a i OK Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTERS ~ PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 85 3.1 Oral and Written Patterns et [isn and Written Patterns In mathematics, patterns can be thought of as designs or sets with common relationships between the objects or numbers that are in the pattern. We look for a rule to describe the pattern 0 allow us to determine what element or number comes next in the pattem. Examples: 1. Look at the pattern shown by the number of stars in each set below. ve www wk ON we Yr ee Gh 4, What pattem is shown by each set of stars? The number of stars increases by 2 in each set b. How many stars would be in the next set? The last set shown contained 7 stars. Since each set increases by two stars, the next set would contain 7 +2 =9 stars 2. Dates for a month are shown in the calendar below, - May Mon | Tue | Wed [Thur | Fri_[ Sat [Sun a 2 3 T 4gas To 7 Ls *R9 ibs 13 14 [is ie [7 | ts [is [20 | 2i [22 [a3 | 2a [as [26 [27 28 [29 [30 [31 Look at the following 2-by-2 squares from the calendar, 1 2 2 3 4 5 8 o 9 i} u 12 Square #1 Square #2 Square #3 a. Add the diagonals. What pattem do you find? Oand 8 + square #2: 2+ 10= 12 and 9 +3 = 12; 16and S+1 Square #1:9-+ 1 Square #3:4+ 12 16 Rule: The sums of the numbers in the diagonals are equal. b. Add the numbers in the columns of each 2-by-2 square. What pattem do you Square #1: 8+ 1=9 and 2+9=11; Square #2:2+9=11 and 3 + 10= 13; Square #3:4+ 11 = 1S and S$ +12=17 Rule: The sum of the numbers in the 2 column in each square is 2 larger than the sum in the first column, itis unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without pemission from Dynamic Classroom Ine This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only, All ights reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER @ - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS. 86 c. Add the numbers in the rows of each 2-by-2 square. What pattern do you find? Square #1: 1 +2=3 and 8 +9= 17; Square #2: 2 +3=5 and 9+ 10= 19; Square #3: 4+5=9and 1 +12=23 Rule: The sum of the numbers in the 2“ row in each square is 14 larger than the sum in the first row, 3. The arrows below show a pattern. What direction would the next pair of arrows face? fest Each pair of arrows has been rotated gne quarter of a tum (90°) left from the one before it. So the next pair of arrows would face left ( ) To find a relationship among a set of numbers = Look for a pattem between pairs of the numbers that follow each other. © Use more than one pair at a time: Ist and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, and 3rd and 4". = Once you have identified the relationship, use it to generate other numbers in the pattern Examples with Solutions 1. Find the next number in the following 1. Look for a common pattern between 7 and number patter 11, 11 and 15, and 15 and 19. 7,11, 15,192 23 2. The pattem shows an increase of 4 in each pair of numbers. 3, To generate the next number, add 4 to 19. 4, The next number is 23. 2, Explain what the relationship is between Examine pairs of numbers. pairs of numbers that follow each other. What is the relationship between 43 and 38, "38 and 33, 28, and 28 and 23? 43; 38,33,28, a) 38 and 33, 33 and 28, and 28 and 3. The pattem shows a decrease of 5 in each pair of numbers 4, The rule is “to generate the next number, subtract 5. What do you think the 6! term would be in}, ‘The first number is 5, the second number is 1, the following pattern? @ It’ untawtul to photocopy 0° raproclice content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc, “This cuide is lcensedto the end user for PERSONAL use only. All ights reserved. the third number is 2, ete.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS ar B24 A Hb 2. Each number in the pattern is twice the ? number before it. 3. The 6" term would be 16. Exercises 3.1 l 4 1. Deseribe the relationship between the terms in each iepatterns HONP hoa GO e B22, 33,3950 ‘Tae rees' b. $10, 20,40, 80, 16, ( ee wa & S Gots vp by dasbles \div €. 100, 89, 78, 67, $6, 45, .. & 243812793 | dd of ZL] WOH ups el r p a4 Leah by | 25,11, 23,47, « . 2 Me. io n High sb . gees down byl & Po! . ‘goo every time | Fi eting by |8o . Find the next term in cach number pattern. } O°” evi dh all 13, 15,.. | 7 b. 43, 40, 37,34, ... 3 | hie ©.3,6,12,24,... 18 4,80, 40, 20, 10, ..5 1 AN ea aK Chay £. 8,78, 78, 7 a. goes down by I quede. it eo a by 29 h. $,2.5,0,-2.5,... gard APE ay Wb 47,23, 11,5,2,. | Itis untawsul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamie Classroom Inc. “This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 ~ PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 88 3. Draw the next term in the pattern of objects. HE pos , tH ~ ~~ for Experts Extra for Experts 4. Given the following number pattern. 3,4,5,6,7,8)6. 10 \2 a, What is the 8th term? b, What is the 10th term? 5, Find the next term in each number pattern, a. 3,4,6,9, 13, 18, 2 Hy: 6, Find the unknown term in the following number pattem. 3,5.5, 2, 10.5, 13 6 7. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth terms in a pattern are shown below, What is the first term in the pattern? hee soon HT, 16, 21, 2 8.4 n:of'[Link] shown:below. What is the eighth term in the pattem? : 5,558,6,65,..7, 7S, 8 (8 It ie unlawtul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission irom Dynamic Classroom Inc “This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All ights reserved.SEFGSCTETFSFTTTSCE SSeS See See See NN Ne eee eT Tee Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3- PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS: 9. Given the number square below, describe the following relationships. c. \ [snl 2] 30 33 36 39 42 45 ‘The sums of the 2 diagonals b. The sums of numbers in pairs of rows above fr. cach other fie 4 5) 24 ag! ihe Nos 2 ? ‘The sums of numbers in pairs of Pairs of numbers that follow each other in columns beside each other each of the columns % id It is unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc This guide is licensed to tho end user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved. 89Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 "ATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 90 2. Tables of Values and Ordered Pairs Relationships between pairs of numbers ean be shown using ordered pairs, tables, and graphs. Ordered Pair Relationships (F, 8) is an example of an ordered pair, where r always represents the first number in the relationship and s the second, Ordered pairs belonging to the same set have the same relationship between each of the first and second numbers in the pairs, Order Pair Ordered Pairs belonging to the same set (r,s) C1, 3Q 20, 60) 25, 75) 46 4 a roy st mo4 al roN na first. second each second number is equal to number number three times the first number Examples: 1. Q,4), G, 6), and (5, 10) is a set of ordered pairs in which the s equal to twice the value of the first number. 2. (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5) and (20, 10) is a set of ordered pairs in which the second number in each pair is equal to one half the value of the first number, nd number in each pair is Tables Showing Relationships Below are three examples of ordered pairs shown in a table, 1 row 1 | 3 {3 | 7_| The second number is 3 2"4 row 3] 9 | 15 | 21 | times the first. 1 number 5_[-8 [10 712] The second number is 4 2" number 9 [12 [14 [16 | more than the first. Number of magazines [1 [2 [3 [4 _| The costiis 2,5 times the number of Cost 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | magazines (each magazine costs $2.50). itis unlawtul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine This guide is licensed tothe end user for PERSONAL use only, Allrights reserved.OO Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 90 3.2 Tables of Values and Ordered Pairs Relationships between pairs of numbers ean be shown using ordered pairs, tables, and graphs. Ordered Pair Relationships (r, 8) is an example of an ordered pair, where r always represents the first number in the relationship and s the second, Ordered pairs belonging to the same set have the same relationship between each of the first and second numbers in the pairs, Order Pair Ordered Pairs belonging to the same set (r,s) (11,33) 20, 60) 25,75) rar 4 7 roy st mo4 sot m4 a first. second each second number is equal to number number three times the first number Examples: 1. Q,4), G, 6), and (5, 10) is a set of ordered pairs in which the s equal to twice the value of the first number. 2. (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5) and (20, 10) is a set of ordered pairs in which the second number in each pair is equal to one half the value of the first number, nd number in each pair is Tables Showing Relationships Below are three examples of ordered pairs shown in a table, 1 row 1 | 3 [5 | 7] The second number is 3 2" row 3] 9 | 15 | 21 | times the first. 1 number 5_[-8 [10 712 | The second number is 4 2" number 9 [12 [14 [16 | more than the first, Number of magazines [1 [2 [3 [4] The cost is 2.5 times the number of Cost 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | magazines (each magazine costs $2.50). itis unlawtul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only, Allrights reserved. ST a a eeSESTISIIITISE Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS gn Examples with Solutions 1. What is the missing number in each set of ordered pairs? ‘The second number is 5 more than the first, ‘The missing number is 10+ 5 = 15 b. (2,9), B, 13), (5,21), (10, ») ‘The second number is 1 more than 4 times the first, The missing number is 4 * 10+ 1 =41, 2. Find the missing numbers in the table. a _ Numbers in the 2"! row are one third of these 3 [6 [a5 [30,7 the first. 1 2 r | 20 4 a Fx 30=10 1=3*20=60 3. Describe the rule (relationship) between the first number and the second number in each set of ordered pairs. a, (10, 7.5), (8, 5.5), (4, 1.5), (1,-1.5) Rule: The second number in each ordered pair is 2.5 less than the first, b.G Ds (1, 3) (2, 6), (5, 15) Rule: The second number in each ordered pair is 3 3 times the first. 4, Describe the rule (relationship) between numbers in the first and those in the second row or column in each table, a. Rule: The second number in each ordered pair is 12725133] 7 [105] 2 times the first. " 24] 5 [66] 14] 21 | b Rule: The second number in cach ordered pair is 2 7 | more than 3 times the first. 5_| 16 [7 | 22 10 | 31 1237 [tis unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission trom Dynamic Classroom Inc. ‘This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 92 Exercises 3.2 1, Find the missing value in each set of ordered pairs. a 3,3), 1), (1-1), 0.2) b.(1, 4), (2, 5.4, 7) (5, 8), 6 2) €, (30, 15), (22, 11), (10, 5), (2, 3) . (0.5, 2), (UL, 2.5), (1.5, 3), 2) 2, Find the missing value(s) in each table, a b. 275 lo} 5 4 r 4 7 3 z 0 s 6 9 r 15. 15 [os | c. a. 60 [30 13 9 5 r ol 15 5 wf« [2 ]o[s 6 [2 r {4 1 s 3. Describe the rule between the numbers in each ordered pair. a. (5, 3), (3, 1), (1, -1), (0, -2) b. (12, 6), (8, 4), (4, 2), (2, 1) e. (1,7), (3. 11), G, 15), (10, 25) d. (12, 8), (10, 6), (5, 1), (2, -2) It is unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine. ‘This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only, Allrights reserved, > i 2. a a ae a. Oe a a a a a a a a ea a eeGrade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 4. Describe the rule between pairs of numbers in each table. a. b, 2] 20 [22 16 | 24 itis unlawful to photocopy o” roprodluce content without permission trom Dynamic Classroom Ine, This guide is Ucenssed to the end user lor PERSONAL use only. All ights reserved. 93Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 ~ PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS. 94 3.3 Graphs and Linear Relations Graphing Ordered Pairs (points in a plane) Ordered pairs of numbers can be used to describe locations in a coordinate plane, Each ordered pair consists of the coordinates of a point in a plane, The first number of each pair corresponds to the column line, This is called the x-value, The second number of each pair is the row line. This is called the y-value. For example, the following point “A” has an ordered pair that tells us its location, A (2,7) TT vertical line horizontal line orvevalue or y-value Example: Points with the following coordinates are graphed below: R (3, 6), S (8,2) M (7,7) | ° y-values R Crist I ax-values Grap! s of Points with Common Rules or Relationships Next let’s look at graphing points from a table where there is a common rule or relation among the ordered pairs, Table x/i1{2/3]/475] ) is always 2 greater than x yi ]4{sfol7 (vax+2) {tis unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamis Classroom Inc, ‘This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved. lI a aie i i i ili i Ai ins Un i iGrade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 95 Table Common Rule xfiJ2q3[4qs yis always 1 less than x y Lo 2[3/4 Wex-D xf .2]3{4 yis always 2 times y2[4To[s the value of (= 2x) x [2737475 vis always I less than vy Os Tst719) 2 times the value of x (v= 2e=1) Linear Relationships Let’s take a closer look at the four graphs we just produced. Notice that a straight line joins all of the points in each graph. Since a straight line goes through each of the ordered pairs, cach of these is called a linear relationship. ‘Also notice that when we replace x with other values, the straight-line relationship still holds true. 15, 2, The ordered pair (5 3) is also located on the same Example: For )’=x-+2, when. = straight line. {tis unlawtut 10 photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc. “This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use oniy. Al righks reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 ~ PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS. Graphing a Linear Relation To graph a linear relation, use the following steps: (i) Find the rule, Gi) Set up a table with values for x and y. (iii) Graph at least three of the ordered pairs (only two ordered pairs will determine the line, but if you graph a third point it will act as a check to make sure it is the correct line). (iv) Draw the line that joins the points Examples: 1. Graphy= 3, (i) Rule is 2 less than 3 times x (ii) Table x[i[2[4 y 1/4 fio iv) Graph points and line 2, Graph y= -2x +8, (i) Rule (i) Table x (iii), Gv) Graph points and tis untavitul 10 photocopy or reproduce content without permission fram Dynamie Classroom Ine This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved.SR Rae He RE es en RA Le Nie OD CM ATE Ne ENE OM Resa Reem ak 2 » i @ Exercises 3.3 . 1. What are the coordinates of points A, B, C, and D that are graphed below? = = = = 2 ay - | =A B I 2 ¢ 2 0 2 a AC. ) b. BC ) ee Cf , ) d DC . ) 2. Graph each of the following points on the grid below: R (3, 3), S (1, 7), T (7, 1), U (6, 6). IT itis unvawtul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc ‘This quide is licensed to the ond user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved.ir MARS rs Io NE HE ME SRN: SURED EOE Rin STN SSW Oa RS TORN Sat » . @ —_ Exercises 3.3 5 1. What are the coordinates of points A, B, C, and D that are graphed below? = = = 2 2 49 t > | 2 B 2 t 0 » ) b. BC ) 2 CC, apo. ) 2. Graph each of the following points on the grid below: R (3, 3), S (1, 7), T (7, 1), U (6, 6). itis unvawtul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc ‘This quide is licensed to the ond user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 9 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS. 3. Graph each of the follow ins on the grid provided. linear rela a yaxtl b {tis unlawtul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine. “This quide is fcensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved, 98 .Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 6 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 99 4. A groph showing the relationship between the cost of a long-distance telephone call to Europe and time for the call is shown below. Cost of Long Distance Calls to Europe $1.08 $0.90 Cost in $0.72 Dollars S054 $0.36 sos [| —L or 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 9 Number of Minutes a. [fit cost $0.18 for one minute, how much b. How much would @ 6-mii would a 4-minute call cost? ue call cost? c. How much would a2-minute call cost? dt this rate, how much do you think 9 one- hour call would cost? 's untawful to photocopy or repracice content without permission from Dynami Classroom inc. ‘This quide is licensedto the end user for PERSONAL use only, All rights reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 ~ PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 100 EXTRA PRACTICE — CHAPTER 3 ] Oral and Written Patt 1. Describe the relationship between the terms in each pattern, a. 21,17, 13,9,.. b, 2,5, 11, 23, 47, 95, & $3,9,27,81, d. 1.5,3,4.5,6, 7. 2, Find the next term in each number pattern, 25, 23,21, 19,9 b. $,27,29.5,? 2,7, 18, 40, 84, ? 41,4, 13,40, 121,27 Draw the next term in each pattern of objects. “OG TL0 10" “HIGH &? 4, Given the following number pattem. 2,5,8, 11, 14, a. What is the 6" term? b. Whatis the 9" term? Find the unknown term in the follow 5,3.5, 2, ng number pattern, 6. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh terms in a pattern are shown below, What is the third term in the pattern? 12,25, $1, 103 [11 unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine. ‘This quide Is lensed to the end use: for PERSONAL. use only, Allrights reserved. "RAZZ ARARARALALZALRAARABRARARARARBBABAARARARARAARAEGrade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3- PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS, 101 Ordered Pairs and Tables 7. Find the missing valve in each set of ordered pairs. a. (1, 6), 3, 8),(10, 15), (0, 2) b. (8, 4), (6, 3), (14, 7), (18, 9), (70, 2) e. (15,3), (4.5, 9), (8, 16), (2, 19) i. (6.5, 8), (9, 10.5), (11-5, 13), (2, 2) 8, Find the missing value(s) in cach table, a b, ‘. a 80 25[2 74] r [-l 16 75) 6 1214.5] 5 8 r 1 9. Describe the rule between the numbers in each ordered pair. a. (9,4), (11,6), (15, 10), (0, -) b. 5,3), 1), (1,1), @, -2) ©. (4,2), (6, 3), (16, 8), . (3, 9), (5, 13), (6, 15), (7, 17) Ris unlavrul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom ine. ‘This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All ights reservedGrade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3~ PATTERNS. VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 10. Describe the rule between the numbers in each table. b, 3 [6 | 10 [15 | 22 5 15 [22 15 [18 | 30 [45 | 66 25[ 4 | 6 [7s] inates of points A, B, C, and D that are graphed on the grid below? wAC , ) Co a) eo Cf % ) I | 1 apo, ) *e J cet 0 12. Graph each of the following points on the grid below. T (5,5), U 2,8), W(1, 7.28, D {tis untawstul to photocopy or reproduce content without permission Irom Dynamic Classroom inc, “This guide is lcensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only, Allrights reserved. 102Grade 7 Mathematics: CHAPTER 9 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 103 13. Describe the rule, in terms of x and y, for the pairs of numbers in each table below. a x [3 F115 J21 F30 y C8 La [as [24] 33) b. ye x [5376 pots y Liz [8 [14 [22 [32 ©. x [aofis [2 [2 [32 y [iol 9 [6 [16 | 26 14. Graph each relation on the grid provided. a yax LI i [ Itis untaystul 1 photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine. “This guide is liconced to the ond user for PERSONAL use only. All ights reserved.PESTS ESC SSSCSC CSTE EC CCC SSC CESS eveeeveveeeeeveses Grade 7 Mathomatics CHAPTER 3 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 105 CHAPTER 3 TEST 1, What is the next number in each pattern’? a. 31, 34,37, 40, b. 23, 19, 15, 11,? co 4,8, 16, 32,2 d, 1,6, 11, 16, 21,2 2. The following ordered pairs of numbers have a common relationship or pattern. Find cach unknown a. (2, 6), (5,9), (7, 11), 20, 2) b. (1,6), (3, 8), (7. 12), (22, 27), (2, 40) e. (1,3), (2, 6), (4, 12), (6, 2) d. (2,4), B, 6), (5, 10), (2, 20) 3. Given the following number pattern, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, us a, What is the 6" term? b. What is the 7" term? 4, The third, fourth, fifth and sixth, terms in a pattern are shown below. What is the first term in the pattem? 6, 12,24, 48 5. Find the missing value(s) in the table, a a |. 10 [19 eC 5 [os {tis untawsful to photocopy er reproduce content without permission irom Dynamic Classroom inc. “This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All ights reserved.Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 106 6. Describe the rule between the numbers in each ordered pair. (7, 1), UL, 8), (15, 9), (25-4) 7. Describe the rule between corresponding numbers in the table. [2,1 [7 [nye 8 48 4 [as [44 8, What are the coordinates of points R, S, T, and U which are graphed on the grid below? I “ST aR( . ) sy | BSC, ) we oT, ) RK | dUC , ) } Ol 0 Itie unlawful to photocopy or raprockice cantent without permission from Dynamic Classroom Ine This guide is icerisedto the end user lor PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved. CEEALTLLAELALALALARLAEAARALARARARARARAARARARAAALGrade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS 10, Describe the rule, in terms of x and y, for pairs of numbers in the table, x [2 [476 [n{5] ye y Le | 12 [18 [33 [45 | 11, Graph the relation on the grid provided itis unlawful to photocopy ot reproduce content wahout permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc. “This guide is lensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. Allrights reserved. 107Grade 7 Mathematics CHAPTER 3 - PATTERNS, VARIABLES, AND EQUATIONS. 108 CONGRATULATIONS! YOU HAVE JUST aA A COMPLETED «| CHAPTER 3! i. You should now be able to do the following: e Recognize and describe patterns e Find patterns in ordered pairs e Graph ordered pairs e Graph linear relations You are almost halfway through the book! CUBARALALAARALALARARARADARABARATAEAAAaeAaAeeaeass