Republic of Iraq
Ministry of Higher Education
and Scientific Research
Al-Nahrain University
College of Information Engineering
Department of Cyber Security
EXPERIMENT
“2”
(Ohm’s law)
Student’s name: Mina Sabah Fadhel
Professors’ names: MSc. Sarah Rabee
MSc. Sally Abd Al-Kareem
Procedure:
1-the circuit is connected as in figure shown in the laboratory
sheet below then the circuit is supplied with 10V from the
power supply and the voltage of each resistance have to be
calculated. Therefore,the first resistance voltage=1.93V while
second and third resistances both equals 4.7V because they are
in parallel combination.
2-the circuit is connected as in the second figure below in the
LAB sheet then it is supplied with voltage of 10V after that we
can control the resistance value and we can see that when
resistance value increases the current decrease because it’s
inversely proportional.
3- the circuit is connected as in the last figure in the sheet the
resistance is 2.2kΩ and the voltage isn’t constant therefore,
when the voltage is inserted as a low value the current
also had a low value and when the voltage supplied to the
circuit is high the current is also high therefore we can
conclude that the voltage and current relation is directly
proportional.
Discussion:
1-The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curve passes through the origin for many
ohmic devices (like a simple resistor or a piece of wire) due to Ohm's Law, which
states:
V=IRV = IRV=IR
Here’s what’s going on:
At 0 volts, if there's no applied voltage across a device, no current flows
through it.
Mathematically: if V=0V = 0V=0, then I=0I = 0I=0, since I=VRI =
\frac{V}{R}I=RV.
Graphically: this means the point (0,0)(0, 0)(0,0) is always on the I-V graph
for such a device.
So, for linear, ohmic components, the graph is a straight line through the origin,
and the slope of the line represents the resistance.
When does it not pass through the origin?
Not all devices follow this! Here are some examples where it doesn't:
Diodes or transistors: these have a threshold voltage before they conduct,
so the graph starts curving away from the origin.
Batteries: they can have a voltage even when no current flows.
Non-ohmic devices: like filament bulbs, where resistance changes with
temperature.
2-Ohm’s Law Definition:
Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to
the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance, provided the
temperature remains constant and the material behaves ohmically (i.e., it follows
Ohm’s Law).
Mathematically:
V=IRV = IRV=IR
� Three Relationships:
1. Current (I) and Voltage (V)
Relationship:
Current is directly proportional to voltage:
I∝V(if R is constant)I \propto V \quad \text{(if R is
constant)}I∝V(if R is constant)
Condition:
Resistance RRR must remain constant (e.g., in an ohmic resistor).
As voltage increases, current increases in proportion.
2. Current (I) and Resistance (R)
Relationship:
Current is inversely proportional to resistance:
I∝1R(if V is constant)I \propto \frac{1}{R} \quad \text{(if V is constant)}I∝R1
(if V is constant)
Condition:
Voltage VVV must remain constant.
As resistance increases, current decreases.
3. Voltage (V) and Resistance (R)
Relationship:
Voltage is directly proportional to resistance:
V∝R(if I is constant)V \propto R \quad \text{(if I is
constant)}V∝R(if I is constant)
Condition:
Current III must remain constant.
As resistance increases, voltage increases.
LAB sheets: