CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT

RAJORPIT

XII BS2
STUDY OF ANTACIDS

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 Certificate
 Declaration
 Acknowledgement
 Topic
 Aim
 Introduction
 Objective
 Experiment
 Conclusion
 Bibliography

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 HARIYANA VIDYA MANDIR

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify the Rajorpit Sarbajna of class XII – Science, roll
number (CBSE)
have completed the Investigatory Project work of
Chemistry entitled “Neutralizers” in the academic year
2025-2026 in partial fulfilment of Chemistry practical
examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi under my
guidance.

Teacher's Signature External Signature

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Declaration
I hereby declare that the
project work entitled
"Neutralizers" submitted to
Department of Chemistry
Hariyana Vidya Mandir
is prepared by me.

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Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those

who have supported and contributed to the successful
completion of this chemistry project on the topic of
diffusion.

I extend my heartfelt thanks to my teacher,Anirban

Karmakar, for providing valuable guidance. insightful
feedback, and continuous encouragement throughout the
research process. Your expertise has been instrumental in
shaping the direction and focus of this project

I am also thankful to my classmates and fellow researchers

who actively participated in discussions, shared resources,
and offered assistance when needed. Your collaborative
spirit has enriched the overall quality of this study.

Lastly, I would like to acknowledge the unwavering support

of my family and friends. Their encouragement and
understanding have been a constant source of motivation,
enabling me to navigate the challenges of this research
endeavor.

This project would not have been possible without the

collective efforts of everyone mentioned above, and for
that, I am truly grateful.

Rajorpit Sarbajna

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 TOPIC

Comparative
study of
commercial
antacids

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 INTRODUCTION
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of
gastric fluid which include secretions of digestive
enzymes mucus and hydrochloric acid. The acidic
environment of the stomach make it possible for
enactive forms of digestive enzymes to be converted
into active forms (pepsinogen into pepsin) and acid is
also needed to dissolve minerals and kill bacteria that
may entered the stomach along with the food.
however excessive acid production(hyperacidity) result
in the unpleasant symptoms of heartburn and make
contribute to ulcer formation in the stomach lining.

Antacids are weak bases most commonly bicarbonate

hydroxide and carbonates that neutralizers excess
stomach acid and the alleviate symptoms of heartburn.

The general neutralization reaction is:

Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) ---> salts +
H20 + CO2

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 CHEMISTRY OF
ANTACIDS
• The chemistry of antacid action is simple-the
reduction of hydronium ion concentration by
reaction with a base stronger than water.
H3O+ + B-1  HB₁ + H O
• The extent to which the reaction proceeds in a
function of the relative strengths of water as a
base and the antacid as a base but the effect is an
increase in pH.
• Different antacids react with HCl to form
chlorides, water and carbon dioxide, neutralizing
HCl by the following chemical reactions.
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O (slow)
Mg(OH)2+2HClMgCl2+2H2O (slow/moderate)
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl₂ H O+ CO (fast)
NaHCO3 + HCl  NaCl + H2O + CO (fast)

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SOME OF THE FAMOUS
ANTACIDS
• ENO: A trusted brand for treating heartburn,
acid indigestion, and gastric discomfort
• Digene: A common antacid
• Gelusil: A common antacid
• Mucaine gel: A common antacid
• Digirest: A common antacid
• Gaviscon: A common antacid
• Dabur Pudin Hara: A common antacid
• Himalaya Gasex: A common antacid
• BIOCIL MPS syrup: A common antacid

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ACTION MECHANISM
Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer
gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the
stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the
nerves in gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to
the central nervous system. This happens when these
nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. Antacids are
commonly used to help neutralize stomach acid.
The action of antacids is based on the fact that a base
reacts with acid to form salt and water.

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 AIM

To analyses the given samples of

commercial antacids by
determining the amount of
Hydrochloric Acid they can
neutralize

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 REQUIREMENTS
Apparatus Required:
1. Burette
2. Pipette
3. Titration flask
4. Measuring flask
5. Beakers
6. Weight box
7. Fractional weights

Chemicals Required:
1. Various samples of antacids
2. Sodium Hydroxide
3. Hydrochloric Acid
4. Phenolphthalein

1. requirements for the experiment

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 PROCEDURE

1. Standardization of NaOH- First 20ml of 0.1m HCl is

taken and it is titrated with unknown concentration
solution of NaOH to find its concentration.
2. The mass of antacid is determined for analysis.
Since maximum of our antacids are tablet, so the
antacid tablet is pulverized and/or grinded with a
mortar and pestle. Not more than 0.2 g of the
pulverized commercial antacid tablet is measured in
a 250 ml Burette Erlenmeyer flask having a known
mass.
3. The antacid is prepared for analysis. 40.0 ml of
standardize O-1M HCI (stomach acid equivalent)
is pipetted into the flask and swirl.
4. A clean burette is prepared for titration. Rinse
the burette with two 3to 5 ml portions of a
standard NaOH solution. The actual molar
concentration of the NaOH is recorded.
The burette is filled with the NaOH solution and it
has been made sure that there are no air bubbles in
the burette tip. After waiting for 30 seconds, the
reading of its initial volume is taken.
5. Titration of the sample- Once the antacid solution
has cooled, the sample is titrated with the NaOH
solution to get a blue end point. The endpoint
may only take a few milliliters, depending on the

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 concentration of the antacid in the sample. When a
single drop of NaOH solution changes the sample
solution from yellow to blue, the titration is
stopped. Then the reading of the final volume of
NaOH solution in the burette is taken.
6. The titration of the same sample is repeated
for more readings
7. Similarly, the other antacids are also
analyzed. All data are recorded on the report
sheet.

Experiment setup

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 PRECAUTIONS
1. All apparatus should be clean and
washed properly.
2. Burette and pipette must be rinsed with the
respective solution to be put in them.
3. Air bubbles must be removed from the
burette and jet.
4. Last drop from the pipette should not be
removed by blowing.
5. The flask should not be rinsed with any of
the solution, which Mare being titrated.

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 OBSERVATION
Table 1: Titration of ENO using 0.1 M HCl

SL PIPETTE BURETTE TITRATE CONCORDANT

NO SOLUTION SOLUTION VALUE VOLUME

(ml) (ml) (ml)

INITIAL FINAL
1. 10 0 13.3 13.3 13.3
2. 10 13.3 26.7 13.4
3. 10 26.7 40 13.3

Table 2: Titration of Digene using 0.1 M HCl

SL PIPETTE BURETTE TITRATE CONCORDANT

NO SOLUTION SOLUTION VALUE VOLUME
(ml) (ml) (ml)
INITIAL FINAL

1. 10 0 15.4 15.4
15.4
2. 10 15.4 30.9 15.5

3. 10 30.9 46.3 15.4

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Table 3: Titration of Polycrol using 0.1 M HCl

SL PIPETTE BURETTE TITRATE CONCORDANT

NO SOLUTION
SOLUTION VALUE VOLUME
(ml)
(ml) (ml)
INITIAL FINAL

1. 10 0 8.1 8.1
8.1
2. 10 8.1 16.3 8.2

3. 10 16.3 24.4 8.1

RESULT
The antacid which requires the least amount of NaOH is the
most effective antacids. From the observations, the
effectiveness of antacids: Polycrol > ENO > Digene. Hence it
can be concluded that Polycrol is the most effective antacid.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Digital media:
1. Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]
6. [Link]

Print media:
1: comprehensive practical manual in chemistry for
class XII
2. Pradeep's new course chemistry
3. chemistry NCERT class XII

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