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Simple Data
● In Data Interpretation (DI), you have to interpret or inferred data given in the graph(s) to
answer questions given below that.
● To solve Data Interpretation questions, you need to be good in calculation & approximation
as well as in arithmetic. Many questions of Data Interpretation check your ability to compare
or calculate fractions, compare ratios, find averages and calculate percentages.
● In many Data Interpretation questions, you need not calculate the actual value, rather by
only observation you can answer the questions and save time but for that, you should have
good knowledge of graphs, calculations and arithmetic.
Direction: Following data shows the number of people (in thousand) from different age group who likes 7
different kinds of music in a city.
Q. 1 Which kind of music people like most?
Solution:
Classic
Pop
Rock (maximum)
Blues
Q. 2 People from which age group like hip-hop the most?
Solution:
15-20 9 thousand
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21-30 3 thousand
>30 4 thousand
Q. 3 The ratio of number of people who like Rock to that who likes Jazz is:
Solution:
Required ratio
Q. 4 What is the average number of people from an age group who likes classical?
Solution:
Required average
Q. 5 What percent of people from age group 21-30 likes pop or hip-hop or blues?
Solution:
Required percent
Direction: Answer the questions based on the given line graph.
Ratio of Exports to Imports (in terms of money in Rs. crores) of Two Companies Over the Years
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Q.1 In how many of the given years were the exports more than the imports for Company A?
Solution:
The exports are more than imports in those years for which the exports to imports ratio are more than 1.
Export/Import>1 So Export>Import For Company A, such years are 1995, 1996 and 1997
Thus, during these 3 years, the exports are more than the imports for Company A
Q.2 If the imports of Company A in 1997 were increased by 40 percent, what would be the ratio of
exports to the increased imports?
Solution:
Let ratio of exports to imports for company A in 1997 is
Increased imports
Required ratio
Q.3 If the exports of Company A in 1998 were Rs. 237 crores, what was the amount of imports in that
year?
Solution:
Let the amount of imports of Company A in 1998 be Rs. crores.
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Then,
Q.4 In 1995, the export of Company A was double that of Company B. If the imports of Company A
during the year was Rs. 180 crores, what was the approximate amount of imports pf Company B
during that year?
Solution:
Exports of company A in 1995
Exports of A = 2 Exports of B
Exports of company B = 315/2 = 157.5
For company B in 1995,
Q.5 In which year(s) was the difference between imports and exports of Company B the maximum?
Solution:
Since the imports or exports for various years are not known, the differences between and exports for
various years cannot be determined.
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Percentages Part-1
Direction: Study the following information carefully and answer the related questions.
Pie-chart shows the percentage of valid votes obtained by seven candidates of a college who were
nominated for the post of college secretary.
Total votes = 5000
It is given that 7% of votes are invalid.
Q.1 Valid votes obtained by A, E and F together is how much more than the valid votes
obtained by the remaining four candidates?
Solution:
Total valid votes =
Votes of A = 744
Votes of B = 1023
Votes of C = 186
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Votes of D = 558
Votes of E = 837
Votes of F = 930
Votes of G = 372
Votes obtained by A, E and F together = 744 + 837 + 930 = 2511
Valid votes obtained by remaining four candidates = 1023 + 186 + 558 + 372 = 2139
Difference = 2511 – 2139 = 372
Hence, votes obtained by A, E and F are 372 more than votes obtained by the remaining four
candidates.
Q.2 The sum of the difference between valid votes obtained by candidates who got the highest
and lowest number of votes and the difference between valid votes obtained by candidates
who got the second highest and second-lowest number of votes is what percent of total votes?
Solution:
Difference between valid votes obtained by candidates who got highest and lowest number of votes
= 1023 – 186 = 837
Difference between valid votes obtained by candidates who got second highest and second lowest
number of votes = 930 – 372 = 558
Sum = 837 + 558 = 1395
Percentage =
Q.3 93 votes of F are shifted to whom so that the votes of F and that candidate become equal?
Solution:
Total No. of Valid Votes = (93/100)×5000 = 4650
A's share of votes = (16/100)×4650 = 744
B's share of votes = (22/100)×4650 = 1023
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C's share of votes = (4/100)×4650 = 186
D's share of votes = (12/100)×4650 = 558
E's share of votes = (18/100)×4650 = 837
F's share of votes = (20/100)×4650 = 930
G's share of votes = (8/100)×4650 = 372
So by observation, we can say that,
If 93 votes of F are shifted to A then the votes of A and F will become equal, so that
also;
930 93
= 744
So, A is that candidate.
Q.4 If 50 votes are reduced from the votes of each candidate, then find the ratio of remaining
votes for D and F together to the remaining votes for A and E together?
Solution:
New votes after reducing 50 vote each:
A = 744 – 50 = 694
D = 558 – 50 = 508
E = 837 – 50 = 787
F = 930 – 50 = 880
Ratio =
Q.5 The average of votes obtained by B, D, E, F and G together is what percent (approx.) of
total votes?
Solution:
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Average of votes obtained by B, D, E, F and G together =
Percentage =
Direction: Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions given beside.
The following chart shows the percentage of infected people by epidemic 'SARS'
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Q. 1 What was the approximate average of infected men, infected women and infected
children in 2014?
Solution:
Required average
Q.2 The number of infected men in the year 2013 was what percent to the men not suffering
from SARS in the same year?
Solution:
Required percentage
Q.3 What was the ratio of the infected women in 2014 to the infected men in the year 2016?
Solution:
Required ratio
Q.4 What is the difference between the number of infected women and infected children
together in the year 2017 and the number of infected men in the same year?
Solution:
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Reqd. difference
Q. 5 What is the percent of non-infected women in 2012 to non-infected men in 2015?
Solution:
% of non-infected women = 100 – 30 = 70%
% of non-infected men = 100 – 35 = 65%
Required percentage
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Direction: Study the below table & answer the following question –
Note 1 : Each game has two blank places, Remaining points are equally distributed in these empty
spaces.
Note 2 :Maximum score a player can score in a game is 100.
Q.1 What is the percentage contribution of harsh in total point scored in the four matches?
Solution:
20.3% ( Runs scored by harsh in game-1 is
=> X + 78 + X + 67 + 91 = 366;
=> 2X = 366 - 236 = 130 ;
=> X = 65;
Runs scored by harsh in game-3 is
=> X + X + 100 + 87 + 67 = 414;
=> 2X = 414 - 254 = 160;
=> X = 80;
% contribution of harsh:
=> (65 + 98 + 80 + 63)/( 366 + 405 + 414 + 321) x 100
=> (306)/(1506) x 100 = 20.3% )
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Q.2 If a new player were introduced named as Rohan, and rohan's points is 81.6 % of
vihaan's points. Then what will be the total points of rohan?
Solution:
250 ( Vihaan's total points = 67 + 78 + 87 + 74 = 306;
according to question;
rohan's points is 81.6 % of vihaan's point;
81.6 % of vihaan's points = 81.6 x 306/100 = 250;)
Q.3 If we have to rank the players according to their performance. Then which players will
get 2nd and 4th rank?
Solution:
vihaan, naman
( Total points of harsh = 306;
total points of gautam => 78 + 89 + 80 + 64 = 311;
total points of naman =>
points in game -1 => 65 + 78 + X + 67+ 91 = 366 ;
X = 366 - 301 = 65;
points in game-2 => 98 + 89 + X + 78 + X = 405;
2X = 405 - 265 = 140 ;
X = 70;
points in game-3 => 100;
points in game-4 => 63 + 64 + X + 74 + X = 321;
2X = 120;
X = 60;
Total points of naman = 65 + 70 + 100 + 60 = 295;
total points of vihaan = 306;
total points of abhishek => 91 + 65 + 67 + 65 = 288;
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ranking -
1. gautam
2. vihaan
2. harsh
4. naman
5. abhishek
So, rank of both Vihaan and Harsh is 2nd and rank of Naman is 4th.
But in the given options, only Vihaan and Naman is given but Harsh and Naman is not given.
∴ Answer will be Vihaan and Naman.
Q.4 What will be the difference of the aggregate percentage points of Vihaan and Abhishek?
Solution:
4.5% ( total points of Vihaan = 306
% of Vihaan = 306 /400 x 100 = 76.5%
total points of Abhishek = 288
% of Abhishek = 288 /400 x 100 = 72%
difference is 76.5 - 72 = 4.5%;)
Q.5 If two new players named as Anuj and Paras are introduced. Aggregate percentage
points of Anuj is 4 percentage point more than that of the Harsh and aggregate percentage
points of Paras is 10.5 percentage point less than that of Naman. So, what will be the points
scored by Anuj and paras respectively?
Solution:
322, 253(harsh's total points = 306
% of harsh = 306/400 x 100 = 76.5 %
according to question;
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anuj has 4% more points than harsh
anuj's % = 76.5 + 4 = 80.5%;
anuj's points = 80.5 x 400/100 = 322 points;
Now, paras has 10.5% less points than naman;
total points of naman = 295;
% of naman = 295 x 100 /400 = 73.75%
paras's % = 73.75 - 10.5 = 63.25%
paras points = 63.25 x 400/100 = 253 points;)
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Discount
Marked Price and Discount Concept:
To sell an item, the seller usually marks the price of the item above the cost price usually some
percent (m%) of the cost price. While selling, he offers some discount, usually some percent
(d%) of the marked price.
m% d%
CP MP SP
p%
Here, m% = Marked up percent, d% = Discount percent and p% = Profit percent
𝑝 𝑑
a. SP = CP (1 + ) = MP (1 – 100)
100
𝑚×𝑑
b. [m – d – ]=p
100
Note: When, discount is not offered, then d% = 0%
Similarly, when price of the item is marked at its cost price, then m% = 0%.
Ex: A shopkeeper sold an article at 19% discount on marked price and earned a 17% profit. If
cost price is Rs. 360, then find the marked price of the article.
𝑝 𝑑
Sol: We know that, CP (1 + 100) = MP (1 – 100)
17 19
360 (1 + 100) = MP (1 – 100)
117 81
⇒ 360 × 100 = MP × 100
⇒ MP = 520.
Hence, the marked price of the article = MP = Rs. 520.
Equivalent discount Concept:
When an article is sold and more than 1 discount are given, then we are asked to calculate the
equivalent discount.
Let an article is sold and two discount d1% and d2% are given, then
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𝑑1 × 𝑑2
The percentage equivalent discount = [d1 – d2 – ]%
100
Ex: A shopkeeper sells an article at 25% discount. On cash payment, he gives another discount
of 10%. If a customer buys an article. If pays in cash, then what is his effective percentage
discount?
𝑑1 × 𝑑2
Sol: We know that, the equivalent discount = [d1 – d2 – ]%
100
25 × 10
= [25 – 10 – ]% = (15 – 2.5)% = 12.5%
100
Exercise:
1. A shopkeeper marks up his wares by 80% and offers 20% discount. What will be the selling
price (in Rs) if the cost price is Rs 450?
2. The discount offered on a Shirt of Rs 500 and a Trousers of Rs 1000 is 20% and 40%
respectively. If Ajay bought 2 Shirts and 3 Trousers then what was the effective discount ( in %)
he received?
3. Giving two successive discounts of 25% is equal to giving one discount of ________%.
4. On a machine there is 10% trade discount on the marked price of Rs 2,50,000. But the
machine is sold at Rs 2,16,000 after giving a cash discount. How much is this cash discount (in
%)?
5. A salesman cheats 30% on weight during purchase and 15% during sell and give some
discount also. If his total profit is 17% then find the value of discount is?
Answers:
1. 648
2. 35
3. 43.75
4. 4
5. 23.5%
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Direction: Study the following table carefully and answer the questions given below:
The following table shows the monthly expenditure (in Rs. thousands) by five students on Rent,
Food, Education, Clothes and Travelling.
Q.1 What is the total monthly expenditure made by S on rent, Q on clothes and T on
travelling?
Solution:
Total monthly expenditure made by S on rent, Q on clothes and T on travelling
= (10.5+4.5+8.25) thousands = Rs. 23.25 thousand
Q.2 What is the average monthly expenditure on rent by all the students together?
Solution:
Total monthly expenditure on rent by all the students
= (15.5+18+14.5+10.5+6.5) × 1000 = 65000
Average monthly expenditure on rent by all the students
= 65000 ÷ 5 = 13000
Q.3 Which student has the lowest monthly expenditure among them in on all expenditure
together?
Solution:
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Total monthly expenditure by P
= (15.5+8.5+7.5+3.5+4.75) = 39.75 thousands
Total monthly expenditure by Q
= (18+9.75+9.5+4.5+6.5) = 48.25 thousands
Total monthly expenditure by R
= (14.5+12.5+13.75+7.5+10.25) = 58.5 thousands
Total monthly expenditure by S
= (10.5+22.5+10.25+9.5+9.5) = 62.25 thousands
Total monthly expenditure by T
= (6.5+12+12.5+4.5+8.25) = 43.75 thousands
So, the lowest expenditure incurred by student P.
Q.4 If the monthly expenditure of R on education is increased by 15%, then what will be
his yearly expenditure on education?
Solution:
Increased expenditure of R on education
= 13.75 × (115/100) = 15.81 thousands
Yearly expenditure of R on education = 15.81 × 12 = 189.75 thousand
Q.5 What is the ratio of the monthly expenditure made by P on travelling to the monthly
expenditure made by S on clothes?
Solution:
From the graph,
monthly expenditure made by P on travelling = 4.75
monthly expenditure made by S on clothes
Hence, required ratio = 4.75/9.5 = 1 : 2
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Direction: Study the following table and answer the questions based on it.
Given below are the details about the Expenditures of XYZ Company (in Lakh Rupees) per
Annum Over the given Years.
Q.1 The ratio between the total expenditure on Taxes for all the years to the total
expenditure on Transport for all the years respectively is:
Solution:
Required ratio =
Q.2 Total expenditure on all these items in 1998 was approximately what percent of the
total expenditure in 2002?
Solution:
Reqd. percentage =
Q.3 What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay during
this period (in Rs.)?
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Solution:
The average amount of interest paid by the Company during the given period =
lakhs
Q.4 The total amount of bonus paid by the company during all the given years is
approximately what percent of the total amount of salary paid during all the given years?
Solution:
Required percentage =
Q.5 The total expenditure of the company over these items during the year 2000 is?
Solution:
Total expenditure of the Company during 2000 = Rs. (324 + 101 + 3.84 + 41.6 + 74) lakhs
= Rs. 544.44 lakhs.
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