DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
A sudden, calamitous event that disrupts the functioning
of a community or society & causes human, material and
economic or environmental losses that exceed the
community’s ability to cope up using its own resources.
United Nations
▪ A systematic process
• Planning
• Organizing
• Effectively managing
aftereffects of a disaster.
▪ Reducing the negative impacts of adverse events
▪ Avoiding risk of a disaster
▪ Preparing of a disaster before it occurs
▪ Responding to the disaster
▪ Supporting & rebuilding society
Sudden & violent shaking of ground causing
destruction as a result of movement of earth’s crust.
▪ Also known as quake , tremor,tremblor
▪ Potential to spur tsunami or volcanic eruption
▪ 1556 Shaanxi Earthquake in Central China
▪ killed 800,000 people
▪ people lived in caves at that time and region
▪ died from the collapsing of caves
▪ World’s largest earthquake
▪ Reading on Richter’s scale 9.2
Existing critical facilities should be inspected &
retrofitted if necessary to increase earthquake
resistance
▪ Future critical facilities should not be located on
reclaimed land
▪ Older buildings should not be used
A type of severe spinning storm that occurs
over the ocean near the tropics.
▪ Also called as Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones • Negligble damage to
Less than 125km/hr houses,crops,trees,buildings
• Minor house damage
Tropical cyclones • Significant damage to
125-169 km/hr trees,buildings,crops,small crafts.
• Power failure
Severe tropical cyclones • Roof & structural damage
170-224 km/hr • Power failure
• Significant roof & structural damage
Severe tropical cyclone
225-279km/hr • Dangerous airborne debris
• Widespread power failure
Severe tropical cyclone • Extremely dangerous with widespread
more than 280 km/hr destruction
Structural mitigation Nonstructural
mitigation
• Multipurpose cyclone structures
• Coastal belt plantation act as shield • Hazard mapping
reducing energy of cyclone • Land use control
• Construct buildings properly • Forecasting and warning
anchored to the ground and avoid • Community education
overhangs of roofs
• Regular inspection of critical
• Wind and water resistant buildings buildings
• Install communication lines
underground
Tsunamis are giant waves initiated by a sudden change,
usually in relative position of underwater tectonic
plates.
▪ also known as a seismic sea wave
▪ series of waves in a water body
▪ caused by the displacement of a large volume of
water in an ocean.
▪ Earthquake engineering measures-reduce damage caused
onshore.
▪ Japan 1896: tsunami science and response measure began ,as
countermeasure and response plans ,built many walls of 4.5
meters to protect populated coastal areas.
▪ Building of floodgates and channels for redirecting water of
incoming tsunami.
Disasters caused by
◦ Lava flows
◦ Volcanic mudflows
◦ Pyroclastic flows
Triggered by eruption .
▪ Eruptions occurring close to human settlements
may spill and destroy lives and property. People
often have to be evacuated.
▪ Ash discharged very high into the stratosphere
can have negative consequences on the ozone
layer.
▪ Landscapes and natural sceneries can be
destroyed.
▪ Ash and mud can mix with rain and melting
snow, forming lahars. Lahars are mudflows
flowing at very fast pace.
▪ 1815
◦ Threw rocks more than 100km3 of ash
◦ Killed 92,000 people
▪ 1883
◦ Rocks hurled 55km up into air
◦ Explosion was heard in Australia
◦ Generated 40m high tsunami
◦ Killed 36,000 people
▪ Learn about community warning systems
▪ Learn about disasters resulting from
volcanoes like earthquakes ,flooding
landslide , mudflows etc
▪ Have disaster supplies on hand like flashlight,
extra batteries ,first aid kit ,emergency food
and water etc
Flooding is unusual presence of water on
land to a depth which affects normal
activities.
▪ Watercourses should be properly lined with concrete
▪ Regular inspection of bridges
▪ Regular inspection of buildings
▪ Buildings constructed adjacent to water courses
should be elevated by 1 meter to prevent flood
havocs.
▪ Critical facilities should not be located adjacent to
watercourses.
▪ Road accidents
▪ Building and bridge collapse
▪ Terrorist attack
A road accident occurs when a vehicle collides with
another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris or other
stationary object such as tree or utility pole.
▪ known as MVC-motor vehicle collision
▪ Vehicle
✓design
✓Speed of operation
▪ Road
✓design
✓environment
▪ Human
✓driver skill
✓driver behaviour
✓visual and auditory acuity
✓decision-making ability
Injury
Death
Property damage
▪ 1990 1 million deaths
▪ 2013 1.4 million deaths
▪ WHO Global Status Report On Road Safety 2009
◦ 90% world fatalities low income and
middle income countries
◦ 2030 5th leading cause of death
Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of
engineering which deals with the ability of a structure to
support a designed load without breaking, tearing apart,
or collapsing, and includes the study of breakage that has
previously occurred in order to prevent failures in future
design.
▪ Road accidents-follow traffic rules & regulations
strictly
▪ Building & bridge collapse-use standard building
material
▪ Public awareness
▪ Devastating acts using weapons of mass destruction
including
✓Chemical agents
✓Biological agents
✓Nuclear devices
✓Explosives
▪ Social & economic loss
▪ Stay calm
▪ Listen to radio and television for news
▪ Follow instructions of emergency service personnel
▪ Be vigilant
▪ Prevents hazards to develop into disaster
▪ Reduce the effects of disaster when they occur
▪ Long term measure
▪ Structural (technological use)
▪ Non-structural (legislation)
▪ Cost efficient
▪ Physical risk assessment-identifying & evaluating
hazard
▪ Plan of action when the disaster strike
▪ Understandable communication plan
▪ Maintenance of emergency services
▪ Training of emergency response teams
▪ Development of emergency warning methods
like shelter and evacuation plan
▪ Maintaining disaster supplies & equipment
▪ Development of trained volunteers among
civilian population
▪ Casualty prediction
▪ Community Emergency Response Team
▪ Red Crescent
Mobilization of emergency services
▪ Core emergency services-police, ambulance, fire
fighters etc
▪ Military operation-
Disaster Relief Operation DRO
▪ Secondary emergency services
specialist rescue team
▪ Restoration of affected area to its previous state
▪ Actions involving
✓Rebuilding destroyed property
✓Implementation of mitigate measures