Inspiration
08 February 2022 17:41
### *Assertion-Reason Questions*
1. *Assertion (A):* Sertoli cells provide nutrition to developing sperm.
*Reason (R):* Sertoli cells are present in the seminiferous tubules and secrete androgen-binding
protein.
*(Page 48)*
2. *A:* Leydig cells synthesize androgens.
*R:* Androgens regulate secondary sexual characters and sperm production.
*(Page 48)*
3. *A:* The corpus luteum degenerates if fertilization does not occur.
*R:* The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the
endometrium.
*(Page 54)*
4. *A:* The acrosome of sperm contains hydrolytic enzymes.
*R:* These enzymes help the sperm penetrate the zona pellucida of the ovum.
*(Page 49)*
5. *A:* The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle.
*R:* Estrogen and progesterone regulate the thickening and shedding of the endometrium.
*(Page 54)*
6. *A:* Capacitation is essential for sperm to fertilize the ovum.
*R:* Capacitation increases the metabolic activity and motility of sperm in the female reproductive
tract.
*(Page 56)*
7. *A:* The zona pellucida remains intact until implantation.
*R:* The zona pellucida prevents the blastocyst from adhering to the fallopian tube.
*(Page 56)*
8. *A:* Colostrum is rich in antibodies.
*R:* Colostrum provides passive immunity to the newborn.
*(Page 61)*
9. *A:* The placenta acts as a barrier between the mother and fetus.
*R:* The placenta allows the exchange of glucose, oxygen, and waste materials.
*(Page 60)*
10. *A:* The middle piece of sperm contains mitochondria.
*R:* Mitochondria provide energy for the motility of the sperm tail.
*(Page 49)*
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11. *A:* The ovulatory phase is triggered by an LH surge.
*R:* LH induces the rupture of the Graafian follicle.
*(Page 54)*
12. *A:* Prolactin is essential for milk production.
*R:* Prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
*(Page 61)*
13. *A:* The cervix is a narrow opening between the uterus and vagina.
*R:* The cervix dilates during parturition to allow the baby’s passage.
*(Page 50)*
14. *A:* Vasectomy is a surgical method of contraception in males.
*R:* Vasectomy blocks the transport of sperm by cutting the vas deferens.
*(Page 63)*
15. *A:* Oral pills contain progesterone and estrogen.
*R:* These hormones inhibit ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
*(Page 64)*
16. *A:* The trophoblast layer forms the placenta.
*R:* Trophoblast cells embed into the endometrium during implantation.
*(Page 58)*
17. *A:* The menstrual phase is marked by the shedding of the endometrium.
*R:* Progesterone levels drop sharply during this phase.
*(Page 54)*
18. *A:* The primary oocyte completes meiosis I before birth.
*R:* Meiosis I in oocytes is arrested at prophase I until puberty.
*(Page 52)*
19. *A:* The blastocyst differentiates into trophoblast and inner cell mass.
*R:* The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryo.
*(Page 58)*
20. *A:* Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection.
*R:* Oxytocin causes the contraction of myoepithelial cells in mammary glands.
*(Page 61)*
---
21. *A:* The urethra in males transports both urine and semen.
*R:* The urethra is connected to the urinary bladder and ejaculatory ducts.
*(Page 47)*
22. *A:* The fallopian tube is lined with ciliated epithelium.
*R:* Cilia help transport the ovum toward the uterus.
*(Page 50)*
23. *A:* The acrosomal reaction is triggered by contact with the zona pellucida.
*R:* The zona pellucida contains glycoproteins that bind to sperm receptors.
*(Page 56)*
24. *A:* The morula is a solid ball of cells formed after cleavage.
*R:* The morula undergoes compaction before transforming into a blastocyst.
*(Page 57)*
25. *A:* Relaxin is secreted during pregnancy.
*R:* Relaxin softens the pelvic ligaments and dilates the cervix during parturition.
*(Page 59)*
26. *A:* The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus.
*R:* The umbilical vein connects the placenta to the fetal heart.
*(Page 60)*
27. *A:* The scrotum maintains a temperature 2–3°C lower than the body.
*R:* Lower temperature is essential for spermatogenesis.
*(Page 47)*
28. *A:* Inhibin suppresses FSH secretion.
*R:* Inhibin is secreted by Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females.
*(Page 48)*
29. *A:* The cortical reaction prevents polyspermy.
*R:* Cortical granules modify the zona pellucida to block sperm entry.
*(Page 56)*
30. *A:* ZIFT involves transferring embryos into the fallopian tube.
*R:* ZIFT is used when the female cannot produce ova.
*(Page 64)*
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### *Answer Key*
| *Q. No.* | *Answer* | *Explanation* |
|------------|-------------|------------------|
| 1 | *A* | Both A and R are true, and R explains A. |
| 2 | *A* | Both true; R correctly explains A. |
| 3 | *A* | Both true; R is the correct reason for A. |
| 4 | *A* | Both true; R explains the role of acrosomal enzymes. |
| 5 | *A* | Both true; hormones regulate endometrial changes. |
| 6 | *A* | Both true; capacitation enhances sperm fertility. |
| 7 | *D* | A is false (zona pellucida disintegrates before implantation). |
| 8 | *A* | Both true; colostrum provides passive immunity. |
| 9 | *B* | A is false (placenta is not a complete barrier). |
| 10 | *A* | Both true; mitochondria power sperm motility. |
| 11 | *A* | Both true; LH surge causes ovulation. |
| 12 | *B* | A is true, but R is not the reason for A. |
| 13 | *B* | A is true, but R does not explain A. |
| 14 | *A* | Both true; R explains how vasectomy works. |
| 15 | *A* | Both true; hormones prevent ovulation. |
| 16 | *A* | Both true; trophoblast forms placenta. |
| 17 | *A* | Both true; progesterone drop causes shedding. |
| 18 | *C* | A is false (meiosis I completes just before ovulation). |
| 19 | *A* | Both true; inner cell mass forms the embryo. |
| 20 | *A* | Both true; oxytocin triggers milk ejection. |
| 21 | *A* | Both true; urethra’s dual function explained by R. |
| 22 | *A* | Both true; cilia aid ovum transport. |
| 23 | *A* | Both true; zona pellucida triggers acrosomal reaction. |
| 24 | *A* | Both true; morula precedes blastocyst formation. |
| 25 | *A* | Both true; relaxin aids parturition. |
| 26 | *A* | Both true; umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood. |
| 27 | *A* | Both true; scrotum’s role in temperature regulation. |
| 28 | *A* | Both true; inhibin’s role in FSH regulation. |
| 29 | *A* | Both true; cortical reaction blocks polyspermy. |
| 30 | *C* | A is true, but R is false (ZIFT is for tubal issues). |
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*Key Tips for A/R Questions:*
1. *Both True & Correct Explanation (A)*: Most NCERT-based A/R questions fall here.
2. *True A but Incorrect/Unrelated R (B)*: Common trap in NEET!
3. *A is False (C/D)*: Check facts strictly from NCERT.
*Revise thoroughly! Best of luck!*