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Reaction Rate Analysis and Mechanisms

The document discusses the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide and the reaction between 1-chloro-1-phenylethane and hydroxide ions, focusing on determining the order of reaction, writing rate equations, and calculating rate constants. It also addresses the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism and how temperature affects reaction rates. Various experimental setups and data interpretation are outlined for studying these chemical reactions.

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6 views2 pages

Reaction Rate Analysis and Mechanisms

The document discusses the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide and the reaction between 1-chloro-1-phenylethane and hydroxide ions, focusing on determining the order of reaction, writing rate equations, and calculating rate constants. It also addresses the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism and how temperature affects reaction rates. Various experimental setups and data interpretation are outlined for studying these chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

techbelie40
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. The oxidation of nitrogen monoxide occurs readily according to the following equation.

2NO (g) + O2 (g) ⎯→ 2NO2 (g)

The following table shows how the initial rate of this reaction depends on the
concentrations of the two reactants.

(a) (i) Use the data to determine the order of reaction with respect to each of the
reagents.
(ii) Write the rate equation for the reaction, and use it to calculate a value for the rate
constant, k, stating its units.
(iii) Use your rate equation in (ii) to calculate the rate of reaction when

[NO] = [O2] = 0.0025moldm–3


[6]

(b) The following table shows how the initial rate of this reaction varies with different
concentrations of reactants.

(i) Use these data to determine the order of reaction with respect to each reagent, and
write the rate equation for the reaction.
There are three possible mechanisms for this reaction, which are described below.

(ii) Deduce which of these three mechanisms is consistent with the rate equation you
suggested in part (i). Explain your answer.
[6]
(c) Use the following data to deduce the orders with respect to [H 2O2] and [H+],
explaining your reasoning.

[2]
2 The reaction between 1-chloro-1-phenylethane and hydroxide ions to produce 1-
phenylethanol is:
C6H5CHClCH3 + OH– C6H5CH(OH)CH3 + Cl–
1-chloro-1-phenylethane 1-phenylethanol
The rate of this reaction can be studied by measuring the amount of hydroxide ions that
remain in solution at a given time. The reaction can effectively be stopped if the solution
is diluted with an ice-cold solvent.
(a) Describe a suitable method for studying the rate of this reaction at a temperature of
40 °C, given the following.
● a solution of 0.10 mol dm–3 1-chloro-1-phenylethane, labelled A
● a solution of 0.10 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide, labelled B
● 0.10 mol dm–3 HCl
● volumetric glassware
● ice-cold solvent
● stopclock
● access to standard laboratory equipment and chemicals
[4]
(b) The rate of this reaction was measured at different initial concentrations of the two
reagents. The table shows the results obtained.

(i) Deduce the order of reaction with respect to each of [C6H5CHClCH3] and [OH–]. Explain
your reasoning.
[2]
(ii) Write the rate equation for this reaction, stating the units of the rate constant, k.
[1]
(iii) Calculate the relative rate for experiment 4. [1]
(c) The reaction between ClO2 and F2 is shown.

2ClO2 + F2 2ClO2F

rate = k [ClO2][F2]

(i) What is meant by the term rate-determining step?


[1]
(ii) The mechanism for this reaction has two steps. Suggest equations for the two steps
of this mechanism, stating which of the two steps is the rate-determining step.
[2]
(e) By considering the rate equation, explain why the rate increases with increasing
temperature. [1]

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