FLUIDS-std11

Answer The Following Question Answer

Question1. Explain why

a. The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain

b. Atmospheric pressure at a height of about 6 km decreases to nearly half of its

value at the sea level, though the height of the atmosphere is more than 100 km

c. Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity even though pressure is force divided

by area.

Question 2. Explain why

a. The angle of contact of mercury with glass is obtuse, while that of water with

glass is acute.

b. Water on a clean glass surface tends to spread out while mercury on the same

surface tends to form drops. (Put differently, water wets glass while mercury

does not.)

c. Surface tension of a liquid is independent of the area of the surface

d. Water with detergent dissolved in it should have small angles of contact.

e. A drop of liquid under no external forces is always spherical in shape

Question 3. Fill in the blanks using the word(s) from the list appended with each

statement:

a. With lowering of temperature surface tension of liquids generally

__________ (decrease/increase)

b. Shearing force is proportional to ______ for solids having elastic modulus of

rigidity, while it is proportional to __________ for fluids. (Rate of shear

strain/shear strain)

c. Viscosity of _______ increases with the temperature while for _____ it

decreases. (Liquids/gases)

d. For model of an aircraft inside a wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a speed

______ than the speed for turbulence for an actual plane. (Lesser / greater)

e. A fluid in steady flow experiences increases in its flow speed at constrictions

___________. (Bernoulli’s principle /conservation of mass )

Question 4. Explain why

a. To keep a piece of paper horizontal, you should blow over, not under, it

b. When we try to close a water tap with our fingers, fast jets of water gush

through the openings between our fingers

c. The size of the needle of a syringe controls flow rate better than the thumb

pressure exerted by a doctor while administering an injection

d. A fluid flowing out of a small hole in a vessel results in a backward thrust on

the vessel

e. A spinning cricket ball in air does not follow a parabolic trajectory.

Question 5. A 50 kg girl wearing high heel shoes balances on a single heel. The

heel is circular with a diameter 1.0 cm. What is the pressure exerted by the heel

on the horizontal floor?

Question 6. Toricelli’s barometer used mercury. Pascal duplicated it using

French wine of density 984 kg m–3

. Determine the height of the wine column for

normal atmospheric pressure.

Question 7. A vertical off-shore structure is built to withstand a maximum stress

of 109 Pa. Is the structure suitable for putting up on top of an oil well in the

ocean? Take the depth of the ocean to be roughly 3 km, and ignore ocean

currents.

Question 8. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift cars with a maximum

mass of 3000 kg. The area of cross-section of the piston carrying the load is 425

cm2

. What maximum pressure would the smaller piston have to bear?

mercury. The mercury columns in the two arms are in level with 10.0 cm of

water in one arm and 12.5 cm of spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity

of spirit?

Question10. In problem 10.9, if 15.0 cm of water and spirit each are further

poured into the respective arms of the tube, what is the difference in the levels

of mercury in the two arms? (Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6).

Question11. Can Bernoulli’s equation be used to describe the flow of water

through a rapid in a river? Explain.

Question 12. Does it matter if one uses gauge instead of absolute pressures in

applying Bernoulli’s equation? Explain.

Question 13. Glycerine flows steadily through a horizontal tube of length 1.5 m

and radius 1.0 cm. If the amount of glycerine collected per second at one end is

4.0 × 10–3 kg s–1

, what is the pressure difference between the two ends of the

tube? (Density of glycerine = 1.3 × 103 kg m–3

and viscosity of glycerine = 0.83

Pa s). [You may also like to check if the assumption of laminar flow in the tube

is correct].

Question 14. In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in a wind tunnel, the

flow speeds on the upper and lower surfaces of the wing are 70 m s–1

and 63 m

–1
respectively. What is the lift on the wing if its area is 2.5 m2

? Take the

density of air to be 1.3 kg m–3

Question 15. Figures 10.23 (a) and (b) refer to the steady flow of a (non-

viscous) liquid. Which of the two figures is incorrect? Why?

Question 16. The cylindrical tube of a spray pump has a cross-section of 8.0

cm2 one end of which has 40 fine holes each of diameter 1.0 mm. If the liquid

flow inside the tube is 1.5 m min–1

, what is the speed of ejection of the liquid

through the holes?

Question 17. A U-shaped wire is dipped in a soap solution, and removed. The

thin soap film formed between the wire and the light slider supports a weight of

1.5 × 10–2 N (which includes the small weight of the slider). The length of the

slider is 30 cm. What is the surface tension of the film?

Question 18. Figure 10.24 (a) shows a thin liquid film supporting a small weight

= 4.5 × 10–2 N. What is the weight supported by a film of the same liquid at the

same temperature in Fig. (b) and (c)? Explain your answer physically.

Question19. What is the pressure inside the drop of mercury of radius 3.00 mm

at room temperature? Surface tension of mercury at that temperature (20°C) is

4.65 × 10–1 N m–1

excess pressure inside the drop.

Question20. What is the excess pressure inside a bubble of soap solution of

radius 5.00 mm, given that the surface tension of soap solution at the

temperature (20 °C) is 2.50 × 10–2 N m–1

? If an air bubble of the same

dimension were formed at depth of 40.0 cm inside a container containing the

soap solution (of relative density 1.20), what would be the pressure inside the

bubble? (1 atmospheric pressure is 1.01 × 105 Pa).

Question21. A tank with a square base of area 1.0 m2

is divided by a vertical

partition in the middle. The bottom of the partition has a small-hinged door of

area 20 cm2

. The tank is filled with water in one compartment, and an acid (of

relative density 1.7) in the other, both to a height of 4.0 m. compute the force

necessary to keep the door close.

Question22. A manometer reads the pressure of a gas in an enclosure as shown

in Fig. 10.25 (a) When a pump removes some of the gas, the manometer reads

as in Fig. 10.25 (b) The liquid used in the manometers is mercury and the

atmospheric pressure is 76 cm of mercury.

a. Give the absolute and gauge pressure of the gas in the enclosure for cases (a)

and (b), in units of cm of mercury.

b. How would the levels change in case (b) if 13.6 cm of water (immiscible with

mercury) are poured into the right limb of the manometer? (Ignore the small
change in the volume of the gas).

Question23. Two vessels have the same base area but different shapes. The first

vessel takes twice the volume of water that the second vessel requires to fill

upto a particular common height. Is the force exerted by the water on the base

of the vessel the same in the two cases? If so, why do the vessels filled with

water to that same height give different readings on a weighing scale?

Question24. During blood transfusion the needle is inserted in a vein where the

gauge pressure is 2000 Pa. At what height must the blood container be placed so

that blood may just enter the vein? [Use the density of whole blood from Table