PYTHON MODULES
By: Samiksha
DEFINITION
1.A module in python is a file containing python code - definitions of functions, classes and
variables, and even executable code.
[Link] help organize and reuse code efficiently by splitting large programs into smaller,
manageable parts.
3.A module can be:
A built - in module (like math, os, sys, etc.)
A user defined module (a .py file created by you)
A third - party module (installed using pip, like requests, numpy)
TYPES
math NumPy (numerical)
pandas (data analysis)
datetime USER- Flask/Django (web dev)
os BUILT - IN EXTERNAL SciPy (scientific and technical
DEFINED
sys computing)
random Seaborn (data visualization)
a .py file created by you
No installation needed installation needed using pip install library_name
HOW TO IMPORT MODULES
You can import modules in several ways:
Method Example Description
import module_name Imports the entire module.
import math
import module_name as
Import with an abbreviation.
abbreviation import numpy as np
from module_name import function from math import sqrt Import specific items.
BUILT-IN MODULE
import math:
This imports Python's built-in math module, which provides access to mathematical functions like
square roots, trigonometry, logarithms, etc.
OUTPUT:
USER-DEFINED MODULE
You created 2 functions:
→
say_hello(name) prints Hello, [name]!
→
say_bye(name) prints Bye, [name]!
These functions don’t run by themselves. You will use them in another file.
You used import mymodule to bring in the other file.
Then you called the functions using:
→
mymodule.say_hello('World') prints Hello, World!
→
mymodule.say_bye('World') prints Bye, World!
OUTPUT:
EXTERNAL MODULE
from cs50 import get_string
is used in Python programs that rely on the CS50 library — a library developed for
the Harvard CS50 course.
OUTPUT:
EXAMPLE
OUTPUT:
MODULE SEARCH PATH
[Link] you use import module_name, Python needs to find that module on your
computer.
[Link] searches for the module in a few specific loctions, in this order:
The current folder (where your program is saved).
The folders listed in an environment variable called PYTHONPATH.
The standard Python library folders.
The folders where installed packages are kept (site - packages).
EXAMPLE
→
• import sys imports Python’s sys module, which gives access to system-related info.
→
• [Link] is a list of folders where Python looks for modules when you use import.
→
• print([Link]) prints that list.
OUTPUT:
This list shows all the places Python looks when you try to
import something.
If your module is not in one of these folders, Python will give an
error:
ModuleNotFoundError
RELOADING A MODULE
If you change the code inside a module (like adding or editing a function) while python is still
running, Python will automatically reload the updated version.
Reloading is like refreshing your module - Python reads the updated file again so your new
code works immediately.
OUTPUT:
PYTHON PACKAGES
DEFINITION
A Python package is essentially a directory containing one or more Python modules
(.py files) and, crucially, a special file named __init__.py.
The presence of the __init__.py file (even if empty) signals to Python that the
directory should be treated as a package, allowing its modules and sub-packages to
be imported.
EXAMPLE
__init__.py - This file tells Python: "This is a package"
[Link] - A module inside the package
[Link] - Another module
SYNTAX:
Specific functions or classes from a module can be imported directly:
PROGRAM
[Link]
[Link]
__init__.py
[Link]
Output:
THANK YOU