Trend Verb Noun

Tăng Increase Increase

go up upward trend
improve improvement
soar soar
develop development
rise rise

Giảm Decrease Decrease

go down Downward trend
fall Fall
decline Decline
reduce Reduction
drop drop

Biến động Fluctuate Fluctuation

Go up and down
Shift Shift

Không thay đổi, biến đổi rất Remain unchanged/stable/steady/constant Stability/steadiness

ít - Stabilize
- Experience no changes

Mức độ Tính từ Trạng từ (+ly)

Tăng nhanh significant, quick, swift, rapid significantly, quickly, swiftly, rapidly

Tăng chậm slow, gradual, steady slowly, gradually, steadily

Tăng nhiều considerable, significant, sharp, considerably, significantly, sharply,

substantial, dramatic, noticeable substantially, dramatically, noticeably

Tăng ít moderate, mild, slight, tedious moderately, mildly, slightly, tediously

elderly people = senior citizens = older adults = aged individuals

1. Đối tượng này làm sự việc gì S V O

2. Có sự việc gì trong đối tượng nào There was a/an + adj + N in S
3. Đối tượng trải qua sự việc gì

S witness/experience/undergo/see + a/an + adj + N

4. Một sự việc gì đó được chứng kiến trong đối tượng nào

A/an + adj + N was witnessed/seen/reported/ recorded in S

5. Khoảng thời gian nào, chứng kiến việc gì trong đối tượng nào
The year (of)/ The period from… to…
witnessed/experienced/underwent/ saw [a/an + adj + N ] in S

1. Elderly people = Seniors, Older adults, Senior citizens, Aged individuals,

Pensioners

elderly people = senior citizens = older adults = aged individuals

- Old people: the elderly = elderly people = senior citizens
- Young people: the young = teenagers = youngsters
- Middle aged people = people aged 40 to 60
- People in early adulthood = people who fall into 20 to 40 age

group

1. Tourists = Travelers, Visitors, Holidaymakers, Sightseers, Tour takers

2. Sales figures = Sales numbers, Sales data, Sales statistics, Revenue,

Turnover

- Sales

+ Noun: sales = turnover

+ Verb: earn = obtain = gain = make (kiếm được = đạt được = tạo

ra)

3. Household expenditure = Household spending, Household

expenses, Family expenditure, Family spending, Domestic

expenditure

- Spending

+ Noun: Spending = expenditure/ spender = consumer

 + Verb (active form): spend = use one’s money

+ Verb (passive form): be spent on = be allocated for = be used for =

be expended = be paid out for

4. Unemployment rates = Jobless rates, Unemployment figures,

Unemployment statistics, Rates of unemployment, Joblessness

- Unemployment

+ Noun: people who were unemployed = people who were jobless =

people without a job = the unemployed = the jobless

+ Noun: level(s) of unemployment = unemployment rate

5. Cars sold = Vehicles sold, Automobiles sold, Car sales, Vehicle sales,

Automobile sales

6. Students = Pupils, Learners, Scholars, Undergraduates, Graduates

7. Average temperature = Mean temperature, Typical temperature,

Usual temperature, Standard temperature, Normal temperature

8. Proportion = Share, Percentage, Fraction, Segment, Portion

9. Internet users = Online users, Web users, Internet subscribers,

Digital users, Net users = people who used the Internet

+ the population who used the Internet = people who used the Internet

= people using the Internet = people who had access to the Internet =

people accessing the Internet = Internet users

 + Verb: use = access = connected to

10. Electricity consumption = Power usage, Energy consumption

11. Water consumption = Water usage, Water intake

- Consumption

+ Noun: X consumption = X use/ the amount of X used/ consumed

+ Verb: consume = use

12. Population = Inhabitants, Residents, Citizens, Demographics,

Dwellers

- Poverty

+ Noun: Poverty rate = level of poverty = poverty level

+ Noun: poor people = the poor = people who live in poverty = people

who live under the poverty line

- Transportation

+ Noun: car ownership

+ people who have cars/ people who own a car

+ people who use cars = people driving to work = people who commute by car = people who
travel by car = car users = people with cars

The number of students in School A increased, while the remaining subjects

remained stable. (trong khi đối tượng còn lại)

= The number of male students increased, while the opposite was true for female

students. (Trong khi điều ngược lại thì đúng cho đối tượng)
 = There was an inverse relationship between the sales of Product A and Product B.

(Có mối quan hệ ngược lại giữa)

- Thống lĩnh (lead, rule, dominate, overshadow)

Product A dominated the market throughout the period.

had the highest adoption rates: mức độ sử dụng cao nhất

showed significant growth: sự tăng trưởng đáng kể

The level of satisfaction= The degree of contentment with the healthcare services, The
satisfaction rate with medical care, The approval rating of the healthcare facilities, The
satisfaction level regarding the health services, The extent of satisfaction with medical
services

Overall, it is clear that the degree of contentment with healthcare services in the United States
and United Kingdom increased, while the opposite was true for Canada.
In addition, the figure for the Netherlands remained more or less unchanged,
which had the largest share over the given period.

In 1991, Canada had the highest satisfaction level at around 55%, which

then dropped significantly to about 20% in 1998 before rising again to

approximately 45% in 2007.

The UK started at around 25% in 1991, decreased slightly to about 20% in

1998, and then increased to around 30% in 2007.

The Netherlands maintained a relatively stable satisfaction level, starting

at around 40% in 1991, slightly decreasing to about 35% in 1998, and

then remaining steady at around 40% in 2007.

The US had the lowest and most stable satisfaction level, starting at

around 10% in 1991 and gradually increasing to about 15% by 2007.

The bar chart provides information about the employment status of

people who graduated from physics and arts design department in a

certain European country.

Overall, it is clear the number of graduates choosing full-time

employment was highest while the number of students who were

unemployed was the least one. In particular, a high number of Physics

graduates found full-time employment.

In 2007, the most common destination for Physics graduates was Full-

time work, with around 35%, followed by Further study at approximately

20%. Part-time work and Unemployment were both around 10%, while

Other destinations made up less than 5%.

 In contrast, Art graduates had a different distribution of destinations. The

largest proportion went into Part-time work, at around 30%, while Full-

time work and Further study each accounted for about 25%.

Unemployment was slightly higher for Art graduates, at around 15%, and

Other destinations were similar to Physics graduates, at less than 5%.

Compare .. in terms of

Canada had the highest satisfaction level

The US had the lowest and most stable satisfaction level,

the highest category was………..

the most common destination for Physics graduates was ………
……….the largest/highest proportion of their income……..
this was higher than
This was slightly more than in Malaysia.
spent more on fish and chips than on burgers and pizza
……….. was the lowest category.

accounted for 6%
represented 34% of the total expenditure.
These figures were exactly double(*) those shown for Malaysia.

show (cho thấy) = provide information on (cung cấp thông tin về); results (kết
quả) = findings (khám phá); opinions (ý kiến) = viewpoints (ý kiến)