A novel 2×1 UWB-MIMO flower bouquet shaped

antenna using CSRR reducing mutual coupling for

wireless communication systems
2024 International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC) | 979-8-3503-6530-6/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCSC62074.2024.10616630

Naima Dihaji Hanane Nasraoui Sudipta Das*

Power Electronics and System Control Power Electronics and System Control Department of Electronics and
Lab, Higher National School of Mines, Lab, Higher National School of Mines, Communication Engineering, IMPS
Rabat Rabat College of Engineering and Technology
Laboratory of Aeronautical Laboratory of Aeronautical Chandipur, West Bengal, India
Telecommunication, Mohammed VI, Telecommunication, Mohammed VI,
International Academy of International Academy of [Link]@[Link]
Civil Aviation Civil Aviation
Rabat, Morocco Nouaceur, Morocco

dihajinaima@[Link] [Link]@[Link]

Jamal El Aoufi Mustapha Kchikach

Laboratory of Aeronautical Power Electronics and System Control
Telecommunication, Mohammed VI, Lab, Higher National School of Mines,
International Academy of Rabat
Civil Aviation Rabat, Morocco
Nouaceur, Morocco
kchikach@[Link]
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract— In this article, a 2×1 UWB-MIMO flower bouquet The operating bandwidth of UWB antennas is remarkably
has been discussed using a low-cost FR-4-epoxy material for high, allowing faster data transmission speeds. Therefore,
wireless communication systems. This antenna provides a wider
bandwidth impedance of [3.42-14.64] GHz. The reflection this makes them the ideal choice for many applications and
coefficient of the proposed work achieves -35.04 dB. For the prototypes, such as short-range radars, high-speed wireless
aims of reducing mutual coupling, a CSRR was etched on the local networks (WLANs), wireless personal networks, and
top and the bottom of the radiation element and the isolation
broadband multimedia communications [3].
achieves 44.58 dB at 11.63 GHz. Furthermore, theECC
parameter is less than 0.002 and the diversity gain is close to 10 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have
dB. Moreover, the TARC parameter is low of -10 dB throughout revolutionized and invaded the landscape of wireless
the operating bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed design is a introducing a new dimension to data transmission [4]. By
good choice for wireless communication systems.
operating multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the
Keywords—UWB, MIMO, CSRR, Isolation, Wireless receiver, MIMO systems overcome the limitations of
communication conventional single-antenna technologies, offering a
I. INTRODUCTION multitude of advantages that transform the way we connect to
the digital world. MIMO technology ameliorates
Innovative, smart, and high-speed wireless communication
communication performance. Indeed, it is mostly utilized in
systems are increasingly in demand, which has resulted in
modern communication systems to improve data throughput.
increased work and efforts in this area to design market-
One of the main advantages of MIMO systems is their ability
friendly antennas [1].
to significantly increase data flow. By using multiple
Nowadays, the high demand of wireless communication
communication channels simultaneously, MIMO systems
systems has motivated the engineers and the researchers to
enable larger volumes of data to be transported, allowing
develop low cost and compact size devices such as
faster downloads, high-definition video streams, and smooth
miniaturized antennas. In [2], the authors proposed some
Internet browsing. This increased flow rate is valuable in
preliminary techniques to reduce the size of the microwave
environments with high bandwidth demand, such as densely
circuits like substrate integrated waveguide structures.
populated urban areas or collaborative workplaces [5].
The achievement of ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) and the
Microwave wireless communication has given greater
integration of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)
importance to MIMO antenna technology based on
configurations are two important key features in this area.
metamaterials. Researchers can greatly enhance the

979-8-3503-6530-6/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE

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 performance of MIMO systems, particularly in terms of a rectangular slot DGS has been added. As depicted in fig3. ,
bandwidth gain and isolation, by incorporating metal the bandwidth is from 3.37 GHz to 14.49 GHz and the
resonant structures, or SRRs and CSRRs, into the MIMO reflection coefficient is -45.44 dB. The parameters of the
proposed antenna are listed in table 1.
antenna design [6]. The implantation of metamaterials in
MIMO technology mitigates electromagnetic decoupling and
suppresses surface waves. Hence, metamaterials helps to
reduce the electromagnetic interference between adjacent
radiated elements and enhancing isolation. Researchers can
significantly improve the performance of MIMO systems.
SRRs introduce resonance in the antenna response, enabling (a) (b)
operational bandwidth expansion [7]. This results in an
increased ability to transmit data across a wider frequency
range, which is crucial for modern wireless applications that
require higher data speeds.
In [8], the authors developed a MIMO antenna based on split (c) (d)
Fig. 1. Design step by step of the proposed antenna, (a) Design 1, (b)
ring resonators (SRRs) to improve insulation and gain. Design 2, (c) Design 3 and (d) Proposed design
Furthermore, a 4×4 MIMO UWB antenna has been designed
by [9] and it provides isolation of 41 dB. A MIMO antenna
of four ports is proposed in [10]. The bandwidth of this A
antenna equals 10.2 GHz and the isolation achieves 20 dB.
The antenna reported in represents a 2×2 MIMO UWB- R
Umbrella shaped with isolation until 23 dB. Moreover, the x1
authors in [11] proposed a structure that operates from 3.1 x2
Lf
GHz to 13.75 GHz with ECC= 0.0045 and an isolation greater
than 25 dB.
Wf
In this work, an UWB-MIMO antenna has been suggested for Fig. 2. The optimized antenna design
wireless systems. The dimension of this structure is 61×27
TABLE I. ANTENNA PARAMETERS
mm2. Moreover, a double CSRR is embedded on the top and
the bottom of the radiation element to mitigate the mutual Parameter Ls Ws Lg Wg A Lf
coupling. Based on the obtained results, the isolation achieves Value (mm) 27 61 11.5 24 16.12 12.06
44.58 dB. The bandwidth impedance ranges from 3.42 to Parameter Wf x1 x2
14.64 GHz. The characteristic performance of this MIMO Value (mm) 3 3.3 1.3
antenna such as ECC, DG, TARC and CCL are 0.002, 9.98
dB, <-10 dB and 0.004 bits/s/Hz respectively. Therefore, this
UWB-MIMO flower bouquet shape is a suitable choice for
wireless devices.

II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND SIMULATION

A. Single Antenna design
The design of the proposed antenna has been performed using
Computer Simulation Technology CST. Fig1. illustrates the
design procedure (design 1 to the proposed work). The
optimized structure of the proposed antenna is depicted in
fig2. This model has been designed using low cost Fr-4-
epoxy of permittivity 4.4. and losses of 0.02. Initially, a
normal circular patch antenna with a partial ground plane has
been designed. Based of the obtained results, there is
mismatch from 8.25 GHz to 10.68 GHz and the reflection
coefficient is -20.85 dB. After that, the patch part was
adjusted to enhance the bandwidth of the reflection
coefficient. The return loss is -42.93 dB and the bandwidth Fig. 3. Reflection coefficient of Design 1, Design 2, Design 3 and the
ranges from 3.41 GHz to 15.86 GHz except [9.23-10.55] proposed design
GHz. The trapezoidal feed line was used in Design 3. Thus,
the bandwidth impedance is [3.36-13] GHz and the S11 B. CSRR-MTM design
parameter is approximatively -38.87 dB. Finally, a small In this section, a CSRR unit cell is presented. As shown in
semi-circles has been added on the upper part of the patch and fig4. , the CSRR has two rings. The inner one is a hexagon

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 shape and the other has a square geometry. The overall of the
proposed MTM is 8×8 mm2 and the dimensions are depicted
in table 2. The reflection and the transmission parameters S11
and S21 are illustrated in fig 5. Thus, there are two resonance
frequencies of the transmission parameter at 5.9 GHz and
10.63 GHz.
A 2×1 unit cell arranged vertically and horizontally are
illustrated in fig 6. As shown in fig 7. , it can be observed that
the S21 of vertical and horizontal MTM operates over a large
frequency range that obeys the bandwidth impedance of the
proposed antenna. a

g1
c

b a
Fig. 7. Transmission coefficient of different arragement

C. MIMO antenna design

g2
The design of the 2×1 UWB MIMO antenna is presented in
fig 8. The dimension of the proposed MIMO is 61×27 mm2.
Fig. 4. CSRR-MTM unit cell As depicted in fig 9. , it is observed that the isolation is
performed by using a two connected complementary split
TABLE II. CSRR-MTM UNIT CELL PARAMETERS
ring resonator CSRR and the achieved isolation is around -
Parameter a b c g1 g2
44.58 dB at 11.63 GHz. In order to obtain an ultra-wide band
Value (mm) 7 8 2.7 0.2 0.2
bandwidth, a partial ground plane is etched with a rectangular
defected ground structure for a large bandwidth impedance.
Table I represents the optimized dimensions of the proposed
work.
Ws

Ls

(a)

Fig. 5. S-Parameters of CSRR-MTM unit cell

Fig. 8. Antenna design(b)

(a) Front view, (b) Back view

(a) (b)
Fig. 6. (a) Vertical and (b) Horizontal 2×1 CSRR-MTM

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 D. Antenna performances
The S-parameters of the proposed antenna are illustrated
in fig 9. The simulation of the flower bouquet shape UWB-
MIMO antenna is performed using CST Microwave Studio
Software. The bandwidth impedance ranges from 3.42 to
14.64 GHz. It can be observed the impedance matching
achieves a reflection coefficient of -35.04 dB. Furthermore,
mutual coupling among the MIMO elements should be low.
For this purpose, a parasitic CSRR is put between the two
radiation patches on the top and the bottom of the substrate to
avoid electromagnetic fields affect the other antennas. It can
be mentioned that the dimension and the position of the
decoupling element is optimized using a parametric study. As
shown in fig 9. , the isolation is < -15 dB over the whole
operating bandwidth. Fig. 10. Isolation of MIMO antenna without MTM, with Lower MTM,
Upper MTM and Both MTM

Fig 11. illustrates the Envelope Correlation Coefficient

ECC of the proposed antenna. ECC shows the correlation
between the radiation patterns of the adjacent MIMO elements
[12], [13]. In principle, this value equals zero. In reality, it
should be less than 0.5. For the proposed UWB-MIMO
antenna, ECC< 0.002 for the operating band. The diversity
gain is almost 10 dB throughout the operational bandwidth.
It can be noticed the diversity gain is the increase in signal-
to-noise because of the diversity schemes[12], [14]. The Total
Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) parameter refers to the
ratio of the reflected power from the antenna to the power
delivered to the antenna [15], [16]. It can be observed that the
high value of TARC means an important portion of reflected
Fig. 9. S-Parameters of the proposed design power. Thus, reducing this parameter is a pivotal challenge to
obtain a good transmission of electromagnetic waves. As
The isolation between the two radiated elements without shown in fig 12. , the TARC is low all over the operating
CSRR, with upper, with lower and both 2×1 unit cell is studied bandwidth which demonstrates the applicability of this MIMO
in this work. As shown in fig 10. , without any CSRR-MTM, for wireless communication devices.
the isolation does not exceed 25 dB. Whereas, for lower
MTM, the maximum isolation achieves 27.32 dB. For upper
CSRR, the provided isolation is 61 dB at 10.57 GHz but all
over the operating bandwidth, the average value is probably
20 dB. It can be observed that the maximum isolation is 44.58
dB at 11.63 GHz for both upper and lower CSRR-MTM.
Concerning this analysis, it is evident that the usage of the
CSRR in the top and the bottom and the bottom of the
proposed MIMO provides a good isolation all over the
bandwidth impedance.

Fig. 11. Diversity Gain (DG) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)
of the proposed work

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 Fig. 12. Total Active Reflection Coefficient of the proposed design
(b)
Channel Capacity Loss CCL indicates the data rate Fig. 14. Radiation Pattern at (a) 4.75 GHz and (b) 8.9 GHz
supported in a specific channel. Practically, CCL must not
E. Antenna comparison with existing works
exceed 0.4 bits/s/Hz. For the proposed work, CCL achieves
In this section, a comparison study of the proposed UWB-
0.005 bits/s/Hz as depicted in fig 13.
MIMO flower bouquet shape antenna with the state-of-the-art
of existing works as shown in table 3. In [12], the isolation
achieves 44.58 dB using a parasitic decoupler and the ECC is
0.002. For [15], the isolation is more than 18 dB and it has a
compact size compared to the other works. Although the
structure in [17] has a good performance in terms of ECC, DG
and isolation by using metamaterials, but the dimensions of
the design is large. To sum up, the proposed design offers a
good performance based on this comparison, such as the
ECC< 0.002, the diversity gain close to 10dB and the isolation
of 44.58 dB. As a consequence, the proposed antenna is a
suitable choice for wireless communication systems.

Fig. 13. Channel Capacity Loss of the proposed design TABLE III. ANTENNA COMPARISON WITH EXISTING WORKS

Radiation pattern are also discussed in this section, as shown III. CONCLUSION
in fig 14. , the radiation is almost omnidirectional for both Ref Bandwidth Antenna size ECC DG CCL Isolation TARC
frequencies 4.75 GHz and 8.9 GHz. Consequently, based (GHz) (mm2) (dB) (dB) (bits/s/Hz) (dB)
on the mentioned results of this study, the proposed work [12] [3.1-11.8] 54×54 0.001 ≈ 10 <0.4 ≈ 50 -
satisfies the requirements of UWB-MIMO criteria. It can [15] [21.8- 31.891×37.5885 <0.004 >9.99 <0.4 >18 <-10
be a suitable choice for wireless communication systems. 29.1]

[17] [3.08- 80×80 <0.004 >9.98 - ≈ 35 -

7.75]

This [3.42- 61×27 <0.002 ≈ 10 ≈ 0.005 ≈ 44.58 <-10

work 14.64]

This work discusses a compact low-cost 2×1 UWB-

MIMO antenna. This antenna has a bandwidth impedance
[3.42-14.64] GHz. The two radiation elements are separated
by d1 = 13 mm. To enhance the isolation, A two connected
vertical and horizontal CSRR has been used on the top and the
bottom of the substrate respectively. Thus, the isolation
achieves 44.58 dB.
The proposed antenna provides an ECC ow than 0.002,
DG of 9.98 dB and TARC <-10 dB. The channel capacity loss
(a) is almost 0.004 bits/s/Hz. Based on the obtained results, the
suggested design can be used for UWB wireless
communication devices. In order to validate the obtained
results, it it necessary to move to experimental setup.
Moreover, it is crucial to study the SAR analysis.

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