CHAPTER – 9

ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

Exercise 9.1

1. For the following A.P.s, write the first term ‘a’ and the common
difference ‘d’.
(i) 3, 1, – 1, – 3, …
Solution:
From the question,N AT IS
The first term a = 3

C N
PY
O C D
Then, difference d = 1 – 3 = -2
O IO
D U AA

–1–1=–2
O
– 3 – (– 1) = – 3 + 1 = – 2
ED PR

Therefore, common difference d = – 2

T
©

𝟏 𝟓 𝟗 𝟏𝟑
(ii) , , , , ….
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

Solution:
From the question,
1
The first term a =
3
5 1 (5−1) 4
Then, difference d = − = =
3 3 3 3
9 5 (9−5) 4
− = =
3 3 3 3
13 9 (13−9) 4
− = =
3 3 3 3
 4
Therefore, common difference d =
3

(iii) −𝟑. 𝟐, −𝟑, −𝟐. 𝟖, −𝟐. 𝟔, ….

Solution:
From the question,
The first term a = −3.2
Then, difference d = −3 − (−3.2) = −3 + 3.2 = 0.2
−2.8 − (−3) = −2.8 + 3 = 0.2
−2.6 − (−2.8) = −2.6 + 2.8 = 0.2
N AT IS
Therefore, common difference d = 0.2

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

2. Write first four terms of the A.P., when the first term a and the
O
common difference d are given as follows:
ED PR

(i) a = 10, d = 10
T
Solution:
©

From the question it is given that,

First term a = 10
Common difference d = 10
Then the first four terms are = 10 + 10 = 20
20 + 10 = 30
30 + 10 = 40
Therefore, first four terms are 10, 20, 30, and 40.
 (ii) a = - 2, d = 0
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term a = -2
Common difference d = 0
Then the first four terms are = -2 + 0 = -2
−2 + 0 = −2
−2 + 0 = −2
Therefore, first four terms are −2, −2, −2, and −2.
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
(iii) a = 4, d = -3
D U AA

Solution: O
ED PR

From the question it is given that,

T

First term a = 4
©

Common difference d = −3
Then the first four terms are = 4 + (−3) = 4 − 3 = 1
1 + (−3) = 1 − 3 = −2
−2 + (−3) = −2 − 3 = −5
Therefore, first four terms are 4, 1, -2, and -5.

𝟏 −𝟏
(iv) a= ,d=
𝟐 𝟔

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
 1
First term a =
2
−1
Common difference d =
6
1 −1 1 1 (3−1) 2 1
Then the first four terms are = + ( ) = − = = =
2 6 2 6 6 6 3
1 −1 1 1 (2−1) 1
+( )= − = =
3 6 3 6 6 6
1 −1 1 1
+( )= − = 0
6 6 6 6
1 1 1
Therefore, first four terms are , , and 0.
2 3 6
N AT IS
C N
PY
3. Which of the following lists of numbers form an A.P.? If they form
O C D

an A.P., Find the common difference d and write the next three
O IO
D U AA

terms:
(i) O
4, 10, 16, 22 ….
ED PR

Solution:
T

From the question it is given that,

©

First term a = 4
Common difference d = 10 − 4 = 6
16 − 10 = 6
22 − 16 = 6
Therefore, common difference d = 6
Hence, the numbers are form A.P.
(ii) −𝟐, 𝟐, −𝟐, 𝟐, …
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term a = −2
Common difference d = −2 − 2 = −4
−2 − 2 = −4
2 − (−2) = 2 + 2 = 4
Therefore, common difference d is not same in the given numbers.
Hence, the numbers are not form A.P.
(iii) 2, 4, 8, 16 ….
Solution:
N AT IS
From the question it is given that,

C N
First term a = 2

PY
O C D
O IO
Common difference d = 4 − 2 = 2
D U AA

8−4 =4 O
ED PR

16 − 8 = 8
T

Therefore, common difference d is not same in the given numbers.

©

Hence, the numbers are not form A.P.

𝟓 𝟕
(iv) 𝟐, , 𝟑, ….
𝟐 𝟐

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term a = 2
5 (5−4) 1
Common difference d = − 2 = =
2 2 2
5 (6−5) 1
3− = =
2 2 2
7 (7−6) 1
−3 = =
2 2 2
 1
Therefore, common difference d =
2

Hence, the numbers are form A.P.

(v) −𝟏𝟎, −𝟔, −𝟐, 𝟐 ….
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term a = −10
Common difference d = −6 − (−10) = −6 + 10 = 4
−2 − (−6) = −2 + 6 = 4
N AT IS
2 − (−2) = 2 + 2 = 4

C N
PY
O C D
Therefore, common difference d = 4
O IO
D U AA

Hence, the numbers are form A.P.

(vi) O
𝟏𝟐 , 𝟑𝟐 , 𝟓𝟐 , 𝟕𝟐 , ….
ED PR

Solution:
T

From the question it is given that,

©

First term a = 12 = 1
Common difference d = 32 − 12 = 9 − 1 = 8
52 − 32 = 25 − 9 = 16
72 − 52 = 49 − 25 = 24
Therefore, common difference d is not same in the given numbers.
Hence, the numbers are not form A.P.
 Exercise – 9.2

1. Find the A.P. whose nth term is 7 – 3K. Also find the 20th term.
Solution:
From the question it is given that
nth term is 7 – 3K
So, 𝑇𝑛 = 7 − 3𝑛
Now, we start giving values, 1, 2, 3 …. In the place of n, we get,
𝑇1 = 7 − (3 × 1) = 7 − 3 = 4
N AT IS
C N
𝑇2 = 7 − (3 × 2) = 7 − 6 = 1

PY
O C D
O IO
𝑇3 = 7 − (3 × 3) = 7 − 9 = −2
D U AA

O
𝑇4 = 7 − (3 × 4) = 7 − 12 = −5
ED PR

𝑇20 = 7 − (3 × 20) = 7 − 60 = −53

T

Therefore, A.P. is 4, 1, −2, −5 …

©

So, 20th term is -53.

2. Find the indicated terms in each of following A.P.s:

(i) 1, 6, 11, 16 …, a20
Solution:
From the question,
The first term a = 1
Then, difference d = 6 − 1 = 5
11 − 6 = 5
16 − 11 = 5
Therefore, common difference d = 5
From the formula, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 𝑎20 = 𝑎 + (20 − 1)𝑑
= 1 + (20 − 1)5
= 1 + (19)5
= 1 + 95
= 96
N AT IS
Therefore, 𝑎20 = 96

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

(ii) −𝟒, −𝟕, −𝟏𝟎, −𝟏𝟑, … . , 𝒂𝟐𝟓 , 𝒂𝒏

Solution: O
ED PR

From the question,

T

The first term a = -4

©

Then, difference d = −7 − (−4) = −7 + 4 = −3

−10 − (−7) = −10 + 7 = −3
−13 − (−10) = −13 + 10 = −3
Therefore, common difference d = - 3
From the formula, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 𝑎25 = 𝑎 + (25 − 1)𝑑
= −4 + (25 − 1)(−3)
= −4 + (24) − 3
= −4 − 72
= −76
Therefore, 𝑎25 = −76
Now, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎𝑛 = −4 + (𝑛 − 1) − 3
= −4 − 3𝑛 + 3
= −1 − 3𝑛

3. Find the nth term and the 12th term of the list of numbers:
𝟓, 𝟐, −𝟏, −𝟒, …
N AT IS
Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
From the question,
D U AA

O
The first term a = 5
ED PR

Then, difference d = 2 – 5 = – 3
−1 − 3 = −3
T
©

−4 − (−1) = −4 + 1 = −3
Therefore, common difference d = - 3
From the formula, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 5 + (𝑛 − 1) − 3
= 5 − 3𝑛 + 3
= 8 − 3𝑛
So, 𝑇12 = 𝑎 + (12 − 1)𝑑
= 5 + (12 − 1)(−3)
= 5 + (11) − 3
= 5 − 33
= −28

4.
(i) If the common difference of an A.P. is – 3 and the 18th term is
– 5, then find its first term.
Solution:
From the question,
N AT IS
The 18th term = – 5

C N
PY
O C D
Then, difference d = – 3
O IO
D U AA

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
O
So, 𝑇18 = 𝑎 + (18 − 1)𝑑
ED PR

−5 = 𝑎 + (18 − 1) − 3
T

−5 = 𝑎 + (17)(−3)
©

−5 = 𝑎 − 51
𝑎 = 51 − 5
𝑎 = 46
Therefore, first term 𝑎 = 46

(ii) If the first term of an A.P. is – 18 and its 10th term is zero,
then find its common difference.
Solution:
From the question,
The 10th term = 0
Then, first term a = – 18
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 𝑇10 = 𝑎 + (10 − 1)𝑑
0 = −18 + (10 − 1)𝑑
0 = −18 + 9𝑑
9𝑑 = 18
18
𝑑=
9 N AT IS
𝑑=2

C N
PY
O C D
Therefore, common difference d = 2
O IO
D U AA

O
5. Which term of the A.P.
ED PR

(i) 𝟑, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟖, … 𝐢𝐬 𝟕𝟖?

T

Solution:
©

Let us assume 78 as nth term.

From the question,
The first term a = 3
Then, difference d = 8 − 3 = 5
13 − 8 = 5
18 − 13 = 5
Therefore, common difference d = 5
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 78 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
78 = 3 + (𝑛 − 1)5
78 = 3 + 5𝑛 − 5
78 = −2 + 5 𝑛
5𝑛 = 78 + 2
5𝑛 = 80
80
𝑛=
5

𝑛 = 16
Therefore, 78 is 16th term.
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
𝟏
(ii) 𝟏𝟖, 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟏𝟑, … 𝐢𝐬 − 𝟒𝟕?
O IO
𝟐
D U AA

Solution:
O 1 31
ED PR

Convert mixed fraction into improper fraction = 15 =

2 2
T

Let us assume – 47 as nth term.

©

From the question,

The first term 𝑎 = 18
31 (31−36) −5
Then, difference d = − 18 = =
2 2 2
31 (26−31) −5
13 − = =
2 2 2
−5
Therefore, common difference d =
2

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, −47 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
−5
−47 = 18 + (𝑛 − 1) ( )
2
 5 5
−47 = 18 − 𝑛 +
2 2
−5 5
−47 − 18 = 𝑛+
2 2
−5 5
−65 = 𝑛+
2 2
5 −5
−65 − = 𝑛
2 2
(−130−5) −5
= 𝑛
2 2
−135 −5
= 𝑛
2 2
−135 −2
𝑛=(
N AT IS
)×( )
2 5

C N
PY
O C D
−135
𝑛=
O IO
−5
D U AA

𝑛 = 27
O
Therefore, – 47 is 27th term.
ED PR

6.
©

(i) Check whether – 150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2 ….

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The first term a = 11
Then, difference d = 8 – 11 = - 3
5–8=-3
2–5=-3
Then, common difference d = -3
Let us assume – 150 as nth term,
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, −150 = 11 + (𝑛 − 1)(−3)
−150 = 11 − 3𝑛 + 3
−150 = 14 − 3𝑛
3𝑛 = 150 + 14
3𝑛 = 164
164
𝑛=
3
2
𝑛 = 54
3
N AT IS
Therefore, – 150 is not a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2…

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Find whether 55 is a term of the A.P. 7, 10, 13 … or not. If

(ii)
O
yes, find which term is it.
ED PR

Solution:
T

From the question it is given that,

©

The first term a = 7

Then, difference d = 10 – 7 = 3
13 – 10 = 3
Then, common difference d = 3
Let us assume 55 as nth term,
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 55 = 7 + (𝑛 − 1)3
55 = 7 + 3𝑛 − 3
55 = 4 + 3𝑛
3𝑛 = 55 − 4
3𝑛 = 51
51
𝑛=
3

𝑛 = 17
Therefore, 55 is 17th term of the A.P. 7, 10, 13….

7.
(i) Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13 …,
253.
N AT IS
Solution:

C N
PY
O C D

Let us assume 255 as nth term,

O IO
D U AA

From the question,

O
ED PR

The first term a = 3

Then, difference d = 8 – 3 = 5
T

13 – 8 = 5
©

Therefore, common difference d = 5

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 253 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
253 = 3 + (𝑛 − 1)5
253 = 3 + 5𝑛 − 5
253 = −2 + 5𝑛
5𝑛 = 253 + 2
5𝑛 = 255
 255
𝑛=
5

𝑛 = 51
Therefore, 255 is 51st term.

(ii) Find the 12th from the end of the A.P. – 2, – 4, – 6 …, – 100.
Solution:
Let us assume – 100 as nth term,
From the question,
N AT IS
The first term a = – 2

C N
PY
O C D
Then, difference d = −4 − (−2) = −4 + 2 = −2
O IO
D U AA

−6 − (−4) = −6 + 4 = −2
O
Therefore, common difference d = - 2
ED PR

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
T

So, −100 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

©

−100 = −2 + (𝑛 − 1)(−2)
−100 = −2 − 2𝑛 + 2
−100 = −2𝑛
−100
𝑛=
−2

𝑛 = 50
Therefore, - 100 is 50th term.
Now, assume ‘P’ be the 12th term from the last.
Then, P = 𝐿 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= −100 − (12 − 1)(−2)
= −100 − (11)(−2)
= −100 + 22
P = −78
Therefore, - 78 is the 12th term from the last of the A.P. −2, −4, −6, …

8. Find the sum of the two middle most terms of the A.P.
−𝟒 −𝟐 𝟏
, −𝟏, ,…,𝟒
𝟑 𝟑
N AT IS 𝟑

Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
From the question,
O IO
D U AA

1 13
Last term (nth) = 4 =
O −4
3 3
ED PR

First term 𝑎 =
3
T

−4 4 (−3+4) 1
Then, difference d = −1 − ( ) = −1 + = =
3 3 3 3
©

−2 −2 (−2+3) 1
= − (−1) = +1 = =
3 3 3 3
1
Therefore, common difference d =
3

We know that,
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
13 −4 1
So, = + ( 𝑛 − 1) ( )
3 3 3
13 4 1 1
+ = 𝑛−
3 3 3 3
13 4 1 1
+ + = 𝑛
3 3 3 3
(13+4+1) 1
= 𝑛
3 3
18 1
= 𝑛
3 3
1
6= 𝑛
3

𝑛 =6×3
𝑛 = 18
18 18
So, middle term is and ( ) + 1 = 9th and 10th term.
2 2

Then, 𝑎9 + 𝑎10 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑 + 𝑎 + 9𝑑
N AT IS
= 2𝑎 + 17𝑑

C N
PY
O C D
Now substitute the value of ‘a’ and ‘d’.
O IO
D U AA

−4 1
= 2 ( ) + 17 ( )
−8
3
17
O3
ED PR

= +
3 3
T

(−8+17)
=
3
©

9
=
3

=3
Therefore, the sum of the two middle most terms of the A.P. is 3.

9. Which term of the A.P. 53, 48, 43 …. is the first negative term?
Solution:
From the question,
The first term a = 53
Then, difference d = 48 – 53 = – 5
= 43 – 48 = -5
Therefore, common difference d = -5
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 53 + (𝑛 − 1)(−5)
= 53 − 5𝑛 + 5
= 58 − 5𝑛
5𝑛 = 58
58
𝑛=
N AT IS
5

C N
PY
O C D
𝑛 = 11.6 ≈ 12
O IO
D U AA

Therefore, 12th term is the first negative term of the A.P. 53, 48, 43 …
O
ED PR

10. Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7 th term
T

exceeds the 5th term by 12.

©

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑇3 = 16
The 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12 = 𝑇7 − 𝑇5 = 12
We know that, 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 𝑇3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 16 … [equation (ii)]
𝑇7 − 𝑇5 = (𝑎 + 6𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 4𝑑 ) = 12 … [Equation (ii)]
12 = 𝑎 + 6𝑑 − 𝑎 − 4𝑑
12 = 2𝑑
 12
𝑑=
2

𝑑=6
Now, substitute value of d in equation (i) we get,
Then, 𝑇3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑
16 = 𝑎 + 2(6)
𝑎 = 16 − 12
𝑎=4
Therefore, A.P. is 4 + 6 = 10, 10 + 6 = 16, 16 + 6 = 22
N AT IS
Hence, the four term of A.P. is 4, 10, 16, 22….

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

11. Find the 20th term of the A.P. whose 7th term is 24 less than the
O
11th term, first term being 12.
ED PR

Solution:
T

From the question it is given that,

©

First term a = 12
7th term is 24 less than the 11th term = 𝑇11 − 𝑇7 = 24
𝑇11 − 𝑇7 = (𝑎 + 10𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 6𝑑 ) = 24
24 = 𝑎 + 10𝑑 − 𝑎 − 6𝑑
24 = 4𝑑
24
𝑑=
4

𝑑=6
Now, 𝑇20 = 𝑎 + 19𝑑
Substitute the values of a and d,
𝑇20 = 12 + 19(6)
𝑇20 = 12 + 114
𝑇20 = 126

12. Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and 6th term
is 73.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑇11 = 38 N AT IS
𝑇6 = 73

C N
PY
O C D

Let us assume ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference.
O IO
D U AA

O
So, 𝑇11 = 𝑎 + 10𝑑 = 38 (i)
ED PR

𝑇6 = 𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 73 (ii)
T
Subtracting both equation (i) and equation (ii)
©

(𝑎 + 10𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) = 73 − 38
𝑎 + 10𝑑 − 𝑎 − 5𝑑 = 35
5𝑑 = 35
35
𝑑=
5

𝑑=7
Now, substitute the value of d in equation (i) to find out a, we get
𝑎 + 10𝑑 = 38
𝑎 + 10(7) = 38
𝑎 + 70 = 38
𝑎 = 38 − 70
𝑎 = −32
Therefore, 𝑇31 = 𝑎 + 30𝑑
= −32 + 30(7)
= −32 + 210
= 178

𝟏 𝟏
13. If the seventh term of an A.P. is and its ninth term is , find its
N AT IS 𝟗 𝟕
rd
63 term.

C N
PY
Solution:
O C D
O IO
D U AA

From the question it is given that,

𝑇9 =
1
7
O
ED PR

1
𝑇7 =
T

Let us assume ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference.
©

1
So, 𝑇9 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑 = (i)
7
1
𝑇7 = 𝑎 + 6𝑑 = (ii)
9

Subtracting both equation (i) and equation (ii)

1 1
(𝑎 + 6𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 8𝑑 ) = −
9 7
(7−9)
𝑎 + 6𝑑 − 𝑎 − 8𝑑 =
63
−2
−2𝑑 =
63
 −2 −1
𝑑 = ( )×( )
63 2
1
𝑑=
63

Now, substitute the value of d in equation (ii) to find out a, we get

1 1
𝑎 +6( ) =
63 9
1 6
𝑎= −
9 63
(7−6)
𝑎=
63
1
𝑎=
63
N AT IS
C N
Therefore, 𝑇63 = 𝑎 + 62𝑑

PY
O C D
O IO
1 1
D U AA

= + 62 ( )
63 63

=
1
+
62 O
ED PR

63 63
1+62
T

=
63
©

63
=
63

=1

14.
(i) The 15th term of an A.P. is 3 more than twice its 7 th term. If
the 10th term of the A.P. is 41, find its nth term.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑇10 = 41
𝑇10 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 41 (i)
𝑇15 = 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 2𝑇7 + 3
= 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 2(2 + 6𝑑 ) + 3
= 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 2𝑎 + 12𝑑 + 3
−3 = 2𝑎 − 𝑎 + 12𝑑 − 14𝑑
𝑎 − 2𝑑 = −3 (ii)
Now, subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get,
(𝑎 + 9𝑑 ) − (𝑎 − 2𝑑 ) = 41 − (−3)
N AT IS
𝑎 + 9𝑑 − 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 41 + 3

C N
PY
11𝑑 = 44
O C D
O IO
44
D U AA

𝑑=
11

𝑑=4 O
ED PR

Then, substitute the value of d is equation (i) to find a.

T

𝑎 + 9(4) = 41
©

𝑎 + 36 = 41
𝑎 = 41 − 36
𝑎=5
Therefore, nth term = 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 5 + (𝑛 − 1)4
= 5 + 4𝑛 − 4
= 1 + 4𝑛
(ii) The sum of 5th and 7th terms of an A.P. is 52 and the 10th term
is 46. Find the A.P.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑎5 + 𝑎7 = 52
(𝑎 + 4𝑑 ) + (𝑎 + 6𝑑 ) = 52
𝑎 + 4𝑑 + 𝑎 + 6𝑑 = 52
2𝑎 + 10𝑑 = 52
Divide both the side by 2 we get,
N AT IS
𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 26 (i)

C N
PY
O C D

Given, 𝑎10 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 46
O IO
D U AA

𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 46
O (ii)
ED PR

Now subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),

(𝑎 + 9𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) = 46 − 26
T
©

𝑎 + 9𝑑 − 𝑎 − 5𝑑 = 20
4𝑑 = 20
20
𝑑=
4

𝑑=5
Substitute the value of d in equation (i) to find out a,
𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 26
𝑎 + 5(5) = 26
𝑎 + 25 = 26
𝑎 = 26 − 25
𝑎=1
Then, 𝑎2 = 𝑎 + 𝑑
=1+5=6
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑
=6+5
= 11
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑
= 11 + 5
= 16
N AT IS
C N
Therefore, 1, 6, 11, 16 … are A.P.

PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
15. If 8th term of an A.P. is zero, prove that its 38 th term is triple of
ED PR

its 18th term.

Solution:
T
©

From the question it is given that,

𝑇8 = 0
We have to prove that, 38th term is triple of its 18th term = 𝑇38 = 3𝑇18
𝑇8 = 𝑎 + 7𝑑 = 0
𝑇8 = 𝑎 = −7𝑑
𝑇38 = 𝑎 + 37𝑑
= −7𝑑 + 37𝑑
= 30𝑑
Take, 𝑇18 = 𝑎 + 17𝑑
Substitute the value of a and d,
𝑇18 = −7𝑑 + 17𝑑
𝑇18 = 10𝑑
By comparing results of 𝑇38 and 𝑇18 , 38th term is triple of its 18th term.

16. Which term of the A.P. 3, 10, 17 …. Will be 84 more than its 13th
term?
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
N AT IS
First term a = 3

C N
PY
O C D

Common difference d = 10 − 3 = 7
O IO
D U AA

O
Then, 𝑇13 = 𝑎 + 12𝑑
ED PR

= 3 + 12(7)
= 3 + 84
T
©

= 87
Let us assume that, nth term is 84 more than its 13th term.
So, 𝑇𝑛 = 84 + 87
= 171
We know that, 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 171
3 + (𝑛 − 1)7 = 171
3 + 7𝑛 − 7 = 171
7𝑛 − 4 = 171
7𝑛 = 171 + 4
7𝑛 = 175
175
𝑛=
7

𝑛 = 25

17.
(i) How many two digit numbers are divisible by 3?
Solution:
The two digits numbers divisible by 3 are 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 …, 99.
N AT IS
The above numbers are A.P.

C N
PY
So, first number 𝑎 = 12
O C D
O IO
Common difference d = 15 − 12 = 3
D U AA

O
Then, last number is 99
ED PR

We know that, 𝑇𝑛 (last number) = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

T

99 = 12 + (𝑛 − 1)3
©

99 = 12 + 3𝑛 − 3
99 = 9 + 3𝑛
99 − 9 = 3𝑛
3𝑛 = 90
90
𝑛=
3

𝑛 = 30
Therefore, 30 two digits number are divisible by 3.
 (ii) Find the number of natural numbers between 101 and 999
which are divisible by both 2 and 5.
Solution:
The natural numbers which are divisible by both 2 and 5 are 110, 120,
130, 140 …., 999
The above numbers are A.P.
So, first number a = 110
Common difference d = 120 – 110 = 10
Then, last number is 999
N AT IS
We know that, 𝑇𝑛 (last number) = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

C N
PY
O C D
999 = 110 + (𝑛 − 1)10
O IO
D U AA

999 = 110 + 10𝑛 − 10

999 = 100 + 10𝑛 O
ED PR

10𝑛 = 888
T

888
𝑛=
©

10

𝑛 = 88
The number of natural numbers which are divisible by both 2 and 5 are
88.

18. If the number n – 2, 4n – 1 and 5n + 2 are in A.P., find the value

of n.
Solution:
From the question it is given that, 𝑛 − 2, 4𝑛 − 1 and 5𝑛 + 2 are in A.P/
Multiplying by 2 to 4n – 1 then it becomes = 8n – 2
So, 8n – 2 = n – 2 + 5n + 2
8𝑛 − 2 = 6𝑛
8𝑛 − 6𝑛 = 2
2𝑛 = 2
2
𝑛=
2

𝑛=1

19. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 3 and their product is – 35.
N AT IS
Find the number.

C N
PY
Solution:
O C D
O IO
D U AA

From the question it is given that,

O
The sum of three numbers in A.P. = 3
ED PR

Given, their product = -35

T

Let us assume the 3 numbers which are in A.P. are, 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑

©

Now adding 3 numbers = 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 3

3𝑎 = 3
3
𝑎=
3

𝑎=1
From the question, product of 3 number is – 35
So, (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) × (𝑎) × (𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = −35
(1 − 𝑑 ) × (1) × (1 + 𝑑 ) = −35
12 − 𝑑 2 = −35
𝑑 2 = 35 + 1
𝑑 2 = 36
𝑑 = √36
𝑑 = ±6
Therefore, the numbers are (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) = 1 − 6 = −5
𝑎=1
(𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = 1 + 6 = 7
If 𝑑 = −6
The numbers are (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) = 1 − (−6) = 1 + 6 = 7
𝑎=1
N AT IS
C N
PY
(𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = 1 + (−6) = 1 − 6 = −5
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Therefore, the number −5, 1, 7, … and 7, 1, −5, …. are in A.P.

O
ED PR

20. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 30 and the ratio of first
T

number to the third number is 3: 7. Find the numbers.

©

Solution:
From the question it is given that, sum of three numbers in A.P. = 30
The ratio of first number to the third number is 3: 7
Let us assume the 3 numbers which are in A.P. are, 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑
Now adding 3 numbers = 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 30
3𝑎 = 30
30
𝑎=
3

𝑎 = 10
Given ratio 3: 7 = 𝑎 − 𝑑 ∶ 𝑎 + 𝑑
3 (𝑎−𝑑)
= (𝑎+𝑑)
7

(𝑎 − 𝑑 )7 = 3(𝑎 + 𝑑 )
7𝑎 − 7𝑑 = 3𝑎 + 3𝑑
7𝑎 − 3𝑎 = 7𝑑 + 3𝑑
4𝑎 = 10𝑑
4(10) = 10𝑑
40 = 10𝑑
40
𝑑=
10
N AT IS
𝑑=4

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
Therefore, the numbers are 𝑎 − 𝑑 = 10 − 4 = 6
D U AA

𝑎 = 10
O
ED PR

𝑎 + 𝑑 = 10 + 𝑑 = 14
T

So, 6, 10, 14 … are in A.P.

©

21. The sum of the first three terms of an A.P. is 33. If the product
of the first and the third terms exceeds the second term by 29, find
the A.P.
Solution:
From the question it is given that, sum of the first three terms of an A.P.
is 33.
Let us assume the 3 numbers which are in A.P. are, 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑
3𝑎 = 33
33
𝑎=
3
𝑎 = 11
Given, the product of the first and the third terms exceeds the second term
by 29.
(𝑎 − 𝑑 )(𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = 𝑎 + 29
𝑎2 − 𝑑 2 = 11 + 29
112 − 𝑑 2 = 40
121 − 40 = 𝑑 2
𝑑 2 = 81
𝑑 = √81
N AT IS
𝑑 = ±9

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
If d = 9
D U AA

O
Therefore, the numbers are (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) = 11 − 9 = 2
ED PR

𝑎 = 11
T

(𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = 11 + 9 = 20
©

If d = - 9
The number are (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) = 1 − (−9) = 11 + 9 = 20
𝑎 = 11
(𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = 11 + (−9) = 11 − 9 = 2
Therefore, the numbers 2, 11, 20 … and 20, 11, 2 …. are in A.P.
 Exercise – 9.3

1. Find the sum of the following A.P.s:

(i) 2, 7, 12 … to 10 terms
Solution:
From the question,
First terms 𝑎 = 2
Then, d = 7 – 2 = 5
12 – 7 = 5 N AT IS
So, common difference d = 5

C N
PY
O C D

n = 10
O IO
D U AA

O
𝑆10 = (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
ED PR

10
=
2
((2 × 2) + (10 − 1)5)
T

= 5(4 + 45)
©

= 5(49)
= 245

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) , , … to 11 terms
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎

Solution:
From the question,
1
First terms 𝑎 =
15
1 1
Then, 𝑑 = −
12 15
 (5−4)
=
60
1
=
60
1
So, common difference 𝑑 =
60

𝑛 = 11
11
𝑆11 = (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2

11 1 1
=
2
((2 × (5)) + (11 − 1) (60))

11 2
N AT IS 10
= (( ) + ( ))
2 15 60

C N
PY
O C D
11 2 1
O IO
= ( + )
D U AA

2 15 6

=
11 (4+5)
O
ED PR

2 30
11 9
= ( )
T

2 30
©

11 3
= ( )
2 10
33
=
20

2. Find the sums given below:

(i) 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎 + ⋯ + 𝟏𝟎
Solution:
From the question,
First term 𝑎 = 34,
Difference d = 32 − 34 = −2
So, common difference d = -2
Last term 𝑇𝑛 = 10
We know that, 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
10 = 34 + (𝑛 − 1)(−2)
−24 = −2(𝑛 − 1)
−24 = −2𝑛 + 2
2𝑛 = 24 + 2
2𝑛 = 26
26
𝑛=
N AT IS
2

C N
PY
O C D
𝑛 = 13
O IO
D U AA

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 1)
13
2
O
ED PR

= (34 + 10)
2
T
13
= (44)
2
©

= 13(22)
= 286

(ii) −𝟓 + (−𝟖) + (−𝟏𝟏) + ⋯ + (−𝟐𝟑𝟎)

Solution:
From the question,
First term = 𝑎 = −5
Difference d = −8 − (−5) = −8 + 5 = −3
So, common difference d = -3
Last term 𝑇𝑛 = −230
We know that, 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
−230 = −5 + (𝑛 − 1)(−3)
−230 = −5 − 3𝑛 + 3
−230 = −2 − 3𝑛
3𝑛 = 230 − 2
3𝑛 = 228
228
𝑛=
3 N AT IS
𝑛 = 76

C N
PY
O C D
𝑛
Therefore, 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 1)
O IO
2
D U AA

76
=
2
(−5 + (−230))
O
ED PR

= 38(−5 − 230)
T

= 38 (235)
©

= −8930

3. In an A.P. (with usual notations):

(i) Given a = 5, d = 3, 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎 find 𝒏 and 𝑺𝒏
Solution:
From the question,
First term = 𝑎 = 5
Then common difference d = 3
𝑎𝑛 = 50,
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
50 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)3
50 = 5 + 3𝑛 − 3
50 = 2 + 3𝑛
3𝑛 = 50 − 2
3𝑛 = 48
48
𝑛=
3

𝑛 = 16 N AT IS
𝑛
So, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )

C N
2

PY
O C D
16
O IO
= ( ) ((2 × 5) + (16 − 1) × 3)
D U AA

= 8(10 + 45) O
ED PR

= 8(55)
T

= 440
©

(ii) Given a = 7, 𝒂𝟏𝟑 = 𝟑𝟓 find 𝒅 and 𝑺𝟏𝟑

Solution:
From the question,
First term = 𝑎 = 7
𝑎13 = 35,
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
35 = 7 + (13 − 1)𝑑
35 = 7 + 13𝑑 − 𝑑
35 = 7 + 12𝑑
12𝑑 = 35 − 7
12𝑑 = 28
28
𝑑= [Divide by 4]
12
7
𝑑=
3
𝑛
So, 𝑆13 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2

13 7
= ( ) ((2 × 7) + (13 − 1) × ( ))
2 N AT IS 3

13 7
= ( ) (14 + (12 × ))

C N
PY
O C D
2 3
O IO
D U AA

13
= ( ) (14 + 28)
2
13
= ( ) (42)
O
ED PR

2
T

= 13 × 21
©

= 273

(iii) Given 𝒅 = 𝟓, 𝑺𝟗 = 𝟕𝟓, find 𝒂 and 𝒂𝟗 .

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
Common difference d = 5
𝑆9 = 75
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎9 = 𝑎 + (9 − 1)5
𝑎9 = 𝑎 + 45 − 5
𝑎9 = 𝑎 + 40 (i)
𝑛
Then, 𝑆9 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
9
75 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (9 − 1)5)
2
9
75 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (8)5)
2
(75×2)
= 2𝑎 + 40
9
150
= 2𝑎 + 40
9
N AT IS
150

C N
2𝑎 = − 40

PY
O C D
9
O IO
50
D U AA

2𝑎 = − 40

2𝑎 =
3
(50−120) O
ED PR

13
−70
T

2𝑎 =
3
©

−70
𝑎 = (3×2)
−35
𝑎=
3

Now, substitute the value of 𝑎 in equation (i),

𝑎9 = 𝑎 + 40
−35
= + 40
3
(−35+120)
=
3
85
=
3
(iv) Given 𝒂 = 𝟖, 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔𝟐, 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎, find n and d
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 8,
𝑎𝑛 = 62 And 𝑆𝑛 = 210
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
62 = 8 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
(𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 62 − 8
(𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 54
N AT IS (i)

C N
PY
𝑛
O C D
Then, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
O IO
D U AA

𝑛
210 = ( ) ((2 × 8) + 54) [From equation (i) (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 54]
2
O
ED PR

𝑛
210 = ( ) (16 + 54)
2
T

420 = 𝑛(70)
©

420
𝑛=
70

𝑛=6
Now, substitute the value of 𝑛 is equation (i),
(𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 54
(6 − 1)𝑑 = 54
5𝑑 = 54
54
𝑑=
5
54
Therefore, 𝑑 = and 𝑛 = 6
5
(v) Given 𝒂 = 𝟑, 𝒏 = 𝟖, 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟗𝟐, find d.
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 3,
𝑛=8
𝑆 = 192
𝑛
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
8
192 = ( ) ((2 × 3) + (8 − 1)𝑑)
2
N AT IS
192 = 4(6 + 7𝑑 )

C N
PY
O C D

48 = 6 + 7𝑑
O IO
D U AA

48 − 6 = 7𝑑
O
ED PR

42 = 7𝑑
42
T

𝑑=
7
©

𝑑=6
Therefore, common difference d is 6.

4.
(i) The first term of an A.P. is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum
is 400. Find the number of terms and the common difference.
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 5
Last term = 45
Then, sum = 400
We know that, last term = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
45 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
(𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 45 − 5
(𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 40 (i)
𝑛
So, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
𝑛
400 = ( ) ((2 × 5) + 40) [From equation (i) (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 40]
2
N AT IS
800 = 𝑛(10 + 40)

C N
PY
O C D

800 = 50𝑛
O IO
D U AA

𝑛=
800
50 O
ED PR

𝑛 = 16
T
©

(ii) The sum of first 15 terms of an A.P. is 750 and its first term
is 15. Find its 20th term.
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 15
Therefore, sum of first 𝑛 terms of an A.P. is given by,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
15
𝑆15 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (15 − 1)𝑑 )
2
 15
750 = ( ) (2𝑎 + 14𝑑 )
2
(750×2)
= 2𝑎 + 14𝑑
15

100 = 2𝑎 + 14𝑑
Dividing both the side by 2 we get,
50 = 𝑎 + 7𝑑
Now, substitute the value a,
50 = 15 + 7𝑑
7𝑑 = 50 − 15 N AT IS
7𝑑 = 35

C N
PY
O C D
35
O IO
𝑑=
D U AA

𝑑=5 O
ED PR

So, 20th term 𝑎20 = 𝑎 + 19𝑑

T

= 15 + 19(5)
©

= 15 + 95
= 110

5. The first and the last terms of an A.P. are 17 and 350 respectively.
If the common difference is 9, how many terms are there and what
is their sum?
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 17
Last term (l) = 350
Common difference d = 9
We know that, l = 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
350 = 17 + (𝑛 − 1) × 9
350 − 17 = 9𝑛 − 9
333 + 9 = 9𝑛
342 = 9𝑛
342
𝑛=
9 N AT IS
𝑛 = 38

C N
PY
O C D
𝑛
So, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
O IO
2
D U AA

38
O
= ( ) ((2 × 17) + (38 − 1)𝑑)
2
ED PR

= 19(34 + (37 × 9))

T

= 19(34 + 333)
©

= 19 × 367
= 6973
Therefore, 𝑛 = 38 and 𝑆𝑛 = 6973

6. Solve for 𝒙 ∶ 𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟎 + ⋯ + 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟖𝟕.

Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 1
Difference d = 4 − 1 = 3
𝑛=𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑎 = (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑥 − 1 = (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
𝑛
287 = ( ) ((2 × 1) + (𝑛 − 1)3)
2

= 𝑛(2 + 3𝑛 − 3)
574 = 𝑛(2 + 3𝑛 − 3)
574 = 2𝑛 + 3𝑛2 − 3𝑛
N AT IS
574 = −𝑛 + 3𝑛2

C N
PY
O C D

3𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 574 = 0
O IO
D U AA

O
3𝑛2 − 42𝑛 + 41 − 574 = 0
ED PR

3𝑛(𝑛 − 14) + 41(𝑛 − 14) = 0

T

(𝑛 − 14)(3𝑛 + 41) = 0
©

If 𝑛 − 14 = 0
𝑛 = 14
Or 3𝑛 + 41 = 0
3𝑛 = −41
−41
𝑛=
3

We have to take positive number so n = 14

Then, = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 1 + (14 − 1)3
= 1 + (13)3
= 1 + 39
= 40
Therefore, 𝑥 = 40

7.
(i) How many terms of the A.P. 25, 22, 19 …. are needed to give
the sum 116? Also find the last term.
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
N AT IS
First term 𝑎 = 25

C N
PY
O C D
Common difference d = 22 − 25 = −3
O IO
D U AA

Sum = 116
𝑛 O
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
ED PR

2
𝑛
T

116 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )

2
©

By cross multiplication,
232 = 𝑛((2 × 25) + (𝑛 − 1)(−3))
232 = 𝑛(50 − 3𝑛 + 3)
232 = 𝑛(53 − 3𝑛)
232 = 53𝑛 − 3𝑛2
3𝑛2 − 53𝑛 + 232 = 0
3𝑛2 − 24𝑛 − 29𝑛 + 232 = 0
3𝑛(𝑛 − 8) − 29(𝑛 − 8) = 0
(𝑛 − 8)(3𝑛 − 29) = 0
If 𝑛 − 8 = 0
𝑛=8
Or 3𝑛 − 29 = 0
3𝑛 = 29
29
𝑛=
3

Not possible to take fraction,

So, 𝑛 = 8
Then, 𝑇 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
N AT IS
= 25 + (8 − 1)(−3)

C N
PY
O C D
= 25 + 7(−3)
O IO
D U AA

= 25 − 21
=4 O
ED PR

(ii) How many terms of the A.P. 24, 21, 18 …. must be taken so
©

that the sum is 78? Explain the double answer.

Solution:
From the question it is give that,
First term 𝑎 = 24
Common difference d = 21 − 24 = −3
Sum = 78
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
𝑛
78 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
By cross multiplication,
156 = 𝑛((2 × 24) + (𝑛 − 1)(−3))
156 = 𝑛(48 − 3𝑛 + 3)
156 = 𝑛(51 − 3𝑛)
156 = 51𝑛 − 3𝑛2
3𝑛2 − 51𝑛 + 156 = 0
3𝑛2 − 12𝑛 − 39𝑛 + 156 = 0
3𝑛(𝑛 − 1) − 39(𝑛 − 1) = 0
N AT IS
(𝑛 − 4)(3𝑛 − 39) = 0

C N
PY
O C D
If 𝑛 − 4 = 0
O IO
D U AA

𝑛=4
Or 3𝑛 − 39 = 0 O
ED PR

3𝑛 = 39
T

39
𝑛=
©

𝑛 = 13
Now we have to consider both values
So, 𝑛 = 4
Then, 𝑇 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 24 + (4 − 1)(−3)
= 24 + 3(−3)
= 24 − 9
= 15
𝑛 = 13
Then, 𝑇 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 24 + (13 − 1)(−3)
= 24 + 12(−3)
= 24 − 36
= −12
So, (12 + 9 + 6 + 3 + 0 + (−3) + (−6) + (−9) + (−12)) = 0

N AT IS
8. Find the sum of first 22 terms, of an A.P. in which 𝒅 = 𝟕 and 𝒂𝟐𝟐

C N
is 149.

PY
O C D
O IO
Solution:
D U AA

O
From the question it is given that,
ED PR

Common difference d = 7
T

𝑎22 = 149
©

𝑛 = 22
We know that,
𝑎22 = (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
149 = 𝑎 + (22 − 1)7
149 = 𝑎 + (22)7
149 = 𝑎 + 147
𝑎 = 149 − 147
𝑎=2
𝑛
So, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
 22
= ( ) ((2 × 2) + (22 − 1)7)
2

= 11(4 + (21)7)
= 11(4 + 147)
= 11(151)
= 1661

9. In an A.P. the fourth and sixth terms are 8 and 14 respectively.

Find the:
(i) First term
N AT IS
(ii) Common difference

C N
PY
O C D
(iii) Sum of the first 20 terms.
O IO
D U AA

Solution:
O
From the question it is given that,
ED PR

𝑇4 = 8 and T6 = 14
T

⇒ 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 8 (i)
©

⇒ 𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 14 (ii)
(i) Substituting the value of d in (i), we have
𝑎 + 3(3) = 8
𝑎 = 8−9
𝑎 = −1
Hence, the first term = −1
(ii) Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
(𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 3𝑑 ) = 14 − 8
5𝑑 − 3𝑑 = 6
2𝑑 = 6
6
𝑑=
2

𝑑=3
Hence, common difference d = 3
(iii) The sum of first 20 terms
𝑛 = 20
𝑛
𝑆20 = × [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
20
= × [2(−1) + (20 − 1)(3)]
N AT IS
2

= 10 × [−2 + (19)(3)]

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
= 10 × [−2 + 57]
D U AA

= 10 × 55
O
ED PR

= 550
T
©

10.
(i) Find the sum of first 51 terms of the A.P. whose second and
third terms are 14 and 18 respectively.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑇2 = 14, 𝑇3 = 18
So, common difference d = 𝑇3 − 𝑇2
= 18 − 14
=4
Where, 𝑎 = 𝑇1 = 14 − 4 = 10
𝑛 = 51
We know that,
𝑛
𝑆51 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
51
= ( ) ((2 × 10) + (51 − 1)4)
2
51
= ( ) (20 + (50 × 4))
2
51
= ( ) (20 + 200)
2
51
= ( ) × 220 N AT IS
2

= 5610

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

(ii)
O
The 4th term of A.P. is 22 and 15th term is 66. Find the first
term and the common difference. Hence, find the sum of first
ED PR

8 terms of the A.P.

T

Solution:
©

From the question it is given that,

𝑇4 = 22, 𝑇15 = 66
⇒ 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 22 (i)
⇒ 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 66 (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
(𝑎 + 14𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 3𝑑 ) = 66 − 22
14𝑑 − 3𝑑 = 44
11𝑑 = 44
 44
𝑑=
11

𝑑=4
So, common difference d = 4
Substituting the value of d in (i), we have
𝑎 + 3(4) = 22
𝑎 = 22 − 12
𝑎 = 10
Hence, the first term 𝑎 = 10
N AT IS
Now, the sum of first 8 terms of the A.P. is

C N
PY
O C D
𝑛=8
O IO
D U AA

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = × [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
8
2
O
ED PR

𝑆8 = × [2(10) + (8 − 1)(4)]
2
T

= 10 × [20 + (7)(4)]
©

= 10 × [20 + 28]
= 480

11. If the sum of first 6 terms of an A.P. is 36 and that of the first 16
terms is 256, find the sum of first 10 terms.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑆6 = 36
𝑆16 = 256
We know that,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
6
𝑆6 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (6 − 1)𝑑 ) = 36
2

3(2𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) = 36
Divide both the side by 3,
2𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 12 (i)
16
Now, 𝑆16 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (16 − 1)𝑑 ) = 256
2
N AT IS
8(2𝑎 + 15𝑑 ) = 256

C N
PY
Divide both the side by 8,
O C D
O IO
D U AA

2𝑎 + 15𝑑 = 32 (ii)

O
Then, subtract equation (ii) from equation (i) we get,
ED PR

(2𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) − (2𝑎 + 15𝑑 ) = 12 − 32

T

2𝑎 + 5𝑑 − 2𝑎 − 15𝑑 = −20
©

−10𝑑 = −20
−20
𝑑=
−10

𝑑=2
Substitute the value of d in equation (i) to find a,
2𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 12
2𝑎 + 5(2) = 12
2𝑎 + 10 = 12
2𝑎 = 12 − 10
2𝑎 = 2
2
𝑎=
2

𝑎=1
𝑛
So, 𝑆10 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
10
= ( ) ((2 × 1) + (10 − 1)2)
2

= 5(2 + 18)
= 5(20)
= 100
N AT IS
C N
PY
Therefore, the sum of first 10 terms is 100.
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
12. Show that 𝒂𝟏 , 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝟑 , … from an A.P. where 𝒂𝒏 is defined as 𝒂𝒏 =
ED PR

𝟑 + 𝟒𝒏. Also find the sum of first 15 terms.

T

Solution:
©

From the question it is given that,

nth term is 3 + 4n
So, 𝑎𝑛 = 3 + 4𝑛
Now, we start giving values, 1, 2, 3 …. in the place of n, we get,
𝑎1 = 3 + (4 × 1) = 3 + 4 = 7
𝑎2 = 3 + (4 × 2) = 3 + 8 = 11
𝑎3 = 3 + (4 × 3) = 3 + 12 = 15
𝑎4 = 3 + (4 × 4) = 3 + 16 = 19
So. The numbers are 7, 11, 15, 19 ….
Then, first term 𝑎 = 7, common difference d = 11 − 7 = 4
We know that,
𝑛
𝑆15 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
15
= ( ) ((2 × 7) + (15 − 1) × 4)
2
15
= ( ) (14 + (14 × 4))
2
15
= ( ) (14 + 56)
2
15
= ( ) × 70 N AT IS
2

= 525

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
Therefore, the sum of first 15 terms is 525.
D U AA

O
ED PR

13. The sum of first six terms of an arithmetic progression is 42. The
ratio of the 10th term to the 30th term is 1: 3. Calculate the first and
T

the thirteenth term.

©

Solution:
𝑇10 1
𝑆6 = 42 and =
𝑇30 3

We know that,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, we have
6
𝑆6 = ( ) × [2𝑎 + (6 − 1)𝑑 ] = 42
2

3 × (2𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) = 42
2𝑎 + 5𝑑 = 14 (i) [Dividing by 3]
And,
𝑇10 [𝑎+(10−1)𝑑] 1
= [𝑎+(30−1)𝑑]
=
𝑇30 3
(𝑎+9𝑑) 1
(𝑎+29𝑑)
=
3

On cross – multiplication, we have

3(𝑎 + 9𝑑 ) = 𝑎 + 29𝑑
3𝑎 + 27𝑑 = 𝑎 + 29𝑑
3𝑎 − 𝑎 + 27𝑑 − 29𝑑 = 0
N AT IS
2𝑎 − 2𝑑 = 0

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
𝑎−𝑑 = 0
D U AA

𝑎=𝑑
O
ED PR

Using the above the relation in (i), we get

T

2𝑎 + 5𝑎 = 14
©

7𝑎 = 14
14
𝑎=
7

𝑎=2
Hence, the first term of the A.P. is 2.
Now, the thirteenth term is given by
𝑇13 = 2 + (13 − 1)(2)
= 2 + 12 × 2
= 2 + 24
= 26
14. In an A.P., the sum of its first n terms is 𝟔𝒏 − 𝒏𝟐 . find its 25th
term.
Solution:
Given,
𝑆𝑛 = 6𝑛 − 𝑛2
Now,
𝑆1 = 6(1) − (1)2 = 6 − 1 = 5
So, the first term 𝑎 = 5
And, N AT IS
𝑆2 = 6(2) − (2)2 = 12 − 4 = 8

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
So, 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 8
D U AA

5 + 𝑇2 = 8
O
ED PR

𝑇2 = 8 − 5 = 3
T

So, the common difference d = 𝑇2 − 𝑇1

©

𝑑 = 3 − 5 = −2
Thus, 25th term in the A.P. is given by
𝑇25 = 5 + (25 − 1)(−2)
= 5 + 25(−2)
= 5 − 48
= −43

15. If 𝑺𝒏 denotes the sum of first 𝒏 terms of an A.P., Prove that

𝑺𝟑𝟎 = 𝟑(𝑺𝟐𝟎 − 𝑺𝟏𝟎 ).
Solution:
We know that,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = × [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2

So,
10
𝑆10 = × [2𝑎 + (10 − 1)𝑑 ]
2

= 5 × (2𝑎 + 9𝑑 )
= 10𝑎 + 45𝑑
20
𝑆20 = × [2𝑎 + (20 − 1)𝑑 ]
N AT IS
2

= 10 × (2𝑎 + 19𝑑 )

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
= 20𝑎 + 190𝑑
D U AA

𝑆30 =
30
2 O
× [2𝑎 + (30 − 1)𝑑 ]
ED PR

= 15 × (2𝑎 + 29𝑑 )
T

= 30𝑎 + 435𝑑
©

Now, taking L.H.S. we have

3(𝑆20 − 𝑆10 ) − 3[20𝑎 + 190𝑑 − (10𝑎 + 45𝑑 )]
= 3(20𝑎 + 190𝑑 − 10𝑎 − 45𝑑 )
= 3(10𝑎 + 145𝑑 )
= 30𝑎 + 435𝑑
= 𝑆30
= R.H.S.
Hence Proved.
16.
(i) Find the sum of first 1000 positive integers.
(ii) Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.
Solution:
(i) First 1000 positive integers are:
1, 2, 3, 4 …... 1000
This is an A.P. with first term 𝑎 = 1 and common difference 𝑑 = 1
We know that,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = × [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
N AT IS
Thus,

C N
PY
O C D
1000
× [2(1) + (1000 − 1)(1)]
O IO
𝑆1000 =
D U AA

= 500 × (2 + 99)
O
ED PR

= 500 × 101
T

= 50500
©

Therefore, the sum of first 1000 positive integers is 50500.

(ii) The first 15 multiples of 8 are:

8, 16, 24 …. Where n = 15
This forms an A.P. with first term 𝑎 = 8 and common difference 𝑑 =
16 − 8 = 8
We know that,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = × [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2

Thus,
 15
𝑆15 = × [2(8) + (14 − 1)(8)]
2
15
= × (16 + 13 × 8)
2
15
= × (16 + 104)
2
15
= × 120
2

= 15 × 60
= 900
Therefore, the sum of first 15 multiples of 8 is 900.
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
17.
O IO
(i) Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are
D U AA

(ii) O
divisible by 4.
Find the sum of all natural numbers between 100 and 200
ED PR

which are divisible by 4.

T

(iii) Find the sum of all multiples of 9 lying between 300 and 700.
(iv) Find the sum of all natural numbers less than 100 which are
©

divisible by 4.
Solution:
(i) The two – digit natural numbers which are divisible by 4 are:
4, 8, 12, 16 ….
This form an A.P.
The last term in this series is found out by dividing 100 by 4
100
= 25 and remainder is zero
4

So, the last two – digit number which is divisible by 4 is 96

And, it is the 24th term
So, we have
𝑎 = 4, 𝑑 = 4 Last term l = 96 and n = 24
Thus, sum of these numbers is
24
𝑆24 = (4 + 96)
2

= 12 × 100
= 1200
(ii) The natural numbers between 100 and 200 which are divisible
N AT IS
by 4 are:

C N
104, 108, 112…

PY
O C D
O IO
This form an A.P.
D U AA

O
The last term in this series is found out by dividing 200 by 4
ED PR

200
= 50 and remainder is zero
4
T

So, the last natural number between 100 and 200 which are divisible by
©

4 is 196
So, we have
𝑎 = 104, 𝑑 = 4 and last term l = 96
The number of terms is found out by
𝑇𝑛 = 196 = 104 + (𝑛 − 1)(4)
196 = 104 + 4𝑛 − 4
4𝑛 = 196 − 104 + 4
96
𝑛=
4

𝑛 = 24
Thus, sum of these numbers is
24
𝑆24 = (104 + 196)
2

= 12 × 200
= 2400
(iii) The multiples of 9 lying between 300 and 700 are:
306, 315, 324 ….
This form an A.P. where 𝑎 = 306 and 𝑑 = 9
The last term in this series is found out by dividing 700 by 9
N AT IS
700
Gives 77 as quotient and 7 as remainder.
9

C N
PY
O C D
So, the last number between 300 and 700 which is a multiple is 700 – 7
O IO
D U AA

= 693
Now, we have O
ED PR

𝑎 = 306, 𝑑 = 9 And l = 693

T

The number of terms is found out by

©

𝑇𝑛 = 693 = 306 + (𝑛 − 1)(9)

693 = 306 + 9𝑛 − 9
9𝑛 = 693 − 306 + 9
9𝑛 = 369
396
𝑛=
9

𝑛 = 44
Thus, sum of these numbers is
(iv) The natural numbers less than 100 which are divisible by 4 are:
4, 8, 12…., 96
This forms an A.P. where a = 4, d = 4 and l = 96
Now, for calculating n
𝑇𝑛 = 96 = 4 + (𝑛 − 1)4
96 = 4 + 4𝑛 − 4
4𝑛 = 96
96
𝑛=
4

𝑛 = 24 N AT IS
Thus, sum of these numbers is

C N
PY
O C D
24
𝑆24 = (4 + 96)
O IO
2
D U AA

= 12 × 100
= 1200
O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 9.4

1.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
(i) Find the next term of the list of numbers , , , ….
𝟔 𝟑 𝟑

Solution:
From the question,
1
First term 𝑎 =
6
1 1
Then, 𝑟 = ( ) ÷ ( )
3 6
N AT IS
1 6
𝑟 =( )×( )

C N
PY
O C D
3 1
O IO
6
D U AA

𝑟=
3

𝑟=2 O
ED PR

2 4
Therefore, next term = × 2 =
T

3 3
𝟑 −𝟑 𝟑 −𝟑
©

(ii) Find the next term of the list of numbers , , , ….

𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟒 𝟐

Solution:
From the question,
3
First term 𝑎 =
16
−3 3
Then, 𝑟 = ( ) ÷ ( )
8 16
−3 16
𝑟 =( )×( )
8 3
(−3×16)
𝑟= (8×3)
 (−1×2)
𝑟= (1×1)

𝑟 = −2
−3 6
Therefore, next term = × (−2) = = 3
2 2
√𝟑+𝟏 𝟏
(iii) Find the 15th term of the series + +⋯
√𝟑 𝟑√𝟑

Solution:
From the question,
First term 𝑎 = √3 N AT IS
1
Then, 𝑟 = ( ) ÷ (√3)
√3

C N
PY
O C D
1 1
O IO
𝑟 = ( )×( )
D U AA

√3 √3

𝑟=
(1×1)
O
ED PR

(√3×√3)
1
𝑟=
T

2
(√3)
©

1
𝑟=
3

So, 𝑎15 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

1 15−1
= √3 ( )
3

1 14
= √3 ( )
3
1
= √3 × ( )
314
1
Therefore, 𝑎15 = √3 × ( )
314
 𝟏
(iv) Find the 4th term of the list of number , −𝟐, 𝟒√𝟐, −𝟏𝟔 …
√𝟐

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
1
First term 𝑎 =
√2
1
Then, 𝑟 = −2 ÷ ( )
√2

−2 √2
𝑟 =( )×( )
1 1
(−2×√2)
𝑟= (1×1)
N AT IS
C N
PY
𝑟 = −2√2
O C D
O IO
So, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
D U AA

1
= ( ) (−2√2) O𝑛−1
ED PR

√2

1 2 𝑛−1
T

= ( ) (−1)𝑛−1 × [(√2) × √2]

√2
©

1 3 𝑛−1
= (−1)𝑛−1 × × [(√2) ]
√2
1 3𝑛−3
= (−1)𝑛−1 × × (√2)
√2
3𝑛−3−1
= (−1)𝑛−1 × (√2)
3𝑛−4
= (−1)𝑛−1 × (√2)
(3𝑛−4)
= (−1 )𝑛−1 ×2 2

(3𝑛−4)
Therefore, 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛−1 × 2 2
(v) Find the 10th and nth terms of the list of numbers 5, 25, 125,
…
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 5
Then, 𝑟 = (25) ÷ (5)
1
𝑟 = (25) × ( )
5

𝑟=5
So, 𝑎10 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
N AT IS
C N
PY
= 5 × (5)10−1
O C D
O IO
= 5 × 59
D U AA

= 59+1 O [By 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 ]

ED PR

= 510
T

Therefore, 𝑎10 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

©

= 5 × 5𝑛−1
= 5𝑛−1+1
= 5𝑛

𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
(vi) Find the 6th and the nth terms of th list of numbers , , …
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
3
First term 𝑎 =
2
 3 3
Then, 𝑟 = ( ) ÷ ( )
4 2
3 2
𝑟 =( )×( )
4 3
(3×2)
𝑟 = (4×3)
(1×1)
𝑟 = (2×1)
1
𝑟=
2

So, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
3 1 𝑛−1
=( )×( )
N AT IS
2 2

C N
PY
O C D
1 1 𝑛−1
=3× ×( )
O IO
D U AA

2 2

=3×( )
1 𝑛−1+1
2
O
ED PR

1 𝑛
=3×( )
T

2
©

3
=
2𝑛
3
Therefore, 𝑎6 =
2𝑛
3
=
26
3
=
64

(vii) Find the 6th term from the end of the list of numbers 3, -6, 12,
-24 …, 12288.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
Last term = 12288
First term a = 3,
Then, 𝑟 = (−6) ÷ (3)
1
𝑟 = (−6) × ( )
3
(−6×1)
𝑟= (1×3)
(−2×1)
𝑟= (1×1)

𝑟 = −2
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
Then, 6th term from the end,
O IO
D U AA

1 𝑛−1
𝑎6 = 𝑙 × ( )
𝑟
O 6−1
ED PR

1
= 12288 × ( )
−2
T

1
= 12288 × ( )
©

−25
12288
=
−32

= −384

2. Which term of the G.P.

(i) 𝟐, 𝟐√𝟐, 𝟒 … 𝐢𝐬 𝟏𝟐𝟖?
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
Last term = 128
First term 𝑎 = 2
Then, 𝑟 = (−2√2) ÷ (2)
(−2√2)
𝑟= (2)

𝑟 = √2
Then, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑛−1
So, 128, = 2(√2)
𝑛−1
27 = 2(√2) N AT IS
27 𝑛−1
= (√2)

C N
2

PY
O C D
𝑛−1
O IO
27−1 = (√2)
D U AA

26 = (√2)
𝑛−1
O
ED PR

𝑛−1 12
(√2) = (√2)
T

Now, comparing the powers

©

𝑛 − 1 = 12
𝑛 = 12 + 1
𝑛 = 13
Therefore, 128 is the 13th term.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) 𝟏, , , … 𝐢𝐬
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟒𝟑

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
1
Last term (𝑎𝑛 ) =
243
First term 𝑎 = 1
1
Then, 𝑟 = ( ) ÷ (1)
3
1 1
𝑟 =( )×( )
3 1
1
𝑟=
3

Then, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
1 1 𝑛−1
=1×( )
243 3

1 5 1 𝑛−1
( ) =( )
3 3
N AT IS
C N
PY
By comparing both left hand side and right hand side,
O C D
O IO
D U AA

5=𝑛−1
𝑛 =5+1 O
ED PR

𝑛=6
T

1
Therefore, is 6th term
243
©

3. Determine the 12th term of a G.P. whose 8th term is 192 and
common ratio is 2.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑎8 = 192 and 𝑟 = 2
Then, by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎8 = 𝑎𝑟 8−1
192 = 𝑎(2)8−1
192 = 𝑎(2)7
192
𝑎=
27
192
𝑎=
128
3
𝑎=
2
3
Now, 𝑎12 = ( ) (2)12−1
2
3
= ( ) × (2)11
2
3
= ( ) × 2048
2
N AT IS
C N
PY
= 3072
O C D
O IO
𝑎8 = 3072
D U AA

O
ED PR

4. In a G.P., the third is 24 and 6th term is 192. Find the 10th term.
T

Solution:
©

From the question it is given that,

𝑎3 = 24
𝑎6 = 192
Then, by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎6 = 𝑎𝑟 6−1
192 = 𝑎𝑟 6−1
192 = 𝑎𝑟 5 (i)
Now, 𝑎3 = 𝑎𝑟 3−1
24 = 𝑎𝑟 3−1
24 = 𝑎𝑟 2 (ii)
By dividing equation (i) by equation (ii)
𝑎𝑟 5 192
=
𝑎𝑟 2 24

𝑟 5−2 = 8
𝑟3 = 8
𝑟 3 = 23
𝑟=2
Now, substitute the value 𝑟 in equation (i),
N AT IS
192 = 𝑎𝑟 5

C N
PY
O C D
192 = 𝑎(2)5
O IO
D U AA

192
𝑎=
32
O
ED PR

𝑎=6
T

So, 𝑎10 = 𝑎𝑟 10−1

©

= 𝑎𝑟 9
= 6(2)9
= 6(512)
= 3072

𝟑
5. Find the number of terms of a G.P. whose first term is , common
𝟒
ratio is 2 and the last term is 384.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
 3
First term of G.P. 𝑎 =
4

Common ratio (𝑟) = 2

Last term = 384
Then, by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
3
384 = ( ) (2)𝑛−1
4
(384×4)
= (2)𝑛−1
3
(1536)
= (2)𝑛−1
3 N AT IS
512 = 2𝑛−1

C N
PY
O C D
29 = 2𝑛−1
O IO
D U AA

By comparing both left had side and right hand side,

9=𝑛−1 O
ED PR

𝑛 =9+1
T

𝑛 = 10
©

The number of term of a G.P. is 10.

6. Find the value of 𝒙 such that,

−𝟐 −𝟕
(i) , 𝒙, are three consecutive terms of a G.P.?
𝟕 𝟐

Solution:
From the question,
−2 −7
𝑥2 = ×
7 2

𝑥2 = 1
𝑥 = ±1
Therefore, 𝑥 = 1 or 𝑥 = −1
(ii) x + 9, x – 6 and 4 are three consecutive terms of a G.P.
Solution:
From the question,
(𝑥 − 6)2 = (𝑥 + 9) × 4
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 36 = 4𝑥 + 36
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 36 − 36 = 0
𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 = 0
N AT IS
C N
PY
𝑥(𝑥 − 16) = 0
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Either let us take 𝑥 − 16 = 16

Or 𝑥 = 0 O
ED PR

So, 𝑥 = 0, 16
T

(iii) 𝐱, 𝐱 + 3, x + 9 are first three terms of a G.P. find the value of

©

x.
Solution:
From the question,
(𝑥 + 3)2 = 𝑥 (𝑥 + 9)
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥
9 = 9𝑥 − 6𝑥
9 = 3𝑥
9
𝑥=
3

𝑥=3
7. If the fourth, seventh the tenth terms of a G.P. are 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛
respectively, Prove that 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 are in G.P.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑎4 = 𝑥
𝑎7 = 𝑦
𝑎10 = 𝑧
Now we have to prove that, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are in G.P.
Then, by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
N AT IS
𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 4−1

C N
PY
O C D

𝑎4 = 𝑎3
O IO
D U AA

𝑎4 = 𝑥
O
ED PR

So, 𝑎7 = 𝑎7−1
𝑎7 = 𝑎6
T
©

𝑎7 = 𝑦
𝑎10 = 𝑎10−1
𝑎10 = 𝑎9
𝑎10 = 𝑧
x, y, z are in G.P. then,
𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑧
Then, 𝑥𝑧 = 𝑎𝑟 3 × 𝑎𝑟 9
= 𝑎2 𝑟 3 + 9
= 𝑎2 𝑟 12
𝑦 2 = (𝑎𝑟 6 )2
𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑟12
By comparing left hand side and right hand side
LHS = RHS
Therefore, x, y and z are in G.P.

8. The 5th, 8th and 11th term of a G.P. and p, q and s respectively.
Show that 𝒒𝟐 = 𝒑𝒔.
Solution: N AT IS
From the question it is given that,

C N
PY
O C D

𝑎5 = 𝑝
O IO
D U AA

𝑎5 = 𝑞
O
ED PR

𝑎11 = 𝑠
Now we have to prove that, 𝑞2 = 𝑝𝑠
T
©

Then, by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

𝑎5 = 𝑎𝑟 5−1
𝑎5 = 𝑎4
𝑎5 = 𝑝
So, 𝑎8 = 𝑎8−1
𝑎8 = 𝑎7
𝑎8 = 𝑞
𝑎11 = 𝑎11−1
𝑎11 = 𝑎10
𝑎11 = 𝑠
p, q, s are in G.P. then,
𝑞2 = (𝑎𝑟 7 )2
= 𝑎𝑟 14
Then, 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟 4 × 𝑎𝑟 10
= 𝑎2 𝑟 4 + 10
= 𝑎2 𝑟 14
Therefore, 𝑞2 = 𝑝𝑠
N AT IS
C N
PY
9. If 𝒂, 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐 and 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎 are in G.P., then find the values (s) of 𝒂.
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Solution:
From the question O
ED PR

(𝑎2 + 2)2 = 𝑎(𝑎3 + 10)

T

𝑎4 + 4 = 𝑎4 + 10𝑎
©

4𝑎2 − 10𝑎 + 4 = 0
2𝑎2 − 5𝑎 + 2 = 0
2𝑎2 − 𝑎 − 4𝑎 + 2 = 0
𝑎(2𝑎 − 1) − 2(2𝑎 − 1) = 0
(2𝑎 − 1)(𝑎 − 2) = 0
Then, 2𝑎 − 1 = 0
1
𝑎=
2

𝑎−2=0
𝑎=2
1
Therefore, 𝑎 = 2 or 𝑎 = .
2

10. Find the geometric progression whose 4th term is 54 and the 7th
term is 1458.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
4th term 𝑎4 = 54
7th term 𝑎7 = 1458
N AT IS
C N
𝑎𝑟 3 = 54

PY
O C D
O IO
𝑎𝑟 6 = 1458
D U AA

Now dividing we get, O

ED PR

𝑎𝑟 6 1458
=( )
𝑎𝑟 3 54
T

𝑟 6−3 = 27
©

𝑟 3 = 33
𝑟=3
Then, 𝑎𝑟 3 = 54
𝑎 × 27 = 54
54
𝑎=
57

𝑎=2
Therefore G.P. is 2, 6, 18, 54 …
 𝟑𝟗
11. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is and their product is
𝟏𝟎
1. Find the common ratio and the terms.
Solution:
From the question it is give that,
39
The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is
10

The product of first three terms of a G.P. is 1

Let us assume that a be the first term and ‘r’ be the common ratio,
𝑎
And also assume that, three terms of the G.P. is , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟
N AT IS 𝑟
𝑎 39
The sum of three terms = ( ) + 𝑎 + 𝑟 =

C N
PY
𝑟 10
O C D
O IO
Take out ‘a’ as common then, we get
D U AA

1
𝑎 ( + 1 + 𝑟) =
𝑟 O 39
10
(i)
ED PR

𝑎
Now, product of three terms = ( ) × 𝑎 × 𝑎𝑟 = 1
T

𝑟
𝑎3 𝑟
©

=1
𝑟

𝑎3 = 1
𝑎3 = 13
𝑎=1
Substitute the value of ‘a’ in equation (i).
1 39
1 ( + 1 + 𝑟) =
𝑟 10
(1+𝑟+𝑟 2 ) 39
=
𝑟 10

By cross multiplication we get,

10(1+𝑟+𝑟 2 )
= 39𝑟
𝑟

10 + 10𝑟 + 10𝑟 2 = 39𝑟

Transposing 39𝑟 from right hand side to left hand side it becomes −39𝑟
10 + 10𝑟 + 10𝑟 2 − 39𝑟 = 0
10𝑟 2 − 29𝑟 + 10 = 0
10𝑟 2 − 25𝑟 − 4𝑟 + 10 = 0
5𝑟(2𝑟 − 5) − 2(2𝑟 − 5) = 0
(2𝑟 − 5)(5𝑟 − 2) = 0
N AT IS
So,

C N
PY
O C D
2𝑟 − 5 = 0
O IO
D U AA

5
𝑟=
2
O
ED PR

5𝑟 − 2 = 0
2
T

𝑟=
5
©

5 2
Therefore, 𝑟 = or
2 5
5 5 25
Then the terms if 𝑟 = are 1, ,
2 2 4
2 2 4
The terms if 𝑟 = are 1, ,
5 5 25

12. Three numbers are in A.P. and their sum is 15. If 1, 4, and 19
are added to these numbers respectively, the resulting numbers
are in G.P. Find the numbers.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The sum of first three terms of a A.P. is 15
Let us assume three numbers are 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑.
The sum of three terms = 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 15
15
𝑎=
3

𝑎=5
Then, adding 1, 4, 19 in the terms
The numbers becomes, 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 1, 𝑎 + 4, 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 19
N AT IS
Therefore, 𝑏2 = 𝑎𝑐

C N
PY
O C D
(𝑎 + 4)2 = (𝑎 − 𝑑 + 1)(𝑎 + 𝑑 + 19)
O IO
D U AA

Simplify the above terms,

O
𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 16 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑑 + 19𝑎 − 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑎2 − 19𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 19
ED PR

𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 16 = 𝑎2 − 𝑑 2 − 18𝑑 + 20𝑎 + 19
T

8𝑎 + 16 = 2𝑎 − 18𝑑 − 𝑑 2 + 19
©

8𝑎 + 16 − 20𝑎 − 18𝑑 − 𝑑 2 + 19
8𝑎 + 16 − 20𝑎 + 18𝑑 + 𝑑 2 − 19 = 0
𝑑 2 + 18𝑑 − 12𝑎 − 3 = 0
𝑑 2 + 18𝑑 − (12 × 5) − 3 = 0
𝑑 2 + 18𝑑 − 60 − 3 = 0
𝑑 2 + 18𝑑 − 63 = 0
𝑑 2 + 21𝑑 − 3𝑑 − 63 = 0
𝑑 (𝑑 + 21) − 3(𝑑 + 21) = 0
(𝑑 + 21)(𝑑 − 3) = 0
So, 𝑑 + 21 = 0
𝑑 = −21
𝑑−3 =0
𝑑=3
Then the terms if d = 3 and a = 5,
Then G.P. 5 − 3 = 2, 5, 5 + 3 = 8
The terms if 𝑑 = −21 are 5 − (−21) = 5 + 21 = 26, 5, 5 − 21 = −16
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 9.5

1. Find the sum of:

(i) 20 terms of the series 2 + 6 + 18 + …
Solution:
From the question,
First term 𝑎 = 2
6
Common ratio 𝑟 = = 3
2

Number of terms 𝑛 = 20
N AT IS
C N
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)

PY
O C D
So, 𝑆20 =
𝑟−1
O IO
D U AA

2(320−1)
=
3−1
O
ED PR

2(320−1)
=
2
T

= 320 − 1
©

Therefore, 𝑆20 = 320 − 1

(ii) 10 terms of series 𝟏 + √𝟑 + 𝟑 + ⋯

Solution:
From the question,
First term 𝑎 = 1
√3
Common ratio 𝑟 = = √3
1

Number of terms 𝑛 = 10
 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
So, 𝑆10 =
𝑟−1
10
1((√3) −1)
=
√3−1

Multiplying (√3 + 1) for both numerator and denominator we get,

10
((√3) −1)(√3+1)
=
(√3−1)(√3+1)

(35 −1)(√3+1)
= [By rationalizing the denominator]
3−1
(243−1)(√3+1)
= N AT IS
2

C N
242(√3+1)

PY
O C D
=
2
O IO
D U AA

= 121(√3 + 1)
O
Therefore, 𝑆10 = 121(√3 + 1)
ED PR

−𝟐 𝟒
©

(iii) 6 terms of the G.P. 𝟏, , ,…

𝟑 𝟗

Solution:
From the question,
First term 𝑎 = 1
−2 −2
Common ratio 𝑟 = ×1=
3 3

Number of terms 𝑛 = 6
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
So, 𝑆6 =
𝑟−1
 −2 6
1[1−( 3 ) ]
= 2
(1+(3))

3 −26
= ( ) (1 − ( ))
5 36

3 64
= ( ) (1 − ( ))
5 729

3 (729−64)
= ( )( )
5 729
3 665
= ×( )
5 729N AT IS
133
=

C N
243

PY
O C D
𝟐 𝟒
O IO
(iv) 5 terms and 𝒏 terms of the series 𝟏 + + + ⋯
D U AA

𝟑 𝟗

Solution: O
ED PR

From the question,

T

First term 𝑎 = 1
©

2 2
Common ratio 𝑟 = × 1 =
3 3

Number of terms 𝑛 = 5
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
So, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
2 𝑛
1[1−(3) ]
= 2
(1−3)

2 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 3 [1 − ( ) ]
3

2 5
Then, 𝑆5 = 3 [1 − ( ) ]
3
 32
= 3 [1 − ( )]
243
(243−32)
= 3( )
243
211
=
81

−𝟏
2. Find the sum of the series 𝟖𝟏 − 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟗 …
𝟐𝟕

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
N AT IS
First term 𝑎 = 81

C N
PY
O C D
−27
𝑟=
O IO
81
D U AA

−1
=
3 O
ED PR

−1
Last term l =
27
T

(𝑎−𝑙𝑟)
𝑆𝑛 =
©

(𝑙−𝑟)
1 −1
[81+((27)×( ))]
3
= 1
[1+(3)]

1
[(81−(81))]
= 4
( 3)

(6561−1)
= 4
[81×(3)]

(6560×3)
= (81×4)
1640
=
27
3. The nth term of a G.P. is 128 and the sum of its 𝒏 terms is 255. If its
common ratio is 2, then find its first term.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The nth term of a G.P. 𝑇𝑛 = 128
The sum of its 𝑛 terms 𝑆𝑛 = 255
Common ratio r = 2
We know that, 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
128 = 𝑎2𝑛−1 N AT IS
128
𝑎=

C N
(i)

PY
O C D
2𝑛−1
O IO
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
D U AA

Also we know that, 𝑆𝑛 =

𝑎(2𝑛 −1) O (𝑟−1)
ED PR

255 = (2−1)
T

By cross multiplication we get,

©

255 = 𝑎(2𝑛 − 1)
255
𝑎 = (2𝑛 (ii)
−1)

By cross multiplication we get,

255 × 2𝑛 − 1 = 128(2𝑛 − 1)
255 × 2𝑛 − 1 = 125 × 2𝑛 − 128
(255×2𝑛 )
= 128 × 2𝑛 − 128
2

255 × 2𝑛 = 256 × 2𝑛 − 256

256 × 2𝑛 − 255 × 2𝑛 = 256
By simplification,
2𝑛 = 256
2𝑛 = 28
By comparing both LHS and RHS, we get,
Then, 128 = 𝑎27
128 = 𝑎 × 128
128
𝑎=
128

𝑎=1 N AT IS
Therefore, the value of 𝑎 is 1.

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

4.
(i) O
How many terms of the G.P. 𝟑, 𝟑𝟐 , 𝟑𝟑 , … are needed to give
ED PR

the sum 120?

T

Solution:
©

From the question it is given that,

Terms of the G.P. 3, 32 , 33 , …
Sum of the terms = 120
The first terms 𝑎 = 3
32
𝑟=
3
9
=
3

=3
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = = 120
𝑟−1
3(3𝑛 −1)
= 120
3−1
3(3𝑛 −1)
= 120
2

By cross multiplication we get,

(120×2)
3𝑛 − 1 =
3
240
3𝑛 − 1 =
3

3𝑛 − 1 = 80
3𝑛 = 80 + 1 N AT IS
3𝑛 = 81

C N
PY
O C D
3𝑛 = 34
O IO
D U AA

Therefore, 𝑛 = 4
O
ED PR

(ii) How many terms of the G.P. 1, 4, 16 … must be taken to have

T

their sum equal to 341?

©

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
Terms of the G.P. 1, 4, 16, …
Sum of the terms = 341
The first terms 𝑎 = 1
4
𝑟=
1

=4
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = = 341
𝑟−1
 1(4𝑛 −1)
= = 341
4−1
1(4𝑛 −1)
= = 341
3

By cross multiplication we get,

4𝑛 − 1 = (341 × 3)
4𝑛 − 1 = 1023
4𝑛 = 1023 + 1
4𝑛 = 1024
N AT IS
4 1024

C N
PY
O C D
4 256
O IO
D U AA

4 64
4
4
16
4
O
ED PR

1
T
©

4𝑛 = 45
Therefore, 𝑛 = 5

𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓𝟓
5. How many terms of the − + + ⋯ will make the sum ?
𝟗 𝟑 𝟐 𝟕𝟐

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
2 1 1
Terms of G.P. is − + + ⋯
9 3 2
55
Sum of the terms =
72
 2
The first term a =
9
−1 2 −1 9 −3
𝑟= ÷ = ( )×( ) =
3 9 3 2 2
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 55
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = =
𝑟−1 72
2 −3 𝑛
[( )(1−( ) )] 55
9 2
3
=
(1+(2)) 72

−3 𝑛 55 5 9
1−( ) = ( )×( )×( )
2 72 2 2
𝑛 3 𝑛 275
(1 − (−1)) (2) =
N AT IS 32

C N
3 𝑛

PY
275
O C D
1 +1( ) =
O IO
2 32
D U AA

3 𝑛 275
( ) =
2 32 O
−1
ED PR

3 𝑛 (275−32)
( ) =
2 32
T

3 𝑛 243
©

( ) =
2 32

3 𝑛 3 5
( ) =( )
2 2

Therefore, 𝑛 = 5

𝟏 𝟏
6. The 2nd and 5th terms of a geometric series are − and sum
𝟐 𝟏𝟔
respectively. Find the sum of the series up to 8 terms.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
 −1
𝑎2 =
2
1
𝑎5 =
16

We know that, 𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

= 𝑎𝑟 2−1
−1
𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑟 = (i)
2

𝑎5 = 𝑎𝑟 5−1
= 𝑎𝑟 4
1
𝑎5 = 𝑎𝑟 4 =
N AT IS (ii)
16

C N
PY
O C D
Now, dividing equation (ii) by (i) we get,
O IO
D U AA

1 −1
𝑟3 = +( )
1
16
O
2
ED PR

= ( ) × (−2)
16
T

−1
=
8
©

3 −1 3
𝑟 =( )
2
−1
So, 𝑟 =
2
−1
𝑎𝑟 =
2
−1 −1
𝑎×( )=
2 2
−1 −2
𝑎= ×( )
2 1

𝑎=1
−1
Therefore, 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑟 =
2
 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
Then, 𝑆8 =
𝑟−1
−1 8
1[1−( 2 ) ]
= 1
(1+2)

1
[1−(256)]
= 3
( )
2

255 2
=( )×( )
256 3
510
=( )
768
85
=
N AT IS
128

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

𝟏
7. The first term of G.P. is 27 and 8th term is . Find the sum of its
first 10 terms. O 𝟖𝟏
ED PR

Solution:
T

From the question it is given that,

©

First term 𝑎 = 27
1
8th term 𝑎8 =
81

Then, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
1
𝑎8 = 𝑎𝑟 8−1 =
81
1
𝑎8 = 𝑎𝑟 7 =
81
1
𝑎𝑟 7 =
81
1
27𝑟 7 =
81
 1
𝑟 7 = (81×27)
1
𝑟7 =
2187
1
𝑟7 =
37
1
𝑟=
3
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
So, 𝑆10 =
𝑟−1
1 10
27[1−(3) ]
= 1
(1−3) N AT IS
1
27[1−( 10 )]

C N
PY
3
O C D
= (3−1)
( )
O IO
3
D U AA

=(
27×3
2
) [1 −
O 1
310
]
ED PR

81 1
= ( ) [1 − ]
2 310
T
©

8. Find the first term of the G.P. whose common ratio is 3, last term
is 486 and the sum of whose terms is 728.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
Common ratio 𝑟 = 3
Last term = 486
Sum of the terms = 728
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
 𝑎(3𝑛 −1)
= = 728
3−1
𝑎(3𝑛 −1)
= = 728
2

= 𝑎(3𝑛 − 1) = 728 × 2
= 𝑎(3𝑛 − 1) = 1456 (i)
Then, last term = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
486 = 𝑎 × 3𝑛−1
3𝑛
486 = 𝑎 ( )
3
N AT IS
1458 = 𝑎3𝑛 (ii)

C N
PY
Consider equation (i), 𝑎(3𝑛 − 1) = 1456
O C D
O IO
D U AA

𝑎3𝑛 − 𝑎 = 1456
O
Substitute the value of 𝑎3𝑛 in equation (i),
ED PR

1458 − 𝑎 = 1456
T

𝑎 = 1458 − 1456
©

𝑎=2
Therefore, the first term 𝑎 is 2.

9. In a G.P. the first term is 7, the last term is 448, and the sum is 889.
Find the common ratio.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term a is = 7
Then, last terms is = 448
Sum = 889
We know that, last term = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
7𝑟 𝑛−1 = 448
448
𝑟 𝑛−1 =
7

𝑟 𝑛−1 = 64 (i)
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛−1)
So, sum = (𝑟−1)
= 889

7(𝑟 𝑛−1 )
(𝑟−1)
= 889

(𝑟 𝑛−1)
N AT IS
889
=

C N
(𝑟−1)

PY
7
O C D
O IO
(𝑟 𝑛−1)
D U AA

(𝑟−1)
= 127 (ii)

O
Consider the equation (i),
ED PR

𝑟𝑛
= 64
T

𝑟 𝑛 = 64𝑟
©

Now substitute the value of 𝑟 𝑛 in equation (ii),

(64𝑟−1)
(𝑟−1)
= 127

64𝑟 − 1 = 127𝑟 − 127

127𝑟 − 64𝑟 = −1 + 127
63𝑟 = 126
126
𝑟=
63

𝑟=2
Therefore, common ratio = 2

10. Find the third term of a G.P. whose common ratio is 3 and the
sum of whose first seven terms is 2186.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
Common ratio 𝑟 = 3
𝑆7 = 2186
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 =
N AT IS 𝑟−1

C N
𝑎(3𝑛 −1)

PY
O C D
𝑆7 =
3−1
O IO
D U AA

𝑎(3𝑛 −1)
2186 =
2
O
ED PR

By cross multiplication,
(2186 × 2) = 𝑎(37 − 1)
T
©

(4372) = 𝑎(2187 − 1)
4372 = 𝑎2186
4372
𝑎=
2186

𝑎=2
Then, 𝑎3 = 𝑎𝑟 3−1
= 𝑎𝑟 2
= 2 × 32
=2×9
𝑎3 = 18
11. If the first term of a G.P. is 5 and the sum of first three terms is
𝟑𝟏
, find the common ratio.
𝟓

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term of a G.P. is a = 5
31
The sum of first three terms is 𝑆3 =
5
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
𝑎(𝑟 3−1)
𝑆3 =
𝑟−1
N AT IS
C N
PY
31 5(𝑟 3 −1)
O C D
= (𝑟−1)
O IO
5
D U AA

(𝑟 3 −1)
31
(5×5)
= (𝑟−1) O
ED PR

31 (𝑟 3 −1)
= (𝑟−1)
T
25

(𝑟−1)(𝑟 2 +𝑟+1) 31
©

(𝑟−1)
=
25
31
𝑟2 + 𝑟 + 1 =
25

By cross multiplication we get,

25(𝑟 2 + 𝑟 + 1) = 31
25𝑟 2 + 25𝑟 + 25 = 31
Transposing 31 from right hand side to left hand side it becomes – 31.
25𝑟 2 + 25𝑟 + 25 − 31 = 0
25𝑟 2 + 25𝑟 − 6 = 0
25𝑟 2 + 30𝑟 − 5𝑟 − 6 = 0
5𝑟(5𝑟 + 6) − 1(5𝑟 + 6) = 0
(5𝑟 − 1)(5𝑟 + 6) = 0
Take 5𝑟 − 1 = 0
1
𝑟=
5

Or 5𝑟 + 6 = 0
−6
𝑟=
5
1 −6
Therefore, Common ratio 𝑟 = or .
N AT IS 5 5

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 CHAPTER TEST

1. Write the first four terms of the A.P. when its first term is – 5 and
term is – 5 and the common difference is – 3.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = −5
Common difference 𝑑 = −3
Then the first four terms are = −5 + (−3) = −5 − 3 = −8
N AT IS
−8 + (−3) = −8 − 3 = −11

C N
PY
O C D

−11 + (−3) = −11 − 3 = −14

O IO
D U AA

O
Therefore, first four terms are −5, −8, −11 and −14.
ED PR

2. Verify that each of the following lists of numbers is an A.P., and

T

the write its next three terms:

©

𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
(i) 𝟎, , , …
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒

Solution:
From term question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 0
1 1
Common difference = − 0 =
4 4
3 1 4
So, next three numbers are + = = 1
4 4 4
1 (4+1) 5
1+ = =
4 4 4
5 1 6 3
+ = =
4 4 4 2
5 3
Therefore, the next three term are 1, and .
4 2
𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑
(ii) 𝟓, , ,𝟒…
𝟑 𝟑

Solution:
From term question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 5
14 (14−15) −1
Common difference = −5= =
N AT IS 3 3 3
−1 (12−1) 11
So, next three numbers are 4 + ( ) = =

C N
3 3 3

PY
O C D
11 −1 (11−1) 10
O IO
+( )= =
D U AA

3 3 3 3
10
3
+( )=
−1
3
O
(10−1)
3
= =3
9
3
ED PR

11 10
Therefore, the next three term are , and 3.
T

3 3
©

3. The nth term of an A.P. is 𝟔𝒏 + 𝟐. find the common difference

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
nth term is 6𝑛 + 2
So, 𝑇𝑛 = 6𝑛 + 2
Now, we start giving values, 1, 2, 3 … in the place of n, we get,
𝑇1 = (6 × 1) + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8
𝑇2 = (6 × 2) + 2 = 12 + 2 = 14
𝑇3 = (6 × 3) + 2 = 18 + 2 = 20
𝑇4 = (6 × 4) + 2 = 24 + 2 = 26
Therefore, A.P. is 8, 14, 20, 26 …
So, common difference 𝑑 = 14 − 8 = 6

4. Show that the list of numbers 9, 12, 15, 18 … from an A.P. find its
16th term and the nth.
Solution:
From the question,
N AT IS
The first term 𝑎 = 9

C N
PY
O C D

Then, difference 𝑑 = 12 − 9 = 3
O IO
D U AA

15 − 12 = 3
O
ED PR

18 − 15 = 3
Therefore, common difference 𝑑 = 3
T
©

From the formula, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 9 + (𝑛 − 1)3
= 9 + 3𝑛 − 3
= 6 + 3𝑛
So, 𝑇16 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 9 + (16 − 1)3
= 9 + (15)(3)
= 9 + 45 = 54
5. Find the 6th term from the end of the A.P. 17, 14, 11 …., - 40.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 17
Common difference = 14 − 17 = −3
Last term l = −40
𝐿 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
−40 = 17 + (𝑛 − 1)(−3)
N AT IS
−40 − 17 = −3𝑛 + 3

C N
PY
−57 − 3 = −3𝑛
O C D
O IO
−60
D U AA

𝑛=
−3

𝑛 = 20 O
ED PR

Therefore, 6th term form the end = 𝑙 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

T

= −40 − (6 − 1)(−3)
©

= −40 − (5)(−3)
= −40 + 15
= −25

6. If the 8th term of an A.P. is 31 and the 15th term is 16 more than its
11th term, then find the A.P.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑎8 = 31
𝑎15 = the 15th term is 16 more than its 11th term = 𝑎11 + 16
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
So, 𝑎8 = 𝑎 + 7𝑑 = 31 (i)
𝑎15 = 𝑎 + 14𝑑 = 𝑎 + 10𝑑 + 16
14𝑑 − 10𝑑 = 16
4𝑑 = 16
16
𝑑=
4

𝑑=4 N AT IS
Now substitute the value of 𝑑 in equation (i) we get,

C N
PY
O C D
𝑎 + (7 × 4) = 31
O IO
D U AA

𝑎 + 28 = 31
𝑎 = 31 − 28 O
ED PR

𝑎=3
T

So, 3 + 4 = 7, 7 + 4 = 11, 11 + 4 = 15
©

Therefore, A.P. is 3, 7, 11, 15 ….

7. The 17th term of an A.P. is 5 more than twice its 8 th term. If the 11th
term of the A.P. is 43, then find the w th term.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑎17 = 5 More than twice its 8th term = 2𝑎8 + 5
𝑎11 = 43
𝑎𝑛 = ?
We know that, 𝑎11 = 𝑎 + 10𝑑 = 43 (i)
𝑎17 = 2𝑎8 + 5
𝑎 + 16𝑑 = 2(𝑎 + 7𝑑 ) + 5
𝑎 + 16𝑑 = 2𝑎 + 14𝑑 + 5
2𝑎 − 𝑎 = 16𝑑 − 14𝑑 − 5
𝑎 = 2𝑑 − 5 (ii)
Now substitute the value of 𝑎 in equation (i) we get,
2𝑑 − 5 + 10𝑑 = 43
12𝑑 = 43 + 5
N AT IS
C N
PY
12𝑑 = 48
O C D
O IO
48
D U AA

𝑑=

𝑑=4
12
O
ED PR

To find out the value of a substitute the value of 𝑑 in equation (i)

T

𝑎 + (10 × 4) = 43
©

𝑎 + 40 = 43
𝑎 = 43 − 40
𝑎=3
Then, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 3 + 4(𝑛 − 1)
= 3 + 4𝑛 − 4
= 4𝑛 − 1
8. The 19th term of an A.P. is equal to three times its 6 th term. If its 9th
term is 19, find the A.P.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
𝑎19 = 19th term of an A.P. is equal to three times its 6 th term = 3𝑎6
𝑎9 = 19
As we know, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎9 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑 = 19 (i)
Then, 𝑎19 = 3(𝑎 + 5𝑑 )
N AT IS
𝑎 + 18𝑑 = 3𝑎 + 15𝑑

C N
PY
O C D

3𝑎 − 𝑎 = 18𝑑 − 15𝑑
O IO
D U AA

2𝑎 = 3𝑑
O
ED PR

3
𝑎 = ( )𝑑
2
T

Now substitute the value of 𝑎 in equation (i) we get

©

3
( ) 𝑑 + 8𝑑 = 19
2
(3𝑑+16𝑑)
= 19
2
19
( ) 𝑑 = 19
2
(19×2)
𝑑=
19

𝑑=2
To find out the value of a substitute the value of 𝑑 in equation (i)
𝑎 + 8𝑑 = 19
𝑎 + (8 × 2) = 19
𝑎 + 16 = 19
𝑎 = 19 − 16
𝑎=3
Therefore, A.P. is 3, 5, 7, 9 …

9. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and – 8 respectively,
then which term of this A.P. is zero?
Solution: N AT IS
From the equation it is given that,

C N
PY
O C D

𝑎3 = 4
O IO
D U AA

𝑎9 = −8
O
ED PR

We know that, 𝑎3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 4 (i)

𝑎9 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑 = −8
T

(ii)
©

Now, subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii)

(𝑎 + 8𝑑 ) − (𝑎 + 2𝑑 ) = −8 − 4
𝑎 + 8𝑑 − 𝑎 − 2𝑑 = −12
6𝑑 = −12
−12
𝑑=
6

𝑑 = −2
To find out the value of a substitute the value of 𝑑 in equation (i)
𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 4
𝑎 + (2 × (−2)) = 4
𝑎−4 =4
𝑎 = 4+4
𝑎=8
Let us assume nth term be zero, then
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 0
8 + (𝑛 − 1)(−2) = 0
−2𝑛 + 2 = −8
−2𝑛 = −8 − 2
−2𝑛 = −10
N AT IS
C N
−10

PY
O C D
𝑛=
−2
O IO
D U AA

𝑛=5
O
Therefore, 0 will be the fifth term.
ED PR

10. Which term of the list of number 5, 2, -1, - 4 … is -55?

©

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 5
nth term = 55
Common difference 𝑑 = 2 − 5 = −3
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
−55 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)(−3)
−55 − 5 = −3𝑛 + 3
−60 − 3 = −3𝑛
−63 = −3𝑛
−63
𝑛=
−3

𝑛 = 21
Therefore, −55 is the 21st term.

11. The 24th term of an A.P. is twice its 10th term. Show that its 72nd
term is four times its 15th term.
Solution:
N AT IS
From the question it is given that,

C N
PY
The 24th term of an A.P. is twice its 10th term = 𝑎24 = 2𝑎10
O C D
O IO
We have to show that, 72nd term is four times its 15th term = 𝑎72 = 4𝑎15
D U AA

O
We know that, 𝑎24 = 𝑎 + 23𝑑 = 2𝑎10
ED PR

𝑎 + 23𝑑 = 2(𝑎 + 9𝑑 )
T

𝑎 + 23𝑑 = 2𝑎 + 18𝑑
©

2𝑎 − 𝑎 = 23𝑑 − 18𝑑
𝑎 = 5𝑑 (i)
𝑎72 = 4𝑎15
𝑎 + 71𝑑 = 4(𝑎 + 14𝑑 )
Substitute the value of we get,
5𝑑 + 71𝑑 = 4(5𝑑 + 14𝑑 )
76𝑑 = 4(19𝑑 )
Therefore, it is proved that 72nd term is four times its 15th term.
 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
12. Which term of the list of numbers 20, 𝟏𝟗 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟏𝟕 … is the
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
first negative term?
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 20
1 77 (77−80) −3
Common difference 𝑑 = 19 − 20 = − 20 = =
4 4 4 4

We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

−3
𝑎𝑛 = 20 + (𝑛 − 1) ( )
4
N AT IS
3 3
𝑎𝑛 = 20 − 𝑛 +

C N
PY
O C D
4 4
O IO
3 3
D U AA

𝑎𝑛 = 20 + − 𝑛
4 4

𝑎𝑛 =
(80+3) O
3
− 𝑛
ED PR

4 4
83 3
T

𝑎𝑛 = − 𝑛
4 4
©

83 3
𝑎𝑛 = − 𝑛<0
4 4
83 3
< 𝑛
4 4

83 < 3𝑛
83
<𝑛
3

28 < 𝑛
Therefore, 28th is the first negative term.

13. How many three digit numbers are divisible by 9?

Solution:
The three digits numbers which are divisible by 9 are 108, 117, 126 …,
and 999
Then, first term 𝑎 = 108
Common difference = 9
Last term = 999
We know that, l = 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
999 = 108 + (𝑛 − 1)9
999 − 108 = 9𝑛 − 9
N AT IS
891 + 9 = 9𝑛

C N
PY
O C D

900 = 9𝑛
O IO
D U AA

𝑛=
900
9 O
ED PR

𝑛 = 100
T

Therefore, there are 100 three digit numbers.

©

14. The sum of three number in A.P. is – 3 and the product is 8. Find
the number.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The sum of three numbers in A.P. = - 3
The product of three numbers in A.P. = 8
Let us assume the 3 numbers which are in A.P. are, 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑
Now adding 3 numbers = 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = −3
3𝑎 = −3
−3
𝑎=
3

𝑎 = −1
From the question, product of 3 numbers is – 35
So, (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) × (𝑎) × (𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = 8
𝑎 (𝑎 2 − 𝑑 2 ) = 8
−1((−1)2 − 𝑑 2 ) = 8
8
1 − 𝑑2 =
−1
N AT IS
1 − 𝑑 2 = −8

C N
PY
O C D

𝑑2 = 8 + 1
O IO
D U AA

𝑑2 = 9
O
ED PR

𝑑 = √9
T

𝑑 = ±3
©

Therefore, the numbers are if 𝑑 = 3(𝑎 − 𝑑 ) = −1 − 3 = −4

𝑎 = −1
(𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = −1 + 3 = 2
If 𝑑 = −6
The numbers are (𝑎 − 𝑑 ) = −1 − (−3) = −1 + 3 = 2
𝑎 = −1
Therefore, the numbers −4, −1, 2, …. and 2, −1, −4, … are in A.P.
15. The angles of a quadrilateral are in A.P. If the greatest angle is
double of the smallest angle, find all the four angles.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The angles of a quadrilateral are in A.P.
Greatest angle is double of the smallest angle
Let us assume the greatest angle of the quadrilateral is 𝑎 + 3𝑑.
Then, the other angles are 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎 − 3𝑑
So, 𝑎 − 3𝑑 is the smallest
N AT IS
Therefore, 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 2(𝑎 − 3𝑑 )

C N
PY
O C D

𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 2𝑎 − 6𝑑
O IO
D U AA

6𝑑 + 3𝑑 = 2𝑎 − 𝑎
O
ED PR

9𝑑 = 𝑎 (i)
T
We know that the sum all angles of quadrilateral is 360°
©

𝑎 − 3𝑑 + 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 360°
4𝑎 = 360°
360
𝑎=
4

𝑎 = 90°
Now, substitute the value of 𝑎 in equation (i) we get,
9𝑑 = 90
90
𝑑=
9

𝑑 = 10
Substitute the value of 𝑎 and 𝑑 in assumed angles,
Greatest angle = 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 90 + (3 × 10) = 90 + 30 = 120°
Then, other angles are = 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 90° + 10° = 100°
𝑎 − 𝑑 = 90° − 10° = 80°
𝑎 − 3𝑑 = 90° − (3 × 10) = 90 − 30 = 60°
Therefore, the angles of quadrilateral are 120°, 100°, 80° and 60°.

16. Find the sum of first 20 term of an A.P. whose nth term is 15 –
4n.
Solution: N AT IS
From the question it is given that,

C N
PY
O C D

nth term is 15 – 4n
O IO
D U AA

So, 𝑎𝑛 = 15 − 4𝑛
O
Now, we start giving values, 1, 2, 3 … in the place of n we get,
ED PR

𝑎1 = 15 − (4 × 1) = 15 − 4 = 11
T
©

𝑎2 = 15 − (4 × 2) = 15 − 8 = 7
𝑎3 = 15 − (4 × 3) = 15 − 12 = 3
𝑎4 = 15 − (4 × 4) = 15 − 16 = −1
Then, 𝑎20 = 15 − (4 × 20) = 15 − 80 = −65
So, 11, 7, 3, -1 … -65 are in A.P.
Therefore, first term 𝑎 = 11
Common difference = -4
𝑛 = 20
𝑛
𝑆20 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
 20
= ( ) [(2 × 11) + (20 − 1)(−4)]
2

= 10[22 − (19)(−4)]
= 10[22 − 76]
= 10(−54)
= −540
Therefore, the sum of first 20 terms of an A.P. is -540.

𝟏 𝟏
17. Find the sum: 𝟏𝟖 + 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟑 + ⋯ + (−𝟒𝟗 )
𝟐 𝟐
N AT IS
Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
From the question it is given that,
D U AA

First term 𝑎 = 18
O
ED PR

1
Common difference 𝑑 = 15 − 18
2
T

31
= − 18
2
©

(31−36)
=
2
−5
=
2
1 −99
Last term = −49 =
2 2

We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

−99 −5
= 18 + (𝑛 − 1) ( )
2 2
−99 18 −5
( ) − ( ) = (𝑛 − 1) ( )
2 1 2
(−99−36) −5
= ( ) (𝑛 − 1)
2 2
 −135 −5
( ) = ( ) ( 𝑛 − 1)
2 2
−135 −2
( )×( ) = 𝑛−1
2 5
−135
=𝑛−1
−5

27 = 𝑛 − 1
𝑛 = 27 + 1
𝑛 = 28
𝑛
Then, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
N AT IS2
28 −5
𝑆28 = ( ) [(2 × 18) + (28 − 1) ( )]

C N
PY
2 2
O C D
O IO
−5
D U AA

𝑆28 = 14 [36 + (27 × ( ))]

2

𝑆28 = 14 [36 − ( O 135

)]
ED PR

2
(72−135)
T

𝑆28 = 14 [ ]
2
©

−63
𝑆28 = 14 ( )
2

𝑆28 = −441

18.
−𝟏𝟏
(i) How many terms of the A.P. – 6, ( ) , −𝟓, … make the sum
𝟐
– 25?
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
 −11
Terms of the A.P. is −6, ( ) , −5, …
2

The first term 𝑎 = −6

−11
Common difference 𝑑 = ( ) − (−6)
2
−11
=( )+6
2
(−11+12)
=
2
1
=
2

The terms are make the sum – 25

N AT IS
𝑛

C N
Then, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]

PY
O C D
2
O IO
D U AA

𝑛 1
−25 = ( ) [(2 × (−6)) + (𝑛 − 1) ( )]
2

−25 × 2 = 𝑛 [−12 + 𝑛 − ]
O 1 1
2
ED PR

2 2
T
−25 1
−50 = 𝑛 [( ) + 𝑛]
2 2
©

1 25
𝑛2 − ( ) 𝑛 + 50 = 0
2 2

𝑛2 − 25𝑛 + 100 = 0
𝑛2 − 5𝑛 − 20 + 100 = 0
𝑛(𝑛 − 5) − 20(𝑛 − 5) = 0
(𝑛 − 5)(𝑛 − 20) = 0
So, 𝑛 − 5 = 0
𝑛=5
Or 𝑛 − 20 = 0
𝑛 = 20
Therefore, number of terms are 5 or 20.

(ii) Solve the equation 𝟐 + 𝟓 + 𝟖 + ⋯ + 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓𝟓

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The first term 𝑎 = 2
Last term = 𝑥
Common difference 𝑑 = 5 − 2 = 3
N AT IS
C N
PY
Then, sum of the terms = 155
O C D
O IO
𝐿 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
D U AA

𝑥 = 2 + (𝑛 − 1)3 O
ED PR

𝑥 = 2 + 3𝑛 − 3
T

𝑥 = 3𝑛 − 1 (i)
©

𝑛
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
𝑛
155 = ( ) [(2 × 2) + (𝑛 − 1) × 3]
2

155 × 2 = 𝑛[4 + 3𝑛 − 3]
310 = 𝑛(3𝑛 + 1)
3𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 310 = 0
3𝑛2 − 30𝑛 + 31𝑛 − 310 = 0
3𝑛(𝑛 − 10) + 31(𝑛 − 10) = 0
(𝑛 − 10)(3𝑛 − 31) = 0
So, 𝑛 − 10 = 0
𝑛 = 10
Or 3𝑛 + 31 = 0
−31
𝑛=
3

Negative is not possible

Therefore, 𝑛 = 10
Now, substitute the value of 𝑛 in equation (i),
𝑥 = 3𝑛 − 1 N AT IS
= (3 × 10) − 1

C N
PY
O C D
= 30 − 1
O IO
D U AA

= 29
O
ED PR

19. If the third term of an A.P. is 5 and the ratio of its 6 th term to
T

the 10th term is 7: 13, then find the sum of first 20 term of this A.P.
©

Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The third term of an A.P. 𝑎3 = 5
The ratio of its 6th term to the 10th term 𝑎6 ∶ 𝑎10 = 7 ∶ 13
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (3 − 1)𝑑 = 5
= 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 5 (i)
𝑎6 7
Then, =
𝑎10 13
(𝑎+5𝑑) 7
(𝑎+9𝑑)
=
13

By cross multiplication we get,

13(𝑎 + 5𝑑 ) = 7(𝑎 + 9𝑑 )
13𝑎 + 75𝑑 = 7𝑎 + 63𝑑
13𝑎 − 7𝑎 + 65𝑑 − 63𝑑 = 0
6𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 0
Divide by 2 on both side we get,
3𝑎 + 𝑑 = 0 N AT IS
𝑑 = −3𝑎 (i)

C N
PY
O C D
Substitute the value of 𝑑 in equation (i),
O IO
D U AA

𝑎 + 2(−3𝑎) = 5
𝑎 − 6𝑎 = 5 O
ED PR

−5𝑎 = 5
T

−5
𝑎=
©

𝑎 = −1
Now substitute the value of 𝑎 in equation (ii).
𝑑 = −3(−1)
𝑑=3
Then, sum of first 20 terms,
𝑛
= ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
20
= ( ) [(2 × (−3)) + (2 − (−1))3]
2
= 10[−2 + 57]
= 10 × 55
= 550

20. The sum of first 14 terms of an A.P. is 1505 and its first term is
10. Find its 25th term.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
First term 𝑎 = 10
N AT IS
The sum of first 14 terms of an A.P. = 1505

C N
PY
O C D

25th term =?
O IO
D U AA

O 𝑛
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
ED PR

𝑛
𝑆14 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
T

14
1505 = ( ) [(2 × 10) + (14 + 1)𝑑 ]
©

1505 = 7[20 + 13𝑑 ]

1505
= 20 + 13𝑑
7

215 = 20 + 13𝑑
13𝑑 = 195
195
𝑑=
13

𝑑 = 15
Then, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎25 = 𝑎 + (25 − 1)(15)
= 10 + (24)15
= 10 + 360
= 370

21. Find the geometric progression whose 4th term is 54 and 7th term
is 1458.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
N AT IS
The geometric progression whose 4th term 𝑎4 = 54

C N
PY
O C D

The geometric progression whose 7th term 𝑎7 = 1458

O IO
D U AA

O
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
ED PR

𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 4−1
𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 3 = 54
T
©

𝑎7 = 𝑎𝑟 6 = 1458
By dividing both we get,
𝑎𝑟 6 1458
3
=
𝑎𝑟 54

𝑟 6−3 = 27
𝑟 3 = 33
𝑟=3
To find out 𝑎, consider 𝑎𝑟 3 = 54
𝑎(3)3 = 54
 54
𝑎=
27

𝑎=2
Therefore, 𝑎 = 2, 𝑟 = 3
So, G.P. is 2, 6, 18, 54 ….

22. The fourth term of a G.P. is the square of its second term and
the first term is −𝟑. Find its 7th term.
Solution:
N AT IS
From the question it is given that,

C N
The fourth term of a G.P. is the square of its second term = 𝑎4 = (𝑎2 )2

PY
O C D
O IO
The first term 𝑎1 = −3
D U AA

O
We know that, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
ED PR

𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 4−1
T

𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 3
©

𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑟
Now, 𝑎𝑟 3 = (𝑎𝑟)2
𝑎𝑟 3 = 𝑎2 𝑟 2
𝑟3 𝑎2
=
𝑟2 𝑎

3−2 2−1 𝑎𝑚
𝑟 =𝑎 [From = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 ]
𝑎𝑛

𝑟=𝑎
𝑎1 = −3
𝑎7 = 𝑎𝑟 7−1
𝑎7 = 𝑎𝑟 6
= −3 × (−3)6
= −3 × 729
= −2187
Therefore, the 7th term 𝑎7 = −2187

23. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a G.P. are 𝒙, 𝒚 and z respectively,
prove that 𝒙, 𝒚 and z are in G.P.
Solution: N AT IS
From the question it is given that,

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
𝑎4 = 𝑥
D U AA

𝑎10 = 𝑦
O
ED PR

𝑎16 = 𝑧
T

Now, we have to show that 𝑥, 𝑦 and z are in G.P.

©

We know that,
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 4−1
𝑎4 = 𝑎𝑟 3 = 𝑥
𝑎10 = 𝑎𝑟 9 = 𝑦
𝑎16 = 𝑎𝑟 15 = 𝑧
x, y, z are in G.P.
If 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦
Substitute the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑦 2 = (𝑎𝑟 9 )2
𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑟 18
Then, 𝑥𝑧 = 𝑎𝑟 2 × 𝑎𝑟 15
= 𝑎1+1 𝑟 3+15 [From 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 ]
= 𝑎2 𝑟 18
So, 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦
Therefore, it is proved that x, y, z are in G.P.

N AT IS 𝟑 𝟑
24. How many terms of the G.P. 𝟑, , are needed to give the sum
𝟐 𝟒

C N
PY
𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟗
O C D
?
𝟓𝟏𝟐
O IO
D U AA

Solution:
O
From the question it is given that,
ED PR

3069
Sum of the terms 𝑆𝑛 =
T

512
©

First term 𝑎 = 3
3
( 2)
Common ratio r =
3
3 1
=( )×( )
2 3
1
=
2
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = (1−𝑟)
1 𝑛
3069 3[1−(2) ]
( )= 1
512 (1− )
2
 3069 1 𝑛
( ) = (2 × 3) [1 − ( ) ]
512 2
1 𝑛 3069
1 − ( ) = (512×6)
2

1 𝑛 1023
( ) =
2 1024

1 𝑛 (1024−1023)
( ) =
2 1024
1 𝑛 1
( ) =
2 1024

2 1024
N AT IS
C N
2 512

PY
O C D

2 256
O IO
D U AA

2 128
2 64 O
ED PR

2 32
2 16
T

2 8
©

2 4
2 2
1

1 𝑛 1 10
( ) =( )
2 2

By comparing both LHS and RHS,

𝑛 = 10
Therefore, there are 10 terms are in the G.P.