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Subject Name: Microwave Engineering & Antenna Theory

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Subject Code: BEC701

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Course Coordinator:

Guruprasad K N

Assistant Professor

Dept. of E&C, ATME

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Module 2

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Microwave Network Theory

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Microwave Passive Devices
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 Module 2: Chapter 1

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• Introduction
Microwave

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• Symmetrical Z and Y-Parameters
Network

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for Reciprocal Networks
Theory • S matrix representation of
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Guruprasad KN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of E&C, ATME CE, Mysuru

 Suggested Reading

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Text 1: “Microwave Engineering” -

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Annapurna Das, Sisir K Das, TMH Publication, 2nd Edition,

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2010,

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Text 1:
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Sections: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

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❑ Introduction :

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Impedance Z-parameter :

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Admittance Y-parameter :

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Hybrid h-parameter :

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ABCD parameter :

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Reciprocal Network:

A reciprocal network is one in which the transmission of a signal between any two

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ports does not depend on direction of propagation i.e. input and output ports are
interchangeable.
(Eg: Scattering Parameter S21 = S12, S13 = S31)

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Symmetrical Z and Y-Parameters for Reciprocal Networks:

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S matrix representation of Multi-Port Networks:

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Properties of S Matrix:

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Guruprasad KN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of E&C, ATME CE, Mysuru

 Module 2: Chapter 2

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• Introduction

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Microwave • Coaxial Connectors and Adapters

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Passive • Attenuators

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• Phase Shifters
Devices • Waveguide Tees
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Guruprasad KN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of E&C, ATME CE, Mysuru

 Suggested Reading

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Text 1: “Microwave Engineering” -

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Annapurna Das, Sisir K Das, TMH Publication, 2nd Edition,

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2010,

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Text 1:
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Sections: 6.4.2, 6.4.14, 6.4.15, 6.4.16

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1. APC 3.5 (Amphenol Precession Connector – 3.5 mm)

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2. APC 7 - (Amphenol Precession Connector – 7 mm)
3. BNC (Bayonet Navy Connector)

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4. SMA (Sub-Miniature A type)

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5. SMC (Sub-Miniature C type)
6. TNC (Threaded Navy Connector)
7. Type N (Type – Navy) Connector

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There are two types of attenuators:

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1. Fixed Attenuator

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2. Variable Attenuator
• Movable vane variable attenuator
• Flap attenuator
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❖ Precision type variable attenuator
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 Fixed Attenuator

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 Variable Attenuator
• Movable vane variable attenuator

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 • Flap attenuator

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 ❖ Precision type variable attenuator

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PHASE SHIFTERS

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 A microwave phase shifter is a two port device which produces a variable shift in phase
of the incoming microwave signal. A lossless dielectric slab when placed inside the
rectangular waveguide as shown in figure 5. I1, produces a phase shift.

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In fact, a differential phase change is produced due to the change of wave velocity
(group velocity) through the dielectric slab compared to that through the empty space

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inside the waveguide. Two ports are matched reducing the reflections of the wave from
the dielectric slab tapered at both ends as shown in figure 5.11.

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 PRECISION PHASE SHIFTER

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Let Ei be the maximum electric field strength of the mode which is resolved into two
components, E1 parallel to the plate and E2 perpendicular to E1, as shown in figure
5.12 (b).

Guruprasad KN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of E&C, ATME CE, Mysuru

 After propagation through the plate these components are given by,

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 At the output end of this quarterwave plate, the field components parallel and
perpendicular to the quarter wave plate, by referring to figure 5.12 (d), can be expressed
as

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WAVEGUIDE TEES

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A combination of these two junction tee junctions is also possible. It is called "E-H

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plane tee junction” or "Hybrid-Tee Junction". A special case of this junction is
called "MAGIC-TEE"
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Applications of Magic-Tee:

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 1. E-H tuner for impedance matching

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 2. Magic-tee used as balanced mixer

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 Circulators
A circulator is a multiport junction in which the wave can travel from one port to the
next port in one direction only.

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Three-port & Four-port circulators are commonly used.

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 Four- port Circulator
A four-port circulator can be constructed from two magic Tees and a non-reciprocal
180 degree phase shifter.

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 Operation:
• Input at port 1: An input at port 1 is split into two in-phase and equal
amplitude waves in the collinear arms ‘b’ and ‘d’ of the magic-tee T1 and added

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up to emerge from Port 2 in the magic-tee T2.
• Input at port 2: A signal at port 2 will split into two equal amplitude and
equiphase waves in the collinear arms of the magic-tee T2 and appears at point

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‘b’ and ‘d’ out of phase due to presence of non-reciprocal 180 degree phase

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shifter. These out of phase waves add up and appear from port 3 in the magic
tee T1.

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Similarly,
• An input signal at port 3 will emerge from port 4, and
• An input at port 4 will appear at Port 1.
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Thus the circulator property is exhibited.

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 A perfectly matched, lossless, and non-reciprocal four-port circulator has S-matrix:

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 Three- port Circulator

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Isolators

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 Isolators

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 Faraday Rotation Isolators

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Guruprasad KN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of E&C, ATME CE, Mysuru

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Thank You

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Guruprasad KN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of E&C, ATME CE, Mysuru