SOLUTION TO REVIEW EXERCISES: 𝑉 = 3,760 − 95.

76
13.1. Using the prismoidal correction formula, find the corrected volume of cut 𝑽 = 𝟑, 𝟔𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟒 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
between stations 80 m apart if the areas of the irregular section in cut at stations
are 26 sq.m. and 68 sq.m., respectively. Base width = 8 m, side slope is 1:1.
Solution: 13.2. Given the cross-section notes below of the ground which will be excavated for
a roadway, compute the volume of excavation between station 4+000 and
4+020. The roadway is 9 m wide with the slope of 1.5:1.
7.38 0.00 12.285
Station 4+000
1.92 3.15 5.19
8.82 0.00 10.08
Station 4+020
2.88 2.52 3.72
Solution:
1 1
𝐴1 = (4.5)(1.92) + (3.15)(7.38) +
2 2
1 1
(3.15)(12.285) + (4.5)(5.19)
2 2

𝐴1 = 46.97 𝑚2
1 1
𝐴2 = (4.5)(2.88) + (2.52)(8.82) +
2 2
1 1
(2.52)(10.08) + (4.5)(3.72)
2 2

𝐴1 =
𝑏1 +𝑏2
ℎ; 26 =
8+(8+2𝐶1 )
𝐶1 𝐴2 = 38.66 𝑚2
2 2
1
𝐶1 = 2.48 𝑚 𝑉𝑒 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿

𝑏1 +𝑏2 8+(8+2𝐶2 ) 1
𝐴2 = ℎ; 68 = 𝐶2 𝑉𝑒 = (46.97 + 38.66)(20)
2 2 2

𝐶2 = 5.16 𝑚 𝑽𝒆 = 𝟖𝟓𝟔. 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)

26+68
𝐴𝑚 = 2
= 47 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐿 80 13.3. From the following cross-section notes, compute the corrected volumes of cut
𝑉𝑝 = 6 (𝐴1 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 ) = 6
[26 + 4(47) + 68] = 3,760 𝑚3 and fill, find the road bed being 6 m wide in cut and 4.8 m in fill. The side
𝐿 80 slope for both cut and fill is 1:1.
𝐶𝑝 = 12 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )(𝑏1 − 𝑏2 ) = 12 (5.16 − 2.48)(18.32 − 12.96) 5.04 0.60 0.00 5.46
Station 3+000
-2.64 0.00 0.39 2.46
𝐶𝑝 = 95.76 𝑚3 5.82 1.02 0.00 4.80
Station 2+980
-3.42 0.00 0.60 1.80
Solution: 13.4. Given the following cross-sections. Determine the volume between stations
2+100 and 2+160. Side slope 1.5:1, width of roadway = 20 m.
For Cut:
1
? 12.00 0.00 10.00 ?
𝐴1 = (0.6)(0.39) + 2+100
2 -6.2 -6.00 -5.30 -4.00 -8.80
1 1
(0.39)(5.46) + (3)(2.46) ? 8.00 0.00 8.00 ?
2 2 2+160
-4.20 -5.00 -6.50 -2.00 -7.60
𝐴1 = 4.87 𝑚2 Solution:
𝑎 1.5
1 =
𝐴2 = 2 (0.6)(1.02) + 6.2 1

1 1 𝑎 = 9.30
(0.6)(4.8) + (3)(1.8)
2 2
𝑥1 = 19.30
𝐴2 = 4.45 𝑚2
𝑏 1.5
1 =
𝑉𝑒 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 8.8 1

1 𝑏 = 13.2
𝑉𝑒 = (4.87 + 4.45)(20)
2
𝑥2 = 23.2
𝑉𝑒 = 93.20 𝑚3
𝑐 1.5
4.2
= 1
𝐿 20
𝐶𝑝 = (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )(𝑏1 − 𝑏2 ) = (0.6 − 0.39)(5.82 − 6.06) = −0.084
12 12
𝑐 = 6.30
𝟑
𝑉 = 93.20 − (−0.084) = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟐𝟖𝟒 𝒎 (Ans.)
𝑥3 = 16.30
𝑑 1.5
For Fill: 7.6
= 1
1
𝐴1 = (1.8)(2.64) = 2.38 𝑚2 𝑑 = 11.4
2

1
𝐴2 = 2 (1.38)(3.42) = 2.36 𝑚2 𝑥4 = 21.4
1 (5.3+4) (6+5.3) (6.2+6) 1
1 1 𝐴1 = (4)(13.2) + (10) + (12) + (7.3) − (6.2)(9.3)
𝑉𝑒 = (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 = (2.38 + 2.36)(20) 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
𝐴1 = 156.40 𝑚2
𝑉𝑒 = 47.40 𝑚3
4.2+5 1 5+6.5 6.5+2 2+7.6 1
𝐴2 = (8.3) − (4.2)(6.3) + (8) + (8) + (13.4) − (7.6)(11.4)
𝐿 20 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝐶𝑝 = (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )(𝑏1 − 𝑏2 ) = (3.42 − 2.64)(1.38 − 1.8) = −0.546
12 12
𝐴2 = 125.95 𝑚2
𝟑
𝑉 = 47.40 − (−0.546) = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝟔 𝒎 (Ans.) 1 1
𝑉𝑒 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 = 2 (156.4 + 125.95)(60)
 𝑽𝒆 = 𝟖, 𝟒𝟕𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.) 𝑽𝒄𝒖𝒕 = 𝟓𝟕𝟗. 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
1 1
𝑉𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 = 2 (0 + 11.47)(60)

13.5. Given the following sections. Determine the volumes of cut and fill. 𝑽𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒍 = 𝟑𝟒𝟒. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
Base for cut = 9 m S.S. for cut = 1:1
Base for fill = 8 m S.S. for fill = 1.5:1
? 0.00 ? 13.6. Given the following sections. Determine the volume of the prismoid. The base
Sta. 1+020
0.98 3.05 0.50
is 6 m and the side slope is 1.25:1.
? 0.00 ?
Sta. 1+080
-1.84 -1.22 -0.42 4.05 3.00 0.00 3.00 7.05
Solution: Sta.1+040
0.84 3.50 2.85 2.12 3.24
𝑎 1 7.80 2.00 0.00 4.00 5.65
= 1; 𝑎 = 0.98 Sta.1+060
0.98 3.84 2.42 3.25 2.50 2.12
Solution:
𝑥1 = 5.48
3.5+0.84
𝑏 1
𝐴1 = (1.05) −
2
= ; 𝑏 = 0.50 1
0.50 1 (1.05)(0.84) +
2
3.5+2.85 2.85+2.12
𝑥2 = 5.00 2
(3) +
2
(3) +
1
𝑐 1.5 (4.05)(2.12)
1.84
= 1
; 𝑐 = 2.76 2

𝐴1 = 23.11 𝑚2
𝑥3 = 6.76
1
𝑑 1.5 𝐴2 = (1)(3.84) +
2
0.42
= 1
; 𝑑 = 0.63 1 2.42+3.25
(2.42)(5.8) + (2) +
2 2
3.25+2.5 2.5+2.12
𝑥4 = 4.63 (4) + (1.65) −
2 2
1
(2.12)(2.65)
2

1 1 1 1
𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 2 (4.5)(0.98) + 2 (3.05)(5.48) + 2 (3.05)(5) + 2 (4.5)(0.5) 𝐴2 = 27.11 𝑚2
1 1
𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 19.31 𝑚2 𝑉𝑒 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 = 2 (23.11 + 27.11)(20)
1 1 1 1
𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 2 (1.84)(4) + 2 (1.22)(6.76) + 2 (1.22)(4.63) + 2 (4)(0.42) 𝑽𝒆 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)

𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 11.47 𝑚2
1 1
𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 = 2 (19.31 + 0)(60)
13.7. The following cross-section notes are for a road passing a hilly country. The 𝑎 1
4.5
= 1; 𝑎 = 4.5 𝑥1 = 5.5
roadbed is 11 m for cut, 10 m for side hill and 9 m for hill. The slope for cut is
1:1 and 1.5:1 for fill. Find the volume by prismoidal formula. 𝑏 1.5
3
= 1
; 𝑏 = 4.5 𝑥2 = 4.5
Station 1+020 𝑐 1
4.5
= 1; 𝑎 = 4.5 𝑥3 = 5.5
10.00 5.50 3.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 4.50 9.00
4.50 3.50 2.60 2.30 1.50 0 -1.50 -3.00 𝑑 1.5
= ; 𝑎 = 4.5 𝑥4 = 4.5
Station 1+040 3 1

10.00 5.50 3.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 4.50 9.00 For Cut:
4.50 4.00 0.00 -1.00 -1.50 -1.70 -2.00 -3.00
1 2.3+1.5 2.6+2.3 3.5+2.6 1
Solution: 𝐴1 = (2)(1.5) + (2.2) + (0.8) + (2.5) + (3.5)(4.5)
2 2 2 2 2

2
𝐴1 = 23.14 𝑚
1 1
𝐴2 = 2 (4)(5.5) + 2 (4.5)(4) = 20 𝑚2
1
𝐴𝑚 = 2 (23.14 + 20) = 21.57 𝑚2
𝐿 20
𝑉𝑝 = (𝐴1 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 ) = [23.14 + 4(21.57) + 20]
6 6

𝑽𝒑 = 𝟒𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)

For Fill:
1 1
𝐴1 = (4.5)(1.5) + (3)(4.5) = 10.12 𝑚2
2 2

1 1+1.5 1.5+1.7 1.7+2 1

𝐴2 = 2 (2)(1) + 2
(2) +
2
(2) +
2
(2.5) + (2)(4.5)
2

𝐴2 = 15.82 𝑚2
1
𝐴𝑚 = (10.12 + 15.82) = 12.97 𝑚2
2
𝐿 20
𝑉𝑝 = 6 (𝐴1 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 ) = [10.12 + 4(12.97) + 15.82]
6

𝑽𝒑 = 𝟐𝟓𝟗. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
13.8. It is required to determine the earthwork volume of a portion of a road 𝐿 40
𝑉𝑝 = 6 (𝐴1 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 ) = [12.87 + 4(18.59) + 24.31]
6
construction grading work, base on the following cross-section notes below.
Sta.7+460
X 2.40 0.00 2.40 X 𝑉𝑝 = 743.6 𝑚3
2.32 0.60 1.92 1.52 1.32
𝐿 40
X 3.50 0.00 3.75 X 𝐶𝑝 = 12 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )(𝑏1 − 𝑏2 ) = 12 (1.92 − 1.6)(12.46 − 14.65) = −2.34
Sta.7+500
2.70 3.22 1.60 2.00 2.40
Base is 7.0 meters and side slope are 1.5:1. Compute the volume by applying 𝑉 = 743.6 − (−2.34) = 𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
the prismoidal correction.
Solution:
13.9. Given the following cross-section field notes of an earthwork on a rolling
𝑎 1.5
= ; 𝑎 = 3.48 terrain. If the width of road is 12 meters and the side slope is 2.5:1 compute
2.32 1
the volume by;
𝑥1 = 6.98 a. End area, applying the prismoidal correction.
𝑏 1.5 b. End area correction for curvature if the road is on a 6° curve which turns
1.32
= 1
; 𝑏 = 1.98 to the right with the given cross-section.
𝑥2 = 5.48 Station 5+000 Station 5+020
Left Center Right Left Center Right
𝑐 1.5
2.70
= 1
; 𝑐 = 4.05 31 0 13.5 41 0 17.25
10 5 3 14 7 4.5
𝑥3 = 7.55 Solution:
𝑑 1.5 1 1 1 1
2.4
= 1
; 𝑑 = 3.6 𝐴1 = 2 (6)(10) + 2 (5)(31) + 2 (5)(13.5) + 2 (6)(3) = 150.25 𝑚2

𝑥4 = 7.10 1 1 1 1
𝐴2 = 2 (6)(14) + 2 (7)(41) + 2 (7)(17.25) + 2 (6)(4.5) = 259.375
2.32 + 0.6 1 0.6 + 1.92 1 1
𝐴1 = (4.58) − (2.32)(3.48) + (2.4) 𝑉𝑒 = (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝐿 = (150.25 + 259.375)(20) = 4,096.25 𝑚3
2 2 2 2 2
1.92 + 1.52 1.52 + 1.32 1
+ (2.4) + (3.08) − (1.98)(1.32) 𝐿 20
2 2 2 𝐶𝑝 = 12 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )(𝑏1 − 𝑏2 ) = 12 (5 − 7)(44.5 − 58.25) = 45.83
𝐴1 = 12.87 𝑚2
𝑉 = 4,096.25 − 45.83 = 𝟒, 𝟎𝟓𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
1 3.22+1.6 1.6+2 2+2.4 1
𝐴2 = (3.22)(4.05) + (3.5) + (3.5) + (3.35) − (2.4)(3.6) 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
𝐴𝑠1 = 150.25 − [2 (5)(13.5) + 2 (6)(3)] (2) = 64.75 𝑚2
𝐴2 = 24.31 𝑚2
1 1
1
𝐴𝑠2 = 259.375 − [2 (7)(17.25) + 2 (6)(4.5)] (2) = 111.625 𝑚2
(12.87 + 2
𝐴𝑚 = 24.31) = 18.59 𝑚
2
1 1
𝑒1 = 3 𝐷1 = 3 (44.5) = 14.83
 1 1 Volume of Cut:
𝑒2 = 3 𝐷2 = 3 (58.25) = 19.42
𝐴
1145.916 1145.916 𝑉1 = (ℎ1 + 2 ∑ ℎ2 + 3 ∑ ℎ3 + 4 ∑ ℎ4 )
𝑅= = = 190.986 𝑚 4
𝐷 6°
20×20
𝐿 20 𝑉1 = [(4.3 + 0.7 + 1.3 + 0.6 + 2.2) + 2(2.5 + 4.3 + 5.8) + 3(3.2)]
𝑉𝑐 = 2𝑅 [𝐴𝑠1 𝑒1 + 𝐴𝑠2 𝑒2 ] = 2(190.986) [64.75(14.83) + 111.625(19.42)] 4

𝑉1 = 4,390 𝑚3
𝑉𝑐 = 163.78 𝑚3
6.4(20) 7+0+1.3 16.2(20) 0+1.3+0
𝟑 𝑉2 = [ 3 ]+ 2 [ 3 ] = 247.27 𝑚3
𝑉 = 4,096.25 + 163.78 = 𝟒, 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎 (Ans.) 2

16.2(13.7) 1.3+0+0
𝑉3 = 2
[ 3 ] = 48.09 𝑚3
13.10. A square lot is divided into 20 m squares and the corners are numbered I- 20(13.7) 3.2+1.3+0 20(20) 3.2+0+1.6 14.5(6.3) 1.6+0+0
𝑉4 = [ ]+ 2 [ ]+ [ 3 ] = 549.86
IV vertical and A-D horizontally. The ground elevations of the different 2 3 3 2
corners are given in the table below. It is required to grade to a level surface 20(7.1) 1.6+0+0.6 14.5(20) 1.6+0+0
𝑉5 = [ ]+ 2 [ 3 ] = 129.4 𝑚3
of elevation 11 m. Allowing a shrinkage factor of 25 percent. 2 3
a. What is the excess excavated materials available after the grading work is
𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 4,390 + 247.27 + 48.09 + 549.86 + 129.4 = 5,364.62 𝑚3
completed?
b. Which is more profitable to sell the excess materials at P3.00 a cubic meter Volume of Fill:
loose or sell it at P5.00 a cubic meter compacted?
13.6(20) 0+1.5+0 20(3.8) 1.5+0.3+0
𝑉1 = [ 3 ]+ 2 [ ] = 90.8 𝑚3
2 3
I II III IV
A 15.3 13.5 11.7 9.5 3.8(13.7) 0+0.3+0 20(20) 0+0.3+0.6 20(6.3) 0+1.3+0.6
𝑉2 = 2
[ 3 ]+ 2 [ 3
]+ 2 [ 3
] = 102.503
B 16.8 14.2 12.3 10.7
C 15.3 12.6 10.4 9.7 20(20)
D 13.2 11.6 9.9 8.8 𝑉3 = 4
[0.6 + 1.3 + 1.1 + 2.2] = 520 𝑚3
Solution: 5.5(20) 0+0.6+1.1 12.9(20) 0+0+1.1
𝑉4 = 2
[ 3
]+ 2 [ 3 ] = 78.47 𝑚3
I II III IV
A 4.3 2.5 0.7 -1.5 5.6(6.3) 0+0+0.6
𝑉5 = [ 3 ] = 3.528 𝑚3
2
B 5.8 3.2 1.3 -0.3
C 4.3 1.6 -0.6 -1.3 𝑉𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 90.8 + 102.503 + 520 + 78.47 + 3.528 = 795.301 𝑚3
D 2.2 0.6 -1.1 -2.2
𝑥𝐴 =
(20−𝑥𝐴 )(0.7)
= 6.36 𝑥𝐵 =
(20−𝑥𝐵 )(1.3)
= 16.25 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 795.301(1.25) = 994.126 𝑚3
1.5 0.3

(20−𝑥𝐶 )(1.6) (20−𝑥𝐷 )(0.6)

𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 5,364.62 − 994.126 = 𝟒, 𝟑𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
𝑥𝐶 = 0.6
= 14.5 𝑥𝐷 = 1.1
= 7.06
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 4,379.494(3) = 𝑃13,138.48
(20−𝑥𝐼𝐼𝐼 )(1.3)
𝑥𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 0.6
= 13.68 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 = (4,379.494)(0.75)(5) = 𝑃16,423.10
Therefore, the most profitable is the compacted material. (Ans.) 20+10 15.5+14.4+11.5+11.9
𝑉3 = 2
(20) [
4
] = 3,997.5 𝑚3

𝑉 = 64,400 + 1,606.67 + 3,997.5

13.11. A house lot ABCDE shown is to leveled 10 m higher than elevation of BM1
𝑽 = 𝟕𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟒. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)
whose elevation is 0. Elevations of each points is based on BM1. The square
section is 20 m x 20 m. The elevations are as follows: 𝐴1 =
24.8+22.3
(20) +
22.3+20.2
(20) +
20.2+23.3
(20) = 1,331 𝑚2
c. Find the volume of earth removed by unit area. 2 2 2

d. Find the volume of earth removed by parallel section. 21.5+19.3 19.3+21.9 21.9+18.3
𝐴2 = 20 [ + + ] = 1,222 𝑚2
2 2 2

19.2+16.3 16.3+17.9 17.9+15.5 15.5+14.4

𝐴3 = 20 [ 2
+ 2
+ 2
]+ 2
(10) = 1,180.5 𝑚2

16.2+13.5 13.5+12.8 12.8+11.5 11.5+11.9

𝐴4 = 20 [ + + + ] = 1,037 𝑚2
2 2 2 2
𝐿 20
𝑉1−2 = 2 (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) = 2
(1,331 + 1,222) = 25,530 𝑚3
𝐿 20
𝑉2−3 = 2 (𝐴2 + 𝐴3 ) = 2
(1,222 + 1,180.5) = 24,025 𝑚3
𝐿 20
𝑉3−4 = 2 (𝐴3 + 𝐴4 ) = 2
(1,180.5 + 1,037) = 22,175 𝑚3

𝑉 = 25,530 + 24,025 + 22,175

Solution: 𝑽 = 𝟕𝟏, 𝟕𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)

𝐴
𝑉1 = 4 (ℎ1 + 2 ∑ ℎ2 + 3 ∑ ℎ3 + 4 ∑ ℎ4 )
13.12. Here under shows a table of quantities of earthworks of a portion of a
∑ ℎ1 = 24.8 + 23.3 + 16.2 + 11.5 = 55.8 proposed national road to be constructed to connect some provinces in the
∑ ℎ2 = 22.3 + 20.2 + 21.5 + 18.3 + 19.2 + 15.5 + 13.5 + 12.8 = 143.3 Central Luzon. The length of the free haul distance is specified to be 50 m
long. It is required to determine the stationing if the limits of free haul distance
∑ ℎ3 = 0 so as not to include its cost in the computation of overhaul.
∑ ℎ4 = 19.3 + 21.9 + 16.3 + 17.9 = 75.4 Station Cut Fill
20(20)
2+000 60 sq.m.
𝑉1 = 4
[55.8 + 2(143.3) + 3(0) + 4(75.4)] = 64,600 𝑚3 2+020 35 sq.m.
2+040 20 sq.m.
10(20) 18.3+15.5+14.4
𝑉2 = 2
[ 3
] = 1,606.67 𝑚3 2+060 10 sq.m.
2+080 0
2+100 15 sq.m.
 2+120 60 sq.m. Limits of Free Haul:
2+140 100 sq.m.
Solution: 𝑆𝑡𝑎. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 2,060 − 7.66
𝑺𝒕𝒂. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 = 𝟐 + 𝟎𝟓𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 (Ans.)
𝑆𝑡𝑎. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 3,000 + (10 − 7.66)
𝑺𝒕𝒂. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 = 𝟑 + 𝟎𝟎𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 (Ans.)

13.13. The cross-sectional area of station 1+460 is 40 sq.m. in fill at stations 2+060
is 60 sq.m. in cut. The free haul distance is 50 m while the cost of borrow is
P4.00 per cubic meter while the cost of excavation is P3.50 per cubic meter.
Cost of haul is P0.20 per meter station. Balancing point is at station 1+760.
Assume the ground surface to be sloping upward up to station 1+760 and then
with a slightly steeper slope to station 2+060. Determine (a) the stationing of
the limits of free haul, (b) the stationing of the limits of economical haul, (c)
the overhaul volume, (d) the length of overhaul, (e) the cost of haul, (f) the
cost of waste, and (g) the cost of borrow.
Solution:

𝑥 20 𝑥 ℎ 45 9(10−𝑥)
𝑦
= 10; 𝑦=2 10−𝑥
= 20; ℎ= 4

𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

1 1 1 1
(20)(10) + 10(𝑥) + (𝑦)(𝑥) = (20)(15) + 15(10 − 𝑥) + ℎ(10 − 𝑥)
2 2 2 2

1 𝑥 1 90−9𝑥
100 + 10𝑥 + 2 (2) (𝑥) = 150 + 150 − 15𝑥 + 2 ( 4
) (10 − 𝑥)

𝑥2
100 + 10𝑥 + = 300 − 15𝑥 + 112.5 − 11.25𝑥 − 11.25𝑥 + 1.125𝑥 2
4

0 = 312.5 − 47.5𝑥 + 0.875𝑥 2

𝑥 = 7.66 𝑚
 𝑥 300 2𝑥 ℎ 60 50−𝑥
𝑦
= 40
; 𝑦 = 15 50−𝑥
= 300; ℎ= 5

Volume of excavation equals volume of embankment:

1 1
𝑥𝑦 = ℎ(50 − 𝑥)
2 2

1 2𝑥 1 50−𝑥
(𝑥) ( ) = ( ) (50 − 𝑥)
2 15 2 5

𝑥2 1
15
= 10 (2500 − 100𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
1
0 = 30 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 250

𝑥 = 27.52
(7.34 + 𝑏)(𝑎) = (9 + 𝑐)(400 − 𝑎)
Stationing of Limit of Freehaul: 3.67𝑎 1800−4.5𝑎
(7.34 + 27.52) (𝑎) = (9 + 22.48
) (400 − 𝑎)
(1 + 760) − 27.52 = 𝟏 + 𝟕𝟑𝟐. 𝟒𝟖 (Ans.)
𝑎 = 220.25 𝑚
(1 + 760) + 27.52 = 𝟏 + 𝟕𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟐 (Ans.)
𝑏 = 29.37 𝑚
Limit of Economical Haul:
3.67+3.67+𝑏 7.34+29.37
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑤)×𝐶 4(20) 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = (𝑎) = (220.25)
𝐿𝐸𝐻 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑙)
+ 𝐹𝐻𝐷 = 0.2
+ 50 2 2

𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒂𝒖𝒍 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝟒, 𝟎𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟗 𝒎𝟑 (Ans.)

𝑳𝑬𝑯 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎 (Ans.)
Overhaul Volume:
𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑡
𝑦+𝑦+𝑏 ℎ+ℎ+𝑐
2
(𝑎) = 2
(400 − 𝑎)
3.67+3.67+𝑏 4.5+4.5+𝑐
(𝑎) = (400 − 𝑎)
2 2
𝑏 𝑏+𝑦 𝑏+3.67 3.67𝑎
𝑎
= 𝑎+27.52 = 𝑎+27.52; 𝑎𝑏 + 27.52𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 + 3.67𝑎; 𝑏 = 27.52
𝑐 𝑐+ℎ 𝑐+4.5
400−𝑎
= 422.48−𝑎 = 422.48−𝑎; 𝑐(422.48 − 𝑎) = (400 − 𝑎)(𝑐 + 4.5);
1800−4.5𝑎 1
𝑐= 4,042.69𝑥𝐿 = (29.37)(220.25)(146.83) + 220.25(3.67)(110.125)
22.48 2
 𝑥𝐿 = 139.49 𝑚
1
4,042.69𝑥𝑅 = (35.98)(179.75)(119.83) + 179.75(4.5)(89.875)
2

𝑥𝑅 = 113.83 𝑚
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 139.49 + 113.83
𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒂𝒖𝒍 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟐𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎 (Ans.)
Cost of Haul:
0.20(253.32)(4,042.69)
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑎𝑢𝑙 =
20

𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑯𝒂𝒖𝒍 = 𝑷𝟏𝟎, 𝟐𝟒𝟎. 𝟗𝟒 (Ans.)

Cost of Waste:
40.48+80
𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 = (97.77) = 5,889.66 𝑚3
2

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 = 5,889.66(𝑃3.50)

𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 = 𝑷𝟐𝟎, 𝟔𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟏 (Ans.)
Cost of Borrow:
33.04+40
𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑤 = 2
(52.23) = 1,907.44 𝑚3

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 = 1,907.44(𝑃4.00)

𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 = 𝑷𝟕, 𝟔𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟔 (Ans.)