Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development
eISSN 2345-0355. 2022. Vol. 44. No. 3: 254-262
Article DOI: [Link]
GREEN TOURISM AS A COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Volodymyr Lagodiienko 1, Hanna Sarkisian 2, Natalia Dobrianska 3, Iryna Krupitsa 4, Oksana
Bairachna 5, Olga Shepeleva 6
1
Dr. Sc., Prof., Odessa National University of Technology, 112 Kanatna Str., Odesa, Ukraine, E-mail address:
volodymyr@[Link]
2
Dr. Sc., Prof., Odessa National University of Technology, 112 Kanatna Str., Odesa, Ukraine, E-mail address:
anutasark@[Link]
3
Dr. Sc., Prof., Odesa National University of Technology, 112 Kanatna Str., Odesa, Ukraine, E-mail address: semen-
198@[Link]
4
PhD, Assoc., Prof., Odesa National University of Technology, 112 Kanatna Str., Odesa, Ukraine, E-mail address:
krupichka@[Link]
5
PhD, Assoc., Prof., Odessa National University of Technology, 112 Kanatna Str., Odesa, Ukraine, E-mail address:
[Link]@[Link]
6
PhD Student, Odessa National University of Technology, 112 Kanatna Str., Odesa, Ukraine, E-mail address:
shepelevaolga1313@[Link]
Received 20 07 2022; Accepted 26 07 2022
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the role of green tourism as a component of sustainable development of the region
and to determine the level of rural green tourism development of the region. This scientific work is based on such general
scientific, specific and economic methods as: analysis and synthesis, dialectical, systematization, induction and deduction,
generalization, analytical, abstract logical, statistical analysis, graphic, economic and mathematical modeling. It has been
proven that it is appropriate to identify green tourism with sustainable development, which is based on its basic task -
achieving the integrity of as many natural and recreational resources and cultural heritage as possible. Taking into account
the above, sustainable development is aimed at ensuring the needs of consumers, protecting and increasing returns from
its operation in the future. Green tourism in the system of sustainable development is considered according to its goals.
In order to achieve the goal, the article proposes to determine the level of development of rural green tourism by region
and differentiate them according to this indicator. That is why the author proposed a methodology for assessing the level
of development of rural green tourism with a detailed disclosure of each of its stages. Approbation of the proposed
methodical approach was carried out, as a result of which regions were grouped into groups with different levels of
development of rural green tourism. Reducing the asymmetry of regional development in terms of green tourism will help
increase the level of ensuring their sustainable development.
Keywords: green tourism, rural green tourism, sustainable development, region, economic development.
JEL Codes: R11; R12.
Introduction
Green tourism can be considered one of from a social and ecological one, given that it
the most relevant areas of economic contributes to the economic recovery of
development of the country, including its rural territories rural areas, the preservation of their
areas. When studying this category as a certain traditions and culture, and deters negative
type of tourist activity, it should be considered demographic processes. In most countries of
not only from an economic aspect, but also the world, green tourism is an indivisible
Copyright © 2022 Author(s), published by Vytautas Magnus University. This is an open access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original author and source are credited. The material
cannot be used for commercial purposes.
254
Volodymyr Lagodiienko, Hanna Sarkisian, Natalia Dobrianska, Iryna Krupitsa, Oksana Bairachna, Olga Shepeleva
Green Tourism as a Component of Sustainable Development of the Region
leading component of the sustainable conduct scientific research in the field of green
development of the country and its regions. It tourism in the context of sustainable
is a factor that significantly affects the development, it should be noted: Abdulaali
formation of conditions for the development of H.S. et al. (2019); Aldous D.E. (2013); Jahid J.
entrepreneurship and the realization of its (2019); Li X. (2022); Misso R. et al. (2018);
potential, reducing the unemployment rate, Nguyen H.P., Bui, V.D. (2021); Yousaf Z. et al.
increasing the level of income of local budgets, (2021) and other.
motivating the creation of social infrastructure, The authors of the article (Li X., 2022)
etc. However, it should be noted that it is investigate the impact of environmental
necessary to take into account the structural perception of corporate social responsibility on
and spatial aspects of the natural resource the sustainable development of tourism. The
potential of the region, the employment of the practical significance of the study (Yousaf Z.
population, the quantitative and qualitative et al., 2021) lies in the analysis of the impact
side of the existing infrastructure facilities. of green motives and green business strategies
In Ukraine, green tourism develops on sustainable development in the hospitality
uncontrollably and spontaneously. A large sector. Scientists (Nguyen H.P. et al., 2021)
number of domestic business entities in the have proven the existence of relationships
tourism sector conduct their activities in the between research concepts, including
shadows with a low level of stimulation to corporate social responsibility and green
legalize their functioning, without state tourism strategies, which positively affect
support and in conditions of imperfect business results. The basis of the scientists'
regulatory and legal frameworks. The lack of a research (Jahid J., 2019) is a descriptive and
strategic vision regarding the development of correlational analysis of the support of the
green tourism, especially in the part of rural local community in the implementation of
green tourism, has a very negative effect on the green policy for the development of
realization of both natural and historical- sustainable green tourism. The authors
cultural potential, exacerbating the problem of (Abdulaali H.S. et al., 2019) investigated the
the depression of the Ukrainian countryside. barriers that hotel owners face when
And therefore, support for its functioning and implementing ecological and green tourism in
development is extremely necessary, taking the context of sustainable development. Within
into account the ability to form a synergistic the scope of the article (Misso R. et al., 2018),
effect of the development of rural areas. In the authors consider the specifics of the
current conditions of instability caused by development of green tourism through the
various factors, green tourism forms possible principles and political prescriptions that
options for meeting the needs of recreation contribute to the development and protection
within the flow of domestic tourists, of the environment, as well as the scientists
contributing to the ability and perspective of analyzed how important green tourism is for
the development of the economy of rural areas. maintaining and improving the position of the
The purpose of the article is to study the EU in world tourism. The study of scientists
role of green tourism as a component of (Aldous D.E., 2013), which examines the
sustainable development of the region and to problems faced by green tourism and proposes
determine the level of rural green tourism ways to solve them in the context of
development of the region. sustainable development, deserves attention.
However, despite the significant number
Literature review of publications in this direction of research, the
issue of green tourism as a component of
Many studies by leading scientists are sustainable development of regions is gaining
devoted to the problems of sustainable more and more relevance and requires further
development. Among the scientists who research and analysis.
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Methodical approach as a component of sustainable development, its
place in the system of sustainable development
This scientific work is based on such and its goals, as well as the algorithm for
general scientific, specific and economic determining the level of development of rural
methods as: analysis and synthesis, dialectical, green tourism); economic and mathematical
systematization, induction and deduction, modeling (to assess the level of the
generalization, analytical, abstract logical (to development of rural green tourism).
clarify the elements of green tourism and Taking into account the above, in this
justify the expediency of its identification with article it is necessary to pay attention to the
sustainable development); statistical and research and assessment of the level of
statistical analysis (for the formation of the development of rural green tourism in the
objects of this study and the main indicators regional section and to group the regions
characterizing the state of their development in according to this indicator.
the field of rural green tourism); graphic (for a For this purpose, we propose to apply the
visual representation of the components, methodology, which consists of the sequential
advantages and disadvantages of green tourism implementation of the following steps (Fig. 1).
1 Selection of research objects for which the level of development of rural green tourism is
determined
2 Selection and formation of a set of indicators for the purpose of assessing the level of
development of rural green tourism
3 Data collection according to the indicators determined to evaluate the level of development of
rural green tourism of the research objects
4 Division of selected indicators into those that have a positive impact (stimulators) and those
that have a negative impact (destimulants) on the level of development
5 Determination of the level of the complex indicator of the development of rural green tourism
Figure 1. Algorithm for determining the level of development of rural green tourism
*Source: developed by the authors.
Let's consider each of the stages (Fig. 1) Zaporizhzhya, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kirovohrad,
in more detail. When implementing the first Lviv, Odesa, Poltava, Ternopil, Kharkiv,
step, when choosing research objects, it should Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi
be noted that their determination is influenced and Chernihiv.
by the presence of statistical information. In At the second step, when forming a
view of this, the following regions of Ukraine system of indicators that determine the level of
will be the objects of the study: Vinnytsia, development of rural green tourism, we offer
Volyn, Dnipropetrovsk, Zakarpattia, the following evaluation parameters: number
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Volodymyr Lagodiienko, Hanna Sarkisian, Natalia Dobrianska, Iryna Krupitsa, Oksana Bairachna, Olga Shepeleva
Green Tourism as a Component of Sustainable Development of the Region
of homesteads per 100,000 population; the Tmin – the minimum value of the rural
share of rural estates in the accommodation of green tourism indicator.
tourists; the number of accommodated persons In the fifth step, the complex indicator of
per 100,000 population; the total area of estates rural green tourism is determined using the
relative to the area of the region; income from following formula:
services provided per 100,000 population; cost n
indices; capacity utilization rate of collective RGT j = n M ij ,
means of accommodation. p =1
The third step of this algorithm consists (3)
in the formation of initial data based on Mij – standardized indicator of rural
statistical information for the application of green tourism for j-region;
further steps of the procedure proposed by the n – the number of indicators that are
author. studied.
The fourth step of the proposed
methodology for determining the level of rural Results
green tourism involves the application of
formula (1) for indicators of stimulants: In the modern conditions of Ukraine's
Tf integration into the European and world space
Tis = , (1)
and cooperation, the creation of such forms of
Tmax optimization of economic relations, which are
where Tis – the level of development aimed at the effective realization of potentials,
according to the i-th indicator of the such as natural, labor, recreational, etc., is
stimulator; becoming an urgent and priority direction, the
Tf – actual value of the rural green leading component of which structure is
tourism indicator; tourism field in general, and rural green
Tmax – the maximum value of the rural tourism in particular. Ukraine has all the
green tourism indicator; conditions for the development of rural green
or formula (2) for indicators of tourism on its territory: firstly, it is a good
destimulators: geographical location; secondly, a favorable
climate; thirdly, there is a rich natural potential
Tmin
Tid = , (2)
(various landscape complexes and natural
Tf areas) and recreational potential (historical
cultural monuments, traditional and ethnic
Tid – the level of development of rural achievements, etc.); the presence of powerful
green tourism according to the i-th labor and land resources. Rural green tourism
destimulator indicator; is a leading component of the sustainable
development of the region (Fig. 2).
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GREEN TOURISM AS A COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
BENEFITS DISADVANTAGES
- motivation for the development of
entrepreneurship in various spheres;
- emergence of new jobs;
- increasing the income level of the
population of the region;
- restoration of non-traditional ways of
ECONOMIC
forming the non-production sphere, as well
as territories and ensuring their sustainable
development
- insufficient level of
state support;
- imperfection of
- raising the standard of living of the regulatory
population and its employment; legislation in this
- development of social infrastructure and area;
improvement of the arrangement of
settlements; - imperfection of the
- restoration of cultural aspects of the SOCIAL taxation system;
territory and historical heritage;
- reproduction of the labor potential of the - lack of the required
territory number of highly
qualified people
personnel and
trained specialists;
- low level of
- preservation of the natural environment
marketing and
and improvement of its environment;
advertising activities
- recovery of animal and plant
components of the territory;
- observance of the ecological balance of
the natural component of the region; ECOLOGICAL
- introduction and development of organic
agricultural production;
- rational use of resources and nature
protection
Figure 2. Green tourism as a component of sustainable development of the region
*Source: systematized by the authors.
Given the fact that the main task of green posterity. In the process of carrying out tourist
tourism is to ensure the maximum number of activities, the rational use of resources is
natural resources and cultural values intact and ensured, which, on the one hand, allows
intact, it is absolutely appropriate to identify satisfying the needs of consumers (economic,
green tourism with sustainable development social, etc.), and on the other hand, preserves
(Fig. 3). Sustainable tourism is able to meet the cultural heritage and values, the life support
needs of tourists and regions, and allows to system, and the necessary ecological
protect and increase opportunities for processes.
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Volodymyr Lagodiienko, Hanna Sarkisian, Natalia Dobrianska, Iryna Krupitsa, Oksana Bairachna, Olga Shepeleva
Green Tourism as a Component of Sustainable Development of the Region
GREEN TOURISM
economic social ecological
minimization of negative
maximum economic return maximum social return impacts on the natural
environment
The driving force of transformations through the provision of
such goals as:
- sustainable economic development;
- social employment, poverty reduction;
- efficient use of resources, environmental protection, climate
change;
- cultural values, preservation of heritage;
- mutual understanding, peace and security
conversion to:
business society consumer behavior
ensuring sustainable preservation of social environmental and resource
economic growth heritage conservation
Figure 3. Green tourism in the system of sustainable development and its goals
*Source: systematized by the authors.
The successful functioning and formation and increase of revenues to local
development of rural green tourism contributes budgets, increasing the level of settlement of
to the solution of a complex of economic, settlements, preservation, restoration and
social and environmental problems in terms of development of natural potential, the
increasing the employment of the rural introduction of resource-saving technologies,
population, the level of its quality of life, optimal and rational use natural resources. At
creating the reproduction of human potential in the same time, scaling up the tourism sector
the agricultural sphere, the creation of the will in turn have an extremely positive impact
latest trends in agricultural production and the on the development of other economic
sale of its products, increasing the level of activities, in particular, trade, transport,
profitability of agricultural producers, the entertainment and other infrastructure
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elements, accelerating the development of calculated according to formulas (1) and (2), is
rural areas. given in Table 1. Using formula (3), we
The definition of the level of calculate a comprehensive indicator of the
development of rural green tourism according development of rural green tourism (Fig. 4).
to the indicators defined in the methodology,
Table 1. Indicators of the level of rural green tourism development and ranking of regions
according to a complex indicator
income from services
number of estates per
provided per 100,000
estates relative to the
persons per 100,000
Complex indicator
100,000 population
capacity utilization
accommodation of
area of the region
the share of rural
rate of collective
accommodation
the total area of
accommodated
of rural green
development
estates in the
cost indices
population
population
number of
means of
tourism
tourists
Rank
Region
Vinnytsia 0,51 0,53 0,41 0,43 0,51 0,98 0,76 2,03 13
Volynsk 0,57 0,59 0,77 0,63 0,82 0,62 1,00 2,24 4
Dnipropetrovsk 0,51 0,49 0,45 0,53 0,49 0,95 0,40 1,95 15
Zakarpattia 0,65 0,66 0,71 0,73 0,93 0,57 0,45 2,17 5
Zaporizhzhia 0,51 0,48 0,33 0,39 0,60 1,00 0,43 1,93 17
Ivano-
Frankivsk 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,59 0,39 2,45 1
Kirovohradsk 0,57 0,55 0,61 0,91 0,68 0,83 0,48 2,15 7
Lviv 0,95 0,96 0,92 0,85 0,91 0,57 0,51 2,38 2
Odesa 0,63 0,61 0,67 0,66 0,73 0,78 0,43 2,12 10
Poltava 0,53 0,55 0,48 0,53 0,63 0,76 0,40 1,97 14
Ternopilsk 0,55 0,59 0,73 0,59 0,64 0,73 0,57 2,09 11
Kharkivska 0,57 0,61 0,55 0,74 0,67 0,71 0,41 2,06 12
Khersonsk 0,51 0,53 0,50 0,56 0,66 0,79 1,00 2,13 9
Khmelnytska 0,59 0,62 0,83 0,69 0,82 0,64 0,47 2,16 6
Cherkassy 0,66 0,67 0,52 0,61 0,65 0,88 0,59 2,14 8
Chernivtsi 0,78 0,75 0,85 0,78 0,79 0,73 0,43 2,26 3
Chernihivska 0,51 0,53 0,45 0,49 0,53 0,93 0,51 1,99 16
*Source: calculated by the authors based on [Link]
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Volodymyr Lagodiienko, Hanna Sarkisian, Natalia Dobrianska, Iryna Krupitsa, Oksana Bairachna, Olga Shepeleva
Green Tourism as a Component of Sustainable Development of the Region
1,93
Zaporizhzhia
1,95
Dnipropetrovsk
1,97
Poltava
1,99
Chernihiv
Vinnytsia 2,03
Kharkiv 2,06
Ternopil 2,09
Odesa 2,12
Kherson 2,13
Cherkasy 2,14
Kirovohrad 2,15
Khmelnytsky 2,16
Transcarpathian 2,17
Volyn
2,24
Chernivtsi
2,26
Lviv
2,38
Ivano-Frankivsk
2,45
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Group 4 Group 3 Group 2 Group 1
Figure 4. Value of a complex indicator of rural green tourism development in regions of
Ukraine
*Source: calculated by the authors based on [Link]
The obtained results (Table 1, Fig. 4) an average level of development of rural green
made it possible to divide the regions of tourism, for which it is necessary to take
Ukraine into four groups, which made it measures to activate this sphere of activity.
possible to reveal the asymmetry of the The fourth group included Chernihiv,
development of rural green tourism in the Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, and Zaporizhia
regions. regions (regions with a low level of
The first group represents the leading development of rural green tourism), the
regions (Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Chernivtsi components of the complex indicator of which
and Volhynia regions), which are have the lowest values, and therefore require
characterized by high indicators of the significant efforts and investments for the
development of rural green tourism. In view of development of green tourism, which can be
this, for the regions of the first group, it should attracted by the union of joint actions of the
be recommended to apply mechanisms for state, communities and business.
further support of the achieved level in order to
prevent its decrease. Conclusions
The regions of the second group (with an
above-average level of rural green tourism Green tourism is a type of economic
development - Zakarpattia, Khmelnytskyi, activity that needs to be given considerable
Kirovohrad, Cherkasy, Kherson, Odesa) are attention in our country, as it has a strong
characterized by insufficient and incomplete potential for raising the rural economy through
use of their existing potential, which indicates the creation of new jobs, an increase in the
the need to address this issue. amount of taxes to the budget, and the
The third group of regions (Ternopil, activation of the use of local resources.
Kharkiv and Vinnytsia) represents areas with Green tourism is becoming popular in
conditions of a permanent lack of economic
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stability in the country due to the influence of contributes to the well-being of the rural
rapidly changing environmental factors. population and is considered as a priority
Strategies for the development of the social, direction for the diversification of the rural
economic and ecological spheres increase the economic system and a component of the
importance of this type of economic activity as sustainable development of the region.
one of the important spheres of life. Reforming The strategy for the development of
Ukraine in terms of the transition to green tourism requires the creation of such
decentralization processes, and therefore self- conditions that would meet the goals of
sufficiency should be considered a motivating sustainable development. The prospect of
factor for increasing the level of efficiency of further research will be the development of
the development of the economic system of mechanisms for the activation of green tourism
rural areas based on green tourism and local development processes and tools for their
resources. Green tourism in modern conditions implementation at the regional level.
Acknowledgments. This research is carried out within the framework of the scientific project
«Investment mechanisms of regional structural transformations in agribusiness» with the support of the
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (registration number 0120U002096).
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