THE PROSPECT OF FARMING IN THE ADVENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of the
GOLDEN WEST COLLEGES
Alaminos City, Pangasinan
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
RESEARCH 1
By
RICHELLE MHAE L. BARNACHEA
DANICA G. BALDEO
KIMBERLY BUMACOD
REMILYN CADLAON
RHEA G. MORALES
CAMILLE JOY O. ROSARIO
2025-2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM
Background of Study
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Framework
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study
The Philippines is known for its highly fertile land that supports the cultivation of
various types of crops. However, farmers in the country face growing challenges as climate
change significantly impacts their livelihood. In fact, over the past twenty years, the
Philippines has been identified as the fourth most climate risk–affected country in the world
(Un Philippines, 2021). Changes in weather patterns have disrupted traditional farming
practices. Furthermore, natural phenomena such as typhoons, droughts, and pest infestations
have posed greater challenges to farmers, affecting crop yields and productivity. These
conditions have also forced farmers to spend more on production costs while earning less
profit after selling their harvest. Consequently, due to low income and financial instability,
many small-scale farmers have chosen to sell their land and seek other sources of livelihood.
As climate conditions continue to shift, farmers are confronted with new challenges
that demand adaptation, innovation, and greater support from both the government and local
communities. Hence, this study aims to examine the effects of climate change on farming and
identify possible strategies that can help farmers cope with these changes, ensuring that
agriculture remains a sustainable and resilient source of livelihood in the future.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the Prospect of Farming in the Advent of Climate
Change.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the farmer-respondents in terms of:
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Educational attainment
d. Years of farming experience
e. Type of farming practiced
f. Size of farmland
g. Ownership of farmland
h. Average monthly income from farming
2. How does climate change affect farming activities in terms of:
a. Crop production and yield
b. Soil condition and water supply
c. Pests and diseases
d. Cost of farming inputs
3. What are the challenges faced by farmers in sustaining their farming
activities amid climate change in terms of:
a. Financial constraints
b. Limited access to resources and technology
c. Lack of government support or information
4. What are the coping and adaptation strategies of farmers to the effects
of climate change in terms of:
a. Use of new farming techniques or technologies
b. Diversification of crops
c. Access to weather and climate information
5. What are the farmers’ perceptions of the future prospects of farming in
the advent of climate change in terms of:
a. Sustainability of their livelihood
b. Willingness to continue farming
c. Hope for government and community support
d. Readiness to adopt climate-resilient practices
Scope and Delimitation
The study will focus on the Prospect of Farming in the Advent of Climate Change. It
aims to determine how climate change affect farming practices, crop production, and
livelihood sustainability. Moreover, it intends to identify the adaptation strategies utilized by
the local farmers. The research will cover areas such as the impact of changing weather, the
challenges faced by farmers, and the future outlook of farming.
The study is delimited to the farmers residing and actively engaging in farming
activities within the Municipality of Bani, Pangasinan. The data will be collected through
surveys and interviews to assess the farmers’ experiences and perceptions regarding the
impact of climate change and the future condition of farming.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant because it seeks to understand the challenges and
opportunities faced by farmers in improving agricultural productivity and sustainability.
The findings of this research will benefit the following:
Farmers: The study will provide valuable insights into effective farming practices,
new technologies, and sustainable methods that can help increase crop yield and income.
Local Government and Policy Makers: Results of this research may serve as a basis
for developing programs, policies, and support systems aimed at improving the living
conditions of farmers and ensuring food security.
Agricultural Sector: It will contribute to the body of knowledge in agriculture by
identifying factors that affect farmers’ productivity and the strategies that can enhance their
performance.
Researchers and Educators: The findings may serve as a reference for future studies
related to farming, rural development, and agricultural innovation.
Community: Ultimately, improving the welfare of farmers benefits the entire
community by ensuring a stable food supply and promoting economic growth.
Definition of Terms
Prospect – means the future possibility or potential for growth, development, or
success in farming and agricultural activities.
Farming – is the practice of growing crops and raising animals for food, and other
products.
Advent – the appearance of noticeable changes in the climate, such as rising
temperatures, unusual rainfall, or more frequent extreme weather.
Farmers – are the people who grow crops to produce food or other agricultural
products.
Climate Change – refers to the long-term changes in temperature, rainfall, and
weather patterns.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
This chapter reviews different studies and literature that focus on the effects of
climate change on farming. The main goal is to understand how changing weather patterns
influence agricultural activities and what strategies farmers use to adapt. These related works
serve as a foundation for the present research titled “The Prospect of Farming in the Advent
of Climate Change.” The materials reviewed explain how farmers are affected by climate
change, how they adjust to environmental challenges, and how sustainable farming can help
ensure the future of agriculture.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2020) stated that climate change has
become a serious global issue affecting food supply. Extreme heat, flooding, and droughts
have led to lower yields and damaged crops. FAO, 2020 emphasized that farmers need to
adopt eco-friendly and resilient farming techniques to protect the environment and sustain
food production.
The impact of climate change on global food supply is undeniable. With extreme
weather events like heatwaves, floods, and droughts threatening crop yields and food
security, it's imperative for farmers to adopt sustainable and climate-resilient practices. There
is an urgent need for a collective effort to address this pressing issue and build a more
resilient agricultural system.
Mendoza and Ramos (2019) studied farmers in Central Luzon and found that
most of farmers are aware of climate change but still lack proper knowledge and access to
climate information. They recommended continuous education programs and partnerships
between local farmers and agricultural agencies. Thus, local governments should provide
farmers with training and financial support to improve their resilience.
By leveraging existing social networks and grassroots structures, local governments
can ensure that climate resilience initiatives reach a wider audience. For instance, training
farmers can help cascade knowledge and skills to other farmers, fostering a culture of
resilience and cooperation within communities. This approach not only enhances the adoption
of climate-smart practices but also strengthens the overall adaptive capacity of agricultural
communities.
Santos and Dela Cruz (2023) explored how young Filipino farmers use technology to
adapt to climate change. Tools such as mobile weather apps and social media marketing help
them manage their farms better and increase productivity despite climate challenges .
Conceptual Framework
This conceptual framework illustrates the relationship between the profile of farmers,
their adaptation measures, and the prospects of farming in the advent of climate change. It
follows the Input–Process–Output model, showing how the characteristics and strategies of
farmers influence the future sustainability and productivity of farming.
Profile of the Farmers: Farming Strategies and Prospects of Farming in
Adaptation Measures: the Advent of Climate
a. Age
CHAPTER 3 Change:
b. Gender • Water and Soil
c. Educational Conservation Practices • Level of Productivity
Attainment
• Crop Diversification • Income Stability
d. Years in Farming
• Support from • Sustainability of Farming
e. Type of Farming
Government or NGOs Practices
Practiced
f. Size of Farmland • Access to Weather and • Farmers’ Future Outlook
g. Ownership of Climate Information and Continuity in Farming
Farmland
• Adaption of Modern
h. Average Monthly
Farming Technologies
income from
Farming
Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study will employ a descriptive research design to gather factual information
regarding the current situation, challenges, and prospects of farming in the advent of climate
change. The respondents will consist of farmers from Bani, Pangasinan. The study will
employ a purposive sampling technique, wherein the participants will be selected based on
their direct experience and involvement in farming. The researchers will use both survey
questionnaire and in depth interview to gather data from 20 respondents. The data gathered
from the survey will be organized, tabulated, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as
frequency, percentage, and mean. Thematic analysis will be use to analyze the data collected
from the interviews.
References
Cambridge University Press. Mendoza, L., & Ramos, J. (2019). Farmers’ perception and
awareness of climate change in Central Luzon. Philippine Journal of Rural Development,
40(3), 60–72.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020). Climate Change and Food Security. Rome: FAO
Publications.
Santos, A., & Dela Cruz, M. (2023). Technology use and innovation among young Filipino
farmers. Journal of Philippine Development Studies, 5(1), 21–35.
United Nations. (2021). Challenging the Change: The Growing Impact of Climate Change
on PH Food Security and Livelihoods [Link]
growing-impact-climate-change-ph-food-security-and-livelihoods