Department of Biomedical Engineering

Academic Year 2025 – 2026

Question Bank
Course Code / Name:CBM362 / Principles of Tissue
Engineering
Year / Sem. / Sec: III/ V/ A
Course Teacher: Ms Divya Y
Course Coordinator Name: Dr. Suresh Chander
kapali

UNIT – I – INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY

PART – A

Q.N Questions B CO D.L Test

o T (E/M/ IAT1/
T) IAT2
1 Define a progenitor cell. R CO E IAT1
1
2 What is meant by cell differentiation? U CO E IAT1
1
3 List any two types of human cells. R CO E IAT1
1
4 What are the key steps involved in cell culture? U CO M IAT1
1
5 Define growth factors with one example. R CO E IAT1
1
6 Differentiate between stem cells and progenitor cells. U CO M IAT1
1
7 What is cell expansion in the context of cell culture? U CO E IAT1
1
8 Mention any two common storage methods used in cell culture. R CO E IAT1
1
9 What are cell surface markers? R CO E IAT1
1
10 Explain the term receptor-ligand binding with an example. U CO M IAT1
1
11 What is the function of cell signalling molecules? U CO M IAT1
1
12 Name two commonly used growth factors in tissue engineering R CO E IAT1
1
13 Define differential cell adhesion. R CO M IAT1
1
14 State any two uses of progenitor cells in regenerative medicine. U CO M IAT1
1
15 Why is cell characterization important in biotechnology? U CO M IAT1
1
16 Write two examples of receptor-ligand interactions in the human R CO E IAT1
body. 1
17 How do signalling molecules contribute to tissue development? U CO M IAT1
1
18 What is the role of growth factors in cell proliferation? U CO M IAT1
1
19 Mention any two techniques used to identify cell surface R CO M IAT1
markers. 1
20 What happens if cell adhesion is defective during development? U CO M IAT1
1

PART – B

D.L Test
Q.N
Questions M BT CO (E/M/ IAT1/
o IAT2
T)
Describe the types of cells found in the human body. Add a 1 CO IAT1
1 U E
note on progenitor cells and their roles. 6 1
Explain in detail the stages involved in cell culture: 1 CO IAT1
2 U M
expansion, transfer, storage, and characterization. 6 1
Discuss the process of cell differentiation and the molecular 1 CO IAT1
3 U M
mechanisms involved in this process. 6 1
Analyze the role of cell signalling molecules and growth 1 A CO IAT1
4 T
factors in regulating cell growth and function. 6 N 1
What are cell surface markers? How are they identified and 1 CO IAT1
5 U M
what is their importance in cell sorting? 6 1
Explain the mechanisms of cell adhesion. Discuss the role 1 CO IAT1
6 U M
of receptor-ligand binding in cell communication. 6 1
Differentiate between progenitor cells and stem cells. How 1 A CO IAT1
7 M
are progenitor cells used in regenerative medicine? 6 N 1
How does improper signalling affect tissue development? 1 CO IAT1
8 U T
Provide examples of diseases caused by such failures. 6 1
Design an experimental plan to study the effects of a new 1 A CO IAT1
9 T
growth factor on cell proliferation in vitro. 6 N 1
Critically evaluate the challenges in long-term storage of 1 CO IAT1
10 U T
cultured cells. Suggest possible solutions. 6 1

UNIT – II – FUNDAMENTALS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING

PART – A

Q.N Questions B CO D.L Test

o T (E/M/ IAT1/
T) IAT2
1 R CO IAT1
Define tissue engineering. E
2
2 U CO IAT1
Name two major goals of tissue engineering. E
2
3 Mention any two historical milestones in the development of R CO IAT1
E
tissue engineering. 2
4 R CO IAT1
What is tissue organization? E
2
5 R CO IAT1
List two characteristics of epithelial tissue. E
2
6 What are the main components of connective tissue? R CO E IAT1
 2
7 R CO IAT1
Define angiogenesis. E
2
8 U CO IAT1
Differentiate between vascular and avascular tissues. M
2
9 R CO IAT1
State two key events in the wound healing process. E
2
10 U CO IAT1
What is the role of extracellular matrix in tissue engineering? M
2
11 R CO IAT1
Define matrix ligands with an example. M
2
12 U CO IAT1
What are the basic steps of tissue culture? E
2
13 R CO IAT1
Mention two commonly used biomaterials in tissue engineering. E
2
14 U CO IAT1
What is the function of fibronectin in ECM? M
2
15 R CO IAT1
Define wound remodeling. M
2
16 U CO IAT1
List two differences between epithelial and connective tissues. M
2
17 U CO IAT1
Why is angiogenesis crucial in engineered tissues? M
2
18 R CO IAT1
What are matrix molecules? Give examples. E
2
19 U CO IAT1
Write the importance of scaffold materials in tissue engineering. M
2
20 Name two matrix–receptor interactions essential in tissue R CO IAT1
M
development. 2

PART – B

D.L Test
Q.N
Questions M BT CO (E/M/ IAT1/
o IAT2
T)
1 CO IAT1
1 Describe the history and scope of tissue engineering. R E
6 2
Explain the structural organization of tissues and the 1 CO IAT1
2 U M
differences between epithelial and connective tissues. 6 2
Discuss in detail the role of vascularity and angiogenesis in 1 CO IAT1
3 U M
tissue engineering. 6 2
Elaborate on the wound healing process and explain the 1 CO IAT1
4 U M
stages involved in tissue regeneration. 6 2
What is the extracellular matrix? Describe its major 1 CO IAT1
5 R M
components and their roles in tissue engineering. 6 2
How do ECM molecules and their ligands regulate cell 1 CO IAT1
6 U T
behavior in tissue scaffolds? 6 2
Explain the importance and process of tissue culture in the 1 CO IAT1
7 U M
context of engineered tissues. 6 2
Classify biomaterials used in tissue engineering. Discuss 1 CO IAT1
8 U M
their properties and applications. 6 2
9 Critically evaluate the role of angiogenesis in wound healing 1 U CO T IAT1
 and tissue repair. 6 2
Design a scaffold for epithelial tissue regeneration. Discuss 1 A CO IAT1
10 T
material selection and biological factors to be considered. 6 N 2

UNIT – III – STEM CELLS

PART – A

Q.N Questions B CO D.L Test

o T (E/M/ IAT1/
T) IAT2
1 R CO IAT1
Define stem cells. E
3
2 R CO IAT1
What are pluripotent stem cells? E
3
3 R CO IAT1
List any two types of stem cells. E
3
4 What is the difference between differentiation and U CO IAT1
M
dedifferentiation? 3
5 R CO IAT1
Define proliferation in the context of stem cells. E
3
6 What does the term 'immortalization' refer to in stem cell U CO IAT1
M
biology? 3
7 R CO IAT1
What are the characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells? M
3
8 U CO IAT1
Name two sources of fetal stem cells. E
3
9 U CO IAT1
What is the role of bone marrow in stem cell therapy? M
3
10 R CO IAT1
Define induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). E
3
11 U CO IAT2
Differentiate between embryonic and adult stem cells. M
3
12 R CO IAT2
What are primordial germ cells? M
3
13 U CO IAT2
Mention two applications of cord blood stem cells. M
3
14 U CO IAT2
What is stem cell maturation? M
3
15 R CO IAT2
Define cancer stem cells. M
3
16 R CO IAT2
State two key properties of pluripotent stem cells. E
3
17 How is the placenta a viable source of stem cells? U CO M IAT2
 3
18 U CO IAT2
List two key challenges in the use of iPSCs. M
3
19 What is the significance of dedifferentiation in regenerative U CO IAT2
M
medicine? 3
20 Write two differences between normal stem cells and cancer U CO IAT2
M
stem cells. 3

PART – B

D.L Test
Q.N
Questions M BT CO (E/M/ IAT1/
o IAT2
T)
Define stem cells. Classify and explain the different types of 1 CO IAT1
1 R E
stem cells with examples. 6 3
Explain the biological processes of differentiation, 1 CO IAT1
2 U M
dedifferentiation, proliferation, and maturation in stem cells. 6 3
Describe the various sources of stem cells and their clinical 1 CO IAT1
3 U M
significance. 6 3
Compare and contrast embryonic stem cells, adult stem 1 A CO IAT1
4 M
cells, and iPSCs with respect to properties and potential. 6 N 3
Discuss the origin and applications of hematopoietic and 1 CO IAT1
5 U M
bone marrow stem cells in therapy. 6 3
Analyze the concept of pleuripotency and immortalization 1 CO IAT2
6 U T
and its relevance to stem cell research. 6 3
Discuss the isolation and applications of stem cells from 1 CO IAT2
7 U M
placenta, cord blood, and fetal tissue. 6 3
What are cancer stem cells? How do they differ from normal 1 A CO IAT2
8 T
stem cells and what are the implications in cancer therapy? 6 N 3
Evaluate the advantages, limitations, and ethical 1 CO IAT2
9 U M
considerations of using induced pluripotent stem cells. 6 3
Design an experimental framework for reprogramming adult 1 A CO IAT2
10 T
somatic cells into iPSCs. Discuss the factors involved. 6 N 3

UNIT – IV – ENGINEERING METHODS AND DESIGN

PART – A

Q.N Questions B CO D.L Test

o T (E/M/ IAT1/
T) IAT2
1 R CO IAT2
What is soft lithography? E
4
2 R CO IAT2
Define self-assembled monolayer (SAM). E
4
3 U CO IAT2
State one application of microcontact printing. E
4
4 R CO IAT2
What is microfluidic patterning? M
4
5 R CO IAT2
Define laminar flow in microfluidic systems. E
4
6 Mention any two benefits of using polymer scaffolds in tissue U CO IAT2
E
engineering. 4
7 R CO IAT2
What is the principle of electrospinning? M
4
8 Name the two major steps involved in solvent casting and R CO IAT2
E
particulate leaching. 4
9 U CO IAT2
Differentiate between soft lithography and photolithography. M
4
10 What are the typical materials used for self-assembled R CO IAT2
M
monolayers? 4
11 U CO IAT2
State the advantages and limitations of microcontact printing. M
4
12 What is the importance of laminar flow in tissue engineering U CO IAT2
M
devices? 4
13 R CO IAT2
Define the term "cell-seeded scaffold". E
4
14 U CO IAT2
What is the role of gels in 3D cell culture? M
4
15 R CO IAT2
Name any two polymers commonly used for scaffold fabrication. E
4
16 How does microfabrication help in tissue engineering scaffold U CO IAT2
M
design? 4
17 What is particulate leaching and how is it used in scaffold U CO IAT2
M
design? 4
18 Mention any two limitations of electrospinning in scaffold U CO IAT2
M
fabrication. 4
19 U CO IAT2
What does cell–polymer scaffold interaction refer to? M
4
20 Give an example of a tissue engineering application using U CO IAT2
M
microfluidic patterning. 4

PART – B

D.L Test
Q.N
Questions M BT CO (E/M/ IAT1/
o IAT2
T)
Describe the principle and applications of soft lithography in 1 CO IAT2
1 R E
tissue engineering. 6 4
Explain the formation and role of self-assembled 1 CO IAT2
2 U M
monolayers (SAMs) in biointerface design. 6 4
Compare and contrast microcontact printing and 1 A CO IAT2
3 M
microfluidic patterning with diagrams. 6 N 4
Discuss the concept of laminar flow patterning and its 1 CO IAT2
4 U M
relevance to microenvironment control. 6 4
Describe various interactions between cells and polymer 1 CO IAT2
5 U M
scaffolds/gels. 6 4
Explain the process of electrospinning and evaluate its use 1 CO IAT2
6 U T
in scaffold fabrication. 6 4
Describe the method of solvent casting and particulate 1 CO IAT2
A
7 leaching. Compare it with other scaffold fabrication 6 4 M
N
methods.
8 Illustrate the steps involved in microfabrication of cell- 1 R CO T IAT2
 seeded scaffolds with examples. 6 4
Critically evaluate the advantages and limitations of polymer 1 CO IAT2
9 U T
scaffolds in tissue engineering. 6 4
Design a scaffold fabrication strategy using electrospinning 1 CO IAT2
A
10 and discuss the influence of fiber architecture on cell 6 4 T
N
growth.

UNIT – V – APPLICATIONS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING

PART – A

Q.N Questions B CO D.L Test

o T (E/M/ IAT1/
T) IAT2
1 R CO IAT2
Define replacement engineering. E
5
2 R CO IAT2
What is regenerative engineering? E
5
3 R CO IAT2
List two tissues commonly targeted in replacement engineering. E
5
4 U CO IAT2
What are the challenges in engineering functional bone tissue? M
5
5 R CO IAT2
Name two biomaterials used in skin regeneration. E
5
6 R CO IAT2
Mention two techniques used in cartilage tissue engineering. E
5
7 U CO IAT2
What is the role of stem cells in liver tissue engineering? M
5
8 R CO IAT2
Define peripheral nerve regeneration. E
5
9 List two key components used in muscle tissue engineering. R CO IAT2
E
5
10 What are the key considerations in pancreatic tissue U CO IAT2
M
regeneration? 5
11 What is cardiac tissue regeneration? R CO IAT2
E
5
12 Name any two major issues in engineering kidney tissues. U CO IAT2
M
5
13 Why is vascularization important in engineered heart valves? U CO IAT2
M
5
14 What are the major hurdles in blood tissue engineering? U CO IAT2
M
5
15 Define commercialization in the context of tissue engineering. R CO IAT2
E
5
16 What is meant by tissue engineering regulation? U CO IAT2
E
5
17 Why is patenting important in biomedical innovation? U CO IAT2
M
5
18 What ethical concerns are associated with commercializing U CO IAT2
M
engineered tissues? 5
19 Give two examples of tissue-engineered products currently in R CO IAT2
M
the market. 5
20 What agencies regulate tissue-engineered products in India or R CO IAT2
M
globally? 5

PART – B

D.L Test
Q.N
Questions M BT CO (E/M/ IAT1/
o IAT2
T)
Explain the applications of tissue engineering in bone, 1 CO IAT2
1 U E
cartilage, and skin replacement. 6 5
Describe the challenges and strategies in engineering 1 U CO IAT2
2 M
pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues. 6 AP 5
A 45-year-old patient suffers a severe cardiac infarction, 1 CO IAT2
leading to permanent damage in a section of the heart. The 6 5
surgical team considers using a tissue-engineered cardiac
patch made of biodegradable polymer seeded with induced
pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

As a biomedical engineer, analyze the critical design

features required for this cardiac patch to function
effectively. A
3 T
N
 What material properties are needed for the
scaffold?
 How will you ensure vascular integration and
electrical coupling with the native tissue?
 What regulatory and safety aspects must be
addressed before clinical application?

Explain cardiac tissue regeneration with a focus on 1 CO IAT2

4 U M
scaffolds, cell types, and delivery methods. 6 5
Mention the significance of vascularization in muscle and 1 CO IAT2
5 U T
heart valve tissue engineering. 6 5
Analyze the significance of vascularization in muscle and 1 CO M IAT2
6 U
heart valve tissue engineering. 6 5
Explain the stages and considerations in commercializing a 1 CO IAT2
7 R M
tissue-engineered product. 6 5
Compare the regulatory frameworks of tissue engineering in 1 A CO IAT2
8 M
the US, EU, and India. 6 N 5
Discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of 1 CO IAT2
9 U T
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 6 5
10 A biotech startup has developed a tissue-engineered skin 1 A CO T IAT2
substitute using keratinocyte sheets layered on a 6 N 5
biodegradable hydrogel. The product has shown promising
results in preclinical animal trials for burn wound healing.

You are part of the commercialization and regulatory

advisory team.

 Identify and explain the key steps the company must

undertake to move from preclinical testing to human
 trials.
 What are the major regulatory hurdles they may face
(FDA/DCGI/EMA etc.)?
 How would you assess market viability and address
ethical concerns in product deployment?

Faculty HoD Dean-Academics Principal