Class IX Session 2025-26

Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 1

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology, Section B is Chemistry and

Section C is Physics.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

Section A
1. The student were shown the slide of a nerve cell. They were asked to drawn the diagram of the nerve cell. The [1]
correct sequence of the labeling 1, 2, 3, 4 is:

a) Cilia, Nucleus, Dendrite, Cyton b) Axon, Nissl's granule, Dendrite, Cytoplasm

c) Dendron, Cyton, Nucleus, Axon d) Axon, Cytoplasm. Dendrite, Nucleus

2. The cell sap in plant cells consists of: [1]

a) water only b) water + organic substances

c) water + inorganic substances d) both (water only) and (water + inorganic

substances)
3. Match the following with the correct response: [1]

(a) Genes (i) Loss of water by plant cells

(b) Diffusion (ii) Gases

(c) Osmosis (iii) Hereditary units

(d) Plasmolysis (iv) Movement of water molecules

a) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i) b) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii) d) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)
4. Choose the wrong statement: [1]
A. The nature of the matrix differs according to the function of the tissue

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 B. Fats are stored below the skin and in between the internal organs
C. Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them
D. Cells of striated muscles are multinucleate and unbranched

a) (D) b) (B)

c) (C) d) (A)
5. Which one of the following is broad leaf weed? [1]

a) Convolvulus b) Chenopodium

c) All of these d) Amaranthus

6. Assertion (A): Meristematic tissues are growth tissues and found in the growing regions of the plant. [1]
Reason (R): According to the position of meristematic tissues they are of three types.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

7. Assertion (A): Mitochondria are called powerhouses of the cell. [1]
Reason (R): Mitochondria produce cellular energy in the form of ATP.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

8. Describe the function of bones. [2]
9. If the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, what will happen? [2]
OR
What is the functional unit of life ? Define it.
10. Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields? [2]
11. Observe the following diagram and answer the following questions: [3]

i. Identify the type of tissue mentioned in the given figure.

ii. Write any two characteristics of the type of tissue mentioned in the given figure.
iii. Where is the given tissue found in our body? What is the nature of the given tissue mentioned in the
diagram?
[3]

12.

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 Answer the following questions:
i. What is the main purpose of green manure?
ii. Name any two plants which can be used for green manure.
iii. What is the advantage of using biological manure?
13. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Animal tissue has various types of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue and of
tissue one of them is the connective tissue which consists of blood, bone, cartilage. Blood is the fluid matrix
called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet are suspended while bone form the
framework that supports the body it also anchors the muscle and supports the main organ of the body. Two bones
are connected by a ligament. cartilage is a solid matrix composed of sugar and protein.
i. Name the tissue which connects muscle to a bone. (1)
ii. Matrix of bone cells are composed of (1)
iii. Two bones are connected by ligament how muscle connects to the bone? (2)
OR
Where the cartilage is found in the human body? (2)
14. What are cell organelles? Write the names of different cell organelles. [5]
OR
i. Which process in meristematic tissue converts it to permanent tissue?
ii. Which feature of meristematic tissue helps aquatic plants to maintain buoyancy in water?
iii. Why epidermis of plants living in dry habitats is thicker?
iv. Identify the following.
a. Living component of xylem
b. Dead element of phloem
v. Which type of conducting tissues conduct water and minerals vertically?
Section B
15. Which of the two statements is true? [1]
Statement A: The temperature of the liquid becomes constant once it starts boiling.
Statement B: The pressure of air at sea level is 70 cm.

a) Both A and B are false b) Both A and B

c) Statement B d) Statement A
16. Which of the following statements is not true about H2SO4? [1]

A. It is composed of 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulphur, and 4 Oxygen atoms.

B. Its relative molecular mass is 98.
C. It is composed of one molecule of H2, one atom of S, and two molecules of O2.
D. Its relative molecular mass is 108.

a) B and C b) All of these

c) A, B and D d) C and D
17. Fermentation of grapes is an example of [1]

a) Chemical change b) Redox reaction

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 c) Reversible change d) Physical change
18. Match the following with the correct response: [1]

(a) Discovery of subatomic particles (i) Orbits

(b) Energy levels (ii) Positively charged

(c) Universal particles (iii) Electrons

(d) Canal rays (iv) Discharge tube

a) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii) b) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii) d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)
19. The number of molecules in CuSO4.5H2O bonded by H-bond is [1]

a) 5 b) 3

c) 2 d) 1
20. The temperature-time graph given alongside shows the heating curve for pure wax. [1]

What is the melting point of the substance?

a) 9°C b) 110°C

c) 15°C d) 90°C
21. Which one is a physical change? [1]

a) Mixing NH3 and HCl b) Adding NaCl to water

c) Mixing BaSO4 + NaCl d) Burning magnesium in air

22. Assertion (A): We use names and symbols as stated by IUPAC. [1]
Reason (R): Many symbols are the last letter or the last two letters of the name of the element.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

23. State the Postulates of Dalton Theory. [2]
24. The solubility of sodium chloride in water increases with rise in temperature while that of lithium carbonate [3]
decreases. Give reason.
OR
Differentiate between metals and non-metals based upon the various properties that they show.

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25. Given below is the atomic structure of an atom of element , according to Bohr's model of atom. [3]

i. What is wrong with this structure of atom?

ii. Draw a correct representation of this atom.
iii. Write the chemical formula of the chloride of this element.
26. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Matter around us exists in three different states–solid, liquid and gas. These states of matter arise due to the
variation in the characteristics of the particles of matter. Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape when
subjected to outside force. Solids may break under force but it is difficult to change their shape, so they are rigid.
the difference in various states of matter is due to the difference in the distances between the constituent
particles. Pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance, whether it will be solid, liquid or gas.

i. write the properties of solid state of matter? (1)

ii. How does solid gets converted directly into gaseous states of matter? (1)
iii. What is vaporization? (2)
OR
Give an example from which we can say that gas can directly converted into solid state of matter? (2)
27. Complete the following table. [5]

Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of Name of the atomic

Number Number Neutrons Protons Electrons Species

9 - 10 - - -

16 32 - - - Sulphur

- 24 - 12 - -

- 2 - 1 - -

- 1 0 1 0 -

OR

Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of Name of the atomic

number number neutrons protons electrons species

9 - 10 - - -

16 32 - - - Sulphur

- 24 - 12 - -

- 2 - 1 - -

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 - 1 0 1 0 -

Section C
28. The given image shows an effect of force that it can [1]

a) Change the size of the object b) Move a stationary object

c) Stop a moving object d) Change the shape of the object

29. Which of the following energy cannot be completely converted into other forms due to the transmission system? [1]

a) Nuclear energy b) Solar energy

c) Heat energy d) Mechanical energy

30. Which of the following is a false statement? [1]
A. The body can have a constant velocity and still have a varying speed.
B. The body can have zero velocity and still be accelerated.
C. The body can have a constant speed and still have varying velocity
D. The direction of the velocity of a body can change when its acceleration is constant.

a) (A) b) (B)

c) (D) d) (C)
31. Upthrust depends on: [1]

a) dipped volume of the body immersed b) density of the liquid

c) both density of the liquid and dipped d) volume of the liquid

volume of the body immersed.
32. Assertion (A): The velocity of sound in hydrogen gas is less than the velocity of sound in oxygen gas. [1]
Reason (R): The density of oxygen is more than the density of hydrogen.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

33. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 ms-1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original [2]

path with a velocity at 5 ms-1. Calculate the magnitude of change of momentum occurred in the motion of the
hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick.
34. The kinetic energy of an object of mass m moving with a velocity of 5 ms-1 is 25 J. What will be its kinetic [2]
energy when its velocity is doubled? What will be its kinetic energy when its velocity is increased to three
times?

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 OR
An engine can pump 30,000 litres of water a vertical height of 45 metres in 10 minutes. Calculate the work done by
the machine and its power. [g = 9.8 m/s2; Density of water = 103kg/m3, 1000 litre = 1 m3].
35. The graph given below shows the positions of a body at different times. Calculate the speed of the body as it [3]
moves from
i. A to B
ii. B to C
iii. C to D

36. Observe the given figure and answer the following questions: [3]

i. Identify the characteristics of the two graphs as shown above in the given figure.
ii. What is the relationship between the velocity of sound, its wavelength, and frequency?
iii. What is the term for the magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium on either side of the mean
value?
iv. Give the unit of frequency?
37. The velocity-time graph of an object of mass m = 50 g is shown in the figure. Observe the graph carefully and [3]
answer the following questions.
i. Calculate the force on the object in time interval 0 to 3 s.
ii. Calculate the force on the object in the time interval 6 to 10 s.
iii. Is there any time interval in which no force acts on the object? Justify your answer.

38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Work is done whenever a force moves something over a distance. You can calculate the energy transferred, or
work done, by multiplying the force by the distance moved in the direction of the force. Energy transferred =

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 work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force.

Four men lift a 250 kg box to a height of 1 m and hold it without raising or lowering it.
i. Define work done. (1)
ii. How much work is done by the men in lifting the box? (1)
iii. How much work do they do in just holding it? (2)
OR
Why do they get tired while holding it? (g = 10 ms-2) (2)

39. i. Suppose the mass of the earth somehow increases by 10% without any change in its size. What would [5]
happen to your weight?
ii. Suppose the radius of the earth becomes twice of its present radius without any change in its mass. What will
happen to your weight?
OR
A block of wood is kept on a tabletop. The mass of the wooden block is 5 kg and its dimensions are 40 cm 20 cm
10 cm. Find the pressure exerted by the wooden block on the table top if it is made to lie on the table top with its
sides of dimensions

i. 20 cm 10 cm and
ii. 40 cm 20 cm.

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 Solution

Section A
1.
(c) Dendron, Cyton, Nucleus, Axon
Explanation:
Dendron, Cyton, Nucleus, Axon

Dendron: These are hair like processes connected to the cyton. They receive stimulus, which may be physical, chemical,
mechanical or electrical, and pass it on to the cyton.
Cyton: It is the cell body, with a central nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.
Nucleus The main portion of the cell is called the soma or cell body. It contains the nucleus,
Axon: The axon is also known as the nerve fibre. It is an enlongated tubular structure that extends from the cell body and ends
at other cells.

2.
(d) both (water only) and (water + inorganic substances)
Explanation:
The liquid found inside the plant cell vacuole is referred to as the cell sap and it is a dilute fluid consisting of water, amino
acids, glucose i.e. (water + inorganic substances), water may also be inhabited with a negligible amount of salts because it
somehow depends on the mineral excess inside the body of plants. The excess material is temporarily stored inside the cell sap.
Thus, vacuoles act as storehouses in plants.

3. (a) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

Explanation:
Genes are functional units of heredity that determine the characters of organisms.
Diffusion is the process of passage of fluid from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. It
plays an important role in the gaseous exchange between the cells as well as the cell and its external environment.
Water also obeys the law of diffusion.
The passage of water from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a
semi-permeable membrane is called osmosis. The movement of water across the plasma membrane is affected by the
amount of substance dissolved in water.
Plasmolysis refers to the contraction of protoplast as a result of the loss of water from the cell. The shrinkage of
cytoplasm occurs due to exo-osmosis in a hypertonic medium. A hypertonic solution is one that has a lesser
concentration of water as compared to that inside the cell. During the process, there is a higher external osmotic
pressure and a net flow of water from the cell.
4.
(c) (C)
Explanation:
Epithelial tissues form the covering or protective tissues in the animal body. The cells of this tissue are tightly packed and form
a continuous sheet. They have only a small amount of cementing material between then and almost no intercellular space.

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 5.
(c) All of these
Explanation:
Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Convolvulus are all broad-leaf weed.

6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Meristematic tissues are growth tissues and found in the growing regions of the plant. According to their position in plant,
meristems are apical, lateral, and intercalary.
i. Apical meristem - Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem
and the root.
ii. Lateral meristem - Lateral meristems are found beneath the bark. The girth of the stem or root increases due to lateral
meristem (cambium).
iii. Intercalary meristem - Intercalary meristem is the meristem at the base of the leaves or internodes (on either side of the
node) on twigs. It increases the length of the organs such as leaves and internodes.
7. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Mitochondria are cell organelles of aerobic eukaryotes. These are sites of aerobic respiration, where the Krebs cycle occurs in
the matrix, while ETS and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes are located in the inner membrane. They are called powerhouses
of cell because they produce energy in the form of ATP. They are the major centres of the release of energy in aerobic
respiration.
8. The functions of bones (a strong and non-flexible connective tissue) are as follows:-
1. Bones form the framework that supports the body. Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix composed of calcium and
phosphorus compounds. E.g. The backbone.
2. Bones anchor the muscles and support the vital organs of the body such as the brain, lungs, tissue, etc.
3. Bones provide shape and strength to the body and protect the vital body organs. E.g. The rib-cage protects the upper thoracic
cavity. The skull protects the brain.
9. Cell organelles are responsible for the organisation and proper functioning of a cell, as each of them perform some specific
functions and every organelle is interconnected because of its functions. Naturally, if any of these organelles are destroyed, the
functions of the cell will be stopped and it may also result in the death of the cell.
OR
All organisms are made up of cells. Each cell is capable of performing all life processes like respiration, execration, reproduction,
etc. This is why cell is called the basic functional unit of life. Each cell is acquires its structure and ability to function because of
organisation of its membrane and organelles in a specific way. This is why the cell is called the basic structural unit of life.
10. Manure helps in enriching soil with nutrients and organic matter and increasing soil fertility. The bulk of organic matter in manure
helps in improving the soil structure.
Fertilizers are used to ensure good vegetative growth (leaves, branches and flowers), giving rise to healthy plants by providing
specific nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
11. i. The given diagram shows non-striated muscles or smooth muscles.
ii. Following are the characteristics of non-striated muscles:
a. The cells are spindle-shaped, uni-nucleated, elongated.
b. They are elongated and have no striations.
iii. The non-striated muscles or smooth muscles are found within the walls of the elementary canal, bladder, and blood vessels.
The non-striated muscles or smooth muscles are involuntary in nature that is we can't control the movements of these muscles
according to our will.
12. i. Green manure help to enriching the soil with nitrogen and purposes.
ii. Sun hemp and guar can be used for green manure.
iii. Using biological manure help in recycling farm waste.
13. i. Tendon.
ii. Matrix of a bone cell composed of calcium and phosphorus compound.
iii. Muscles are connected to the bone by the structure called tendon.
OR

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 Ear, Nose, and Trachea.
14. Cell organelles are the intracellular structures present in the cytoplasm. Various cell organelles are –
1. Mitochondrion – It produces energy
2. Endoplasmic reticular – synthesize lipids and proteins
3. Golgi apparatus - Storage, packaging and dispatch various substances.
4. Lysosomes – Digest intracellular substances
5. Ribosomes – Synthesize proteins
6. Vacuoles – Provide turgidity and store house of various organic substances
OR
i. Differentiation is the process by which meristematic tissue takes up a permanent shape, size and function.
ii. Large air cavities present in parenchyma (aerenchyma) of aquatic plants help the plant to maintain buoyancy in water.
iii. Epidermis of plants living in dry habitats are thicker in order to prevent loss of water.
iv. a. Xylem parenchyma consists of living cells having thin cell walls.
b. Phloem fibres are the dead element of phloem.
v. Tracheids and vessels of xylem are the two conducting tissues, which conduct water and minerals vertically.
Section B
15.
(d) Statement A
Explanation:
Statement A is correct. The temperature of the liquid becomes constant once it starts boiling. The heat is used to change the
state of matter.
The pressure of air at the sea level is 760 mm (76 cm) of Hg (mercury).

16.
(d) C and D
Explanation:
H2SO4 is composed of 2 atoms of Hydrogen, 1 atom of Sulphur, and 4 atoms of Oxygen. Its relative molecular mass is 98.

17. (a) Chemical change

Explanation:
i. The new substance is formed
ii. It is not reversible
iii. It is permanent
iv. After fermentation, you are not able to obtain grapes again.
So, Fermentation of grapes is an example of chemical change.
18.
(c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)
Explanation:
The discharge tube is a tube containing charged electrodes and filled with a gas in which ionization is induced with the help of
an electric field. The gas molecules emit light as they return to the ground state. It was used in the discovery of subatomic
particles. Neils Bohr explained that electrons do not move in orbits around the nucleus - rather they occupy discrete energy
levels. Electron is considered as a universal particle as it is present in all atoms. It also provides the chemical properties to the
atoms. Canal rays are positively charged.

19.
(d) 1
Explanation:
One molecule of water is linked by H-bond because only one molecule of water is present outside the coordination sphere.

20.
(c) 15°C

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 Explanation:
The melting point is the temperature at which solid and liquid are in equilibrium. It is the temperature above which a solid
melts to a liquid, or the temperature below which a liquid freezes to a solid.

21.
(b) Adding NaCl to water
Explanation:
Adding of common salt (NaCl) to water is physical change as no new substance is formed and no heat is evolved during the
addition of salt in water. Also, salt can be obtained by evaporation.

22.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Now, we use names and symbols as stated by IUPAC i.e. the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Many
symbols are the first letter or the first two letters of the name of the element. The symbols of some elements are formed from
the first letter of the name and a letter appearing later in the name.

23. The postulates ( assumptions ) of Dalton's atomic theory are as follows::

1. All the matter is made of very tiny particles called an 'atom'.
2. Atoms are indivisible particle;
3. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
4. Atoms of a given element are identical in every respect, having the same mass, size and chemical properties.
5. Atoms of different elements have different mass, size and chemical properties.
6. Atom combines in the ratio of their whole number to form compounds.
7. The relative' number' and 'kind' of atoms are constant in a compound.
8. Atoms of the same elements can combine in more than one ratio to form more than one compound.
24. When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the process is endothermic in nature. This means that heat energy is absorbed in the
process. Therefore, solubility increases with rise in the temperature. In case of lithium carbonate, the process of dissolution is
exothermic. This means that heat is evolved in the process. Therefore, its solubility in water decreases with rise in temperature.
OR
Metals Non-metals

Non-metals do not have lustre. They cannot be

Metals have lustre i.e. they have a shinning glow.
polished.
They are mostly solids at room temperature. Exceptions - Mercury and They are either gases or brittle solids at room
Gallium are liquids at 30 oC temperatures.

They are mostly bad conductors of heat and electricity.

Most of the metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Exception: Graphite
They are malleable i.e. they can be beaten into flat sheets. Exception:
They are non-malleable.
Zinc
They are ductile i.e. they can be drawn into wires. Exception: Zinc They are non-ductile.

They are sonorous (produce a sound on being hit) They are non-sonorous.

They generally have low melting points and low

They generally have high melting points and high boiling points.
boiling points.
E.g. Sodium, Magnesium, and Aluminium E.g. Chlorine, Oxygen and Carbon

25. 1. The element A is Na has three shells K, L and M but here only 2 shells are given, Further, L-shell cannot have more than 8
electrons but here 9 electrons are given.

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 2. The correct structure is

3. As Na has 1 valence electron, thus it has a valency of +1 and chlorine has a valency of -1. Hence, the formula of its chloride is
ACI, i.e. NaCl.
26. i. Solids have a definite mass and shape. The intermolecular distances are short and intermolecular forces are strong in solids.
They have fixed volumes. They have definite boundaries and r constituent particles have fixed positions and oscillate about
their mean positions.
ii. Sublimation is the process in which solid directly changes to gas. For example - camphor, which directly converted from solid
to gas .
iii. Vaporization can be defined as the process in which the liquid state changes into the vapour state. As a result of an increase in
temperature, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
OR
Deposition,when a substance in gas form changes states to become a solid. The gaseous substance gets deposited (usually as
crystals) bypassing the intermediate liquid state. An example of deposition is when water vapor in the atmosphere changes
directly into ice, such as the formation of frost.

Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of Name of the atomic

27. Number Number Neutrons Protons Electrons Species

9 19 10 9 9 Fluorine

16 32 16 16 16 Sulphur

12 24 12 12 12 Magnesium

1 2 1 1 1 Deuterium

1 1 0 1 0 Hydrogen ion
Explanation:
i. Fluorine ( F) Given, atomic number = 9 and number of neutrons = 10
Mass number = Atomic number + number of neutrons = 9 + 10 = 19
Number of protons = Atomic number = Number of electrons = 9
ii. Sulphur ( S) Given, atomic number = 16
Number of protons = Number of electrons = 16
Number of neutrons
= Mass number - atomic number = 3 2 - 16= 16.
iii. Magnesium ( Mg ) Number of protons = 12
Atomic number = Number of protons = 12
Number of electrons = Number of protons = 12
Number of neutrons = Mass number - atomic number = 24 — 12 = 12
iv. Deuterium ( D) Number of protons = 1 and Number of electrons = 1
Atomic number = 1, mass number = 2
Number of neutrons =2-1=1
v. Hydrogen ion (1H+) Mass number = 1
Number of protons = 1
Number of neutrons = 0
Number of electrons = 0
Atomic number = Number of protons = 1
Atomic number = Number of protons = 1
Because number of electrons is zero, i.e. not equal to that of protons, so the species is hydrogen ion, not hydrogen atom.

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 OR
Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of
Name of the atomic species
number number neutrons protons electrons

9 19 10 9 9 Fluorine

16 32 16 16 16 Sulphur

12 24 12 12 12 Magnesium

Deuterium (Isotope of
1 2 1 1 1
Hydrogen)

1 1 0 1 0 Hydrogen ion
Mass number of atomic species (A) = Number of protons (Z) + Number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = Mass number (A) - Atomic number (Z)
Atomic number (Z) = Number of protons = Number of electrons
When the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, the atomic species is a neutral atom.
When the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons, the atomic species is an ion (either cation or anion).
Section C
28.
(b) Move a stationary object
Explanation:
The given image shows that a force can move a stationary body by applying force on a stationary object.

29.
(c) Heat energy
Explanation:
All forms of energy can be completely converted to heat, but heat cannot be completely converted into work or other forms of
energy because of the entropy heat contains.

30. (a) (A)

Explanation:
If velocity is constant then the speed has to be constant. A body can have a constant speed but a changing velocity because the
direction can change while the speed is constant. (A car goes 50 mph around a roundabout). However, a body cannot have a
constant velocity at changing speed.
31.
(c) both density of the liquid and dipped volume of the body immersed.
Explanation:
Factors affecting the Upthrust are:
i. Volume of object immersed in liquid - as volume increases the upward force increases.
ii. Density of liquid: As the density of liquid increases the upward force exerted also increases.

32.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
The velocity of sound in the gaseous medium is given by
v= . Clearly, the velocity of sound in a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the density of the gas. The
density of oxygen is 16 times the density of hydrogen, therefore, the velocity of sound in hydrogen is four times the velocity of
sound in oxygen.

33. Mass of ball (m) = 200 g = 0.2 kg

Initial velocity of ball (u1) = 10 ms-1

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 Final velocity of ball (u2) = -5ms-1
(Negative sign denotes that ball is moving in opposite direction)
Initial momentum of ball = mu1
= 0.2 × 10 = 2 Ns
Final momentum of ball = mu2
= 0.2 × (-5) = -1Ns
Change in Momentum = Final Momentum - Initial Momentum
= -1 - 2 = -3Ns
Negative sign denotes that change in momentum is in the direction opposite to the direction of initial momentum of the ball.
34.
Given initial kinetic energy = 25 J
given velocity

When velocity is doubled, new velocity,

K.E.=

When velocity is made three times,

K.E.=

OR
Volume of water raised = 30,000 litres = 30 m3.
Mass of water raised, M = Volume Density
= (30 m3) (103kg/m3)
M = 3000 kg

Height, h = 45 metre
Work done by machine,
W = Weight of water raised Height
= (Mg) h=(30 103 9.8) 45
W =1.323 107joule.
Time taken, t = 10 minutes = 10 60 = 600 seconds.
Power, P =

= 22 103 W = 22 kW.
35. i. The distance-time graph represents the line AB which shows the speed of the body. So,
speed =
=
= 1 cm/s
ii. The distance-time graph shows that the body is at rest between graph line B to C, it means no movement. So speed is zero i.e.,
speed =
iii. The distance-time graph represents the line CD which shows the speed of the body. So,
speed =
=
= 2 cm/s
36. i. In the graphical figure, both the waves are of the same frequency but with different amplitude. In wave, A amplitude is less
and in wave, B amplitude is higher.

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 ii. The relationship between the velocity of sound, its wavelength and frequency is given as-
Velocity of sound = frequency wavelength
iii. Amplitude
iv. Frequency its unit is hertz.
37. i. Given mass, m = 50 g = kg.
Acceleration during intervals 0 to 3 s = a1 = = = 40 m/s2
According to Newton's second law of motion : Force, F1 = ma = ( ) 40 = 2 N

ii. Acceleration during intervals 6 to 10 s = a2 = = =- = -30 m/s2

Similarly, Force, F2 = ma2 = (-30) = -1.5 N.
iii. Time interval in which no force acts on the object ='3's - '6' s i.e A to B.
This is because in this interval, the velocity of object is constant i.e. 120 m/s .
Hence, Acceleration= '0' m/s2. Therefore, F= '0' N.
38. i. Work done on an object is defined as the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved by the object in the
direction of the applied force.
Work done = force distance
W=F s
ii. F = 250 kg 10 ms-2 (g = 10 ms-2) = 2500 Ns = 1 m
W = F.s = 2500 N 1 m = 2500 Nm = 2500 J
iii. Zero, as the box does not move at all while holding it.
OR
In or do hold the box, men are applying a force that is opposite and equal to the gravitational force acting on the box. While
applying the force, muscular effort is involved. So, they feel tired.
39. i. We know that, Original weight,Wo = mg = , where M is the mass of the earth, m= mass of body.
Let the new mass of earth = M'
According to question, New mass, M' = M + 10% of M = M + M=M+ = = 1.1M
New weight, Wn= =

Now, Ratio of new weight to original weight = = = 1.1

New weight becomes 1.1 times the original weight of body.
i.e., weight of body will increase by 10%.
ii. Again, Original Weight, Wo = , where R is the radius of the earth.
According to question, when R changes to 2R, the new weight is given by,
New weight,Wn =

Now, Ratio of new weight to original weight = = =

Therefore, New weight becomes times of original weight
OR
We have given that,
The mass of the wooden block = 5 kg
The dimensions = 40 cm 20 cm 10 cm
Here, the weight of the wooden block applies a thrust on the table top.
i.e,
Now we know that,
Thrust = F = m g
= 5 kg 9.8 ms-2
= 49 N
Area of a side = length breadth
= 20 cm 10 cm
= 200 cm2 = 0.02 m2
From equation Pressure = .....(i)

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Pressure =

= 2450 Nm-2.
When the block lies on its side of dimensions 40 cm 20 cm, it exerts the same thrust.
Area length breadth
= 40 cm 20 cm
= 800 cm2 = 0.08 m2
From equation (i)
Pressure =
The pressure exerted by the side 20 cm 10 cm is 2450 Nm-2 and by the side 40 cm 20 cm is 612.5 Nm-2.

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