PYTHON FOR ENGINEERS
OEEC6205
4th Semester, B. Tech(CSE)
IGIT, Sarang
SYLLABUS
Module I
Parts of Python Programming Language, Identifiers,
Keywords, Statements and Expressions, Variables,
Operators, Precedence and Associativity, Data Types,
Indentation, Comments, Reading Input, Print Output, Type
Conversions, The type() Function and Is Operator,
Dynamic and Strongly Typed Language.
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INTRODUCTION
Python is a general purpose programming language
created by Guido Van Rossum, and released in 1991.
It works on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac,
Raspberry Pi, etc.).
It has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
It runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can
be executed as soon as it is written.
A python program can be written in a Procedural way,
a Functional way or an Object Oriented way.
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PYTHON SYNTAX
It uses new lines to complete a command, as opposed
to other programming languages which often use
semicolons or parentheses.
It relies on indentation, using whitespace, to define
scope; such as the scope of loops, functions and
classes.
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MODE OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Python is considered an interpreted language because
Python programs are executed by an interpreter.
There are two modes of writing a Python program.
(i) Interactive Mode:
Type the Python statement and the interpreter
displays the result.
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MODE OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING
(ii) Script Mode:
a) A python statement or group of python statements
are stored in a file.
b) The interpreter executes the contents of the file,
which is called a script.
c) Python scripts have names that end with .py.
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COMMENTS AND DOCUMENTATION
The three different ways of comment in Python are:
1) Single Line Comment
Single-line comments begin with the hash character
(#) and are terminated by the end of line.
Example:
# This is a single line comment in Python
2) Inline Comment
A comment is added along with the Python statement.
Example:
print("Hello Python") # This line prints Hello Python
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COMMENTS AND DOCUMENTATION
3) Multiple Line Comment
Comments spanning multiple lines have """(three
double quotes) or '''(three single quotes) on either
end.
Example:
""" This type of comment spans multiple lines. These
are mostly used for documentation of functions,
classes and modules. """
(OR)
''' This type of comment spans multiple lines. These
are mostly used for documentation of functions,
classes and modules. '''
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RULES FOR NAMING VARIABLES
1) It may consist of both alphabets and digits.
2) It should not start with a digit.
3) It should start with an alphabet.
4) No special characters are used in the variable name except
underscore ( _ ).
5) It may start with an underscore ( _ ) but, generally avoid
doing this unless writing library code for others to use.
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RULES FOR NAMING VARIABLES
6) Generally use all lowercase alphabets.
7) Keywords cannot be used.
8) Valid Examples:
sum
add_and_product
age
age45
9) Invalid Examples:
4age
add and product
rate@
percentage%
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KEYWORDS
Python has 33 keywords.
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VARIABLE
A variable is a name that refers to a value.
Assignment Operator (=): It creates a new variable and
stores the value.
Syntax:
variable_name = value
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EXAMPLES
1) String value is stored in the variable 'name'
name = 'Python'
2) Integer value is stored in the variable 'a'
a = 10
3) Float value is stored in the variable 'radius'
radius = 3.5
4) Complex value is stored in the variable 'c'
c = 10+20j
5) Boolean value is stored in the variable 'flag'
flag = True
6) None value is stored in the variable 'sum' and
afterwards any type of data can be stored.
sum = None
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DATA TYPES
The type of a variable is the type of the value it refers to.
The four basic data types in python are:
1) String
2) Number
a) Integer
b) Floating Point
c) Complex Number
3) Boolean
4) None
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STRING DATA TYPE
A group of characters are enclosed in between single
quotes (' ') or double quotes ("" "").
A Multiline string is always enclosed in between triple
quotes (""" """).
The data type is str.
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STRING DATA TYPE
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STRING DATA TYPE
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NUMBER DATA TYPE
There are three different ways to represent numbers in
Python.
They are
1. Integer (or integral) numbers
2. Floating point numbers
3. Complex numbers
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INTEGER NUMBERS
Integers are whole numbers that do not need to have a
fractional element.
All integer values, no matter how big or small are
represented by the type int.
Example:
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FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
Python represents floating point numbers using a
decimal point to separate the whole part from the
fractional part of the number.
The type used to represent a floating point number is
called float.
Example:
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COMPLEX NUMBERS
A complex number is defined by a real part and an
imaginary part.
The data type is complex.
It has the form a + bi (where i is the imaginary part
and a and b are real numbers).
Examples:
Two complex numbers can be added, subtracted,
multiplied, and divided by using arithmetic
operators.
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BOOLEAN VALUES
A Boolean type can only be one of True or False.
The data type is bool.
Examples:
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NONE VALUE
It is a special data type called NoneType, with a single
value, None.
It is used to represent null values or nothingness.
It is not the same as False, or an empty string or 0.
It is a non-value.
Examples:
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ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
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ORDER OF OPERATIONS
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ORDER OF OPERATIONS
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OUTPUT
FUNCTION
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print( ) FUNCTION
It prints any value (constant / variable / expression /
both).
Syntax-1 (one value):
print (value)
Syntax-2 (multiple values):
print (value-1, value-2,…….,value-n)
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print( ) FUNCTION
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QUESTIONS
1. Interchange 12 and 7.
2. The given five numbers are 5, 10.6, 7, 12, and 3. Then find the
sum and the average. Then print both the results with proper
prompt message.
3. Divide 10 by 3 to get the remainder, quotient, quotient (complete
division). Then print all the three results with proper prompt
message.
4. The given number is 1025. Then get the left part as 10 and the
right part as 25. Then find the square of (left part + right part).
Then print the number and the result.
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type( ) FUNCTION
This function is used to know the data type present in a
variable or data type of a constant.
Syntax: type (constant / variable)
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DATA TYPE
CONVERSION
FUNCTIONS
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int( ) FUNCTION
It converts the integer data of string and Boolean kind to
integer kind.
Syntax: int(Constant / Variable)
Example-1: Example-2:
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int( ) FUNCTION
Example-3: Example-4:
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float( ) FUNCTION
It converts the floating data of string kind to floating kind.
Syntax:
float(Floating_of_String_Kind_Value / Variable)
Example-1: Example-3:
Example-2:
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bool( ) FUNCTION
It converts any non-zero value to True and 0 to False.
Syntax: bool (value)
Examples:
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complex( ) FUNCTION
It changes two real values to a complex number format.
Syntax: complex(real_part, imaginary_part)
Example-1: Example-2:
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complex( ) FUNCTION
Example-3:
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INPUT
FUNCTION
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input( ) FUNCTION
It allows you to input an unknown value in a variable.
Syntax:
variable_name = input('Any Prompt Message')
Example-1:
Example-2:
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Program: Read a student name, roll, branch, and total marks. Then
display all.
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The program has been saved in a file called "prog2022_1.py".
Then run the script by pressing F5 or click .
Then the cursor appears in the IPython console which is given
below.
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QUESTIONS
1) Read any three numbers. Then find its sum and average.
2) Read principle, rate, and time. Then calculate simple
interest and amount.
3) Read radius of a circle. Then calculate area and
circumference.
4) Read two integers. Then swap both the integers.
5) Read an employee name, designation, age, gender, and
salary. Then display all with proper prompt message.
6) Read a distance in Kilometers. Then convert into meters and
centimeters. Then display all with proper prompt message.
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INDENTATION
Python use of indentation to mark blocks of code.
Each line of code must be indented by the same
amount to denote a block of code.
Indentation is required to indicate which block of
code or statement belongs to.
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SUITES
A collection of individual statements that makes a single code
block are called suites.
A header line followed by a suite are required for compound or
complex statements such as if, while, def, and class.
Header lines begin with a keyword, and terminate with a
colon (:) and are followed by one or more lines that make up
the suite.
Example:
# if statement is an example of suites.
x=1
if x == 1:
___print ('x has a value of 1')
else:
___print ('x does NOT have a value of 1')
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DYNAMIC AND STRONGLY TYPED LANGUAGE
In Python, types are determined automatically at runtime, not in response
to declarations in your code.
This means that you never declare variables ahead of its use.
All variables must be explicitly assigned before they can be used;
referencing unassigned variables results in errors.
Example: a = 10
VARIABLE CREATION
A variable (i.e., a), is created when the code assigns the value 10 to it.
Future assignments change the value of the already created name.
VARIABLE TYPES
A variable never has any type information or constraints associated with
it.
VARIABLE USE
When a variable appears in an expression, it is immediately replaced with
the object that it currently refers to, whatever that may be.
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