. No harmful activities were involved, and the

study ensured a favorable risk-benefit ratio, prioritizing participants’ well-being. The

findings are beneficial for both participants and the school community.

Privacy and Confidentiality. Participants’ personal information and

responses were kept confidential in accordance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012.

No identifying details were collected, ensuring privacy and trust.

Justice. Participants were selected fairly without discrimination. Benefits of

the study were shared with participants, and minor tokens were provided to

compensate for their participation.

Transparency. Participants were informed about the research focus,

instruments used, and results. All relevant research documents were attached for

verification.

Qualification of Researchers. The researchers are Grade 12 students of

Mabunao National High School, whose experiences contributed to understanding the

challenges of the study.

Adequacy of Facilities. The study had access to sufficient resources,

including the computer laboratory, guidance from advisers, and support from school

staff.

Community Involvement. The school community played an important role in

the study. Findings were shared with stakeholders and may be disseminated further

through conferences, online portals, or mass media.