| / (4) (2) @ «4 8) (6) ” (8) (9) (10) (aq) (12) (13) (a4) (15) (16) a7 (as) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) a7) (28) (29) {30} (1) 432) (83) Derive an expression for kinetic energy, when a rigid body is rolling on a horizontal surface without slipping, Hence find kinetic energy for a solid sphere. (March 2013) (3) A particle of mass m, just completes the vertical circular motion. Derive the expression for the difference in tensions at the highest and the lowest points. (March 2013) 43) For a particle performing uniform circular motion U'= @ x 7’ obtain an expression for linear acceleration of the particle performing non-uniform circular motion. (Feb, 2014) (2) State and prove the theorem of ‘parallel axes’. (Feb, 2014, 2016, 2020; July 2023). (4) State the law of conservation of angular momentum and explain with a suitable example. (Oct, 2014; July 2022) (2) Draw a diagram showing all components of forces acting on a vehicle moving on a curved banked road. Write the necessary equation for maximum safety, speed and state the significance of each term involved in it. (Oct. 2014) (3) In circular motion, assuming V'= @ * 7’, obtain an expression for the resultant acceleration of a particle in terms of tangential and radial component. (Feb, 2015) (2) State the theorem of parallel axes and theorem of perpendicular axes about moment of inertia. (Feb. 2015) (2) State an expression for the moment of inertia ofa solid uniform disc, rotating about an axis passing through its centre, perpendicular to its plane. Hence derive an expression for the moment of inertia and radius of gyration: (i) about a tangent in the plane of the disc, and (ii) about a tangent perpendicular to the plane of the disc. (Oct. 2015) (4) Draw a neat labelled diagram of conical pendulum. State the expression for its periodic time in terms of length, (Oct. 2015) (2) In U. C. M. (Uniform Circular Motion), prove the relation = Wx 7”, where symbols have their usual meanings. (Feb, 2016) (2) we (Feb, 2016) (2) R Obtain an expression for torque acting on a body rotating with uniform angular acceleration (July 2016, 2017) (3) Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the various forces and their components acting on 1 Obtain an expression for total kinetic energy of a rolling body in the form —-M va + a vehicle moving along curved banked road. (July 2016) (2) Explain the concept of centripetal force. (arch 2017) (2) Explain the physical significance of radius of gyration. (uly 2017) (2) Define moment of inertia, State its SI unit and dimensions. (October 2008, March 2018, 2022) (3) Distinguish between centripetal force and centrifugal force. (March 2009, 2010, 2018) (2) State and prove the law of conservation of angular momentum. March 2011, 2018; Oct. 2011, 2015; Feb. 2023, 2025) (2) Definie radius of gyration. Explain its physical significance. (arch 2008, 2019, July 2018) (2) What is the value of tangential acceleration in U.C.M.? (March 2019} (1) Obtain expressions of energy of a particle at different positions in the vertical circular motio: (3) Define U.C.M. Name the forces acting on a body executing non-uniform circular motion. (July 2019) (2) Explain the principle of conservation of angular momentum with the help of two appropriate examples (July 2019) (2) Define uniform circular motion, (arch 2020) (1) Obtain the relation between the magnitude of linear acceleration and angulaé acceleration in circular motion. 5 (arch 2020) (2) State the formula for moment of inertia of solid sphere about an axis passing through its center. (Oct, 2021) (1) Using the energy conservation, derive the expression for minimum speeds at different locations along a circular motion controlled by gravity. (Oct. 2021) (4) Derive an expression for the Kinetic energy of a body rotating with a uniform angular speed, (larch 2022; July 2022) (2) If friction is made zero for a road, can a vehicle move safely on this road? (Feb. 2023) (1) Derive an expression for linear velocity at lowest position, midway position and the top-most position fora particle revolvingiin a vertical circle, ifit has to ust complete citcular motion without string slackening at top.(Feb. 2023) (4) Define centripetal force. (Feb, 2024) (1) Derive an expression for maximum speed ofa vehicle moving along a horizontal circular track. (Feb. 2024) (2) (182) | i |‘Summary of Board Questions " (94) What is the radius of gyration of a solid sphere of radius Rabout its diameter? Waly 2024) (1) (88) Derive an expression for minimum speed to perform stunts in well of death, Part ofa racing trackis to be designed fora radius of curvature of 288 m. We are not recommending (July 2024) (a) (86) State the formula for angle of banking. (Feb, 2025) (1) Problems: (1) Acar of mass 1500kg rounds a curve of radius 250 m at 90 km/hour. Calculate the centripetal force acting on it. [Ans, 3750 N]- (March 2013) (2) (2) Avwhee! of moment of inertia 1 kgm? is rotating at a speed of 40 rad/s, Due to friction on the axis, the wheel comes to rest in 10 minutes. Calculate the angular momentum of the wheel, two minutes béfore it comes to rest. TAns. 8 kg-m?/s] (larch 2013) (2) (3) A ballet dancer spins about a vertical axis at 2.5 rad/sec. with his both arms outstretched. With the arms folded, the moment of inertia about the same axis of rotation changes by 25%. Calculate the new rotation in r.p.m. [Ans. 100 r.p.m] (Oct 2013) (3) {41 A racing car completes 5 rounds on a circular track in 2 minutes. Find the radius of the track if the car has uniform centripetal acceleration of n? m/s?. Tans. 144 m] (Oct 2013) (2) (5) [Link] pendulum, a string of length 120 om is fixed at rigid support and carries a mass of 150 g at its free end. If the mass is revolved in a horizontal circle of radius 0.2 m around a vertical axis, caloulate tension in the string (g = 9.8 m/s?) [ans. 1.491 N] (Oct 2013) (3) (6) A stone of mass 1 kg is whirled in horizontal circle attached at the end of a 1 m long string. Ifthe string makes an angle of 30° with vertical, calculate the centripetal force acting on the stone. (9= 9.8 m/s), [Ans. 5.658 NJ (Feb. 2014) (2) (7) A solid cylinder of uniform density of radius 2 om has mass of 50 g. Ifits length is 12 cm, calculate its moment of inertia about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its length [Ans. 650 g-cm?] (Feb. 2014) (2) {8) A body starts rotating from rest. Due to a couple of 20 Nm it completes 60 revolutions in one minute. Find the moment of inertia of the body. [Ans. 95.51 kg-m?] (Oct. 2014) (3) (9) A stone of mass 5 kg, tied to one end of a rope of length 0.8 m, is whirled in a vertical [Link] the minimum velocity at the highest point and at the midway point. (g = 9.8 m/s?) [Ans. 4.484 m/s] (Oct 2014) (2) (20) ‘The spin dryer of a washing machine rotating at 15 r.p.s, slows down to 5 r.p.s. after making 50 revolutions. Find its angular acceleration. [Ans, ~ 12.56 rad/s] (Feb. 2015) | (2) (11) A horizontal disc is freely rotating about a transverse axis passing through its céntre at the rate of 100 revolutions per minute, A 20 gram blob of wax falls on the disc and sticks to the disc at a distance of 3 cm from its axis. Moment of inertia of the disc about its axis passing through its centre of mass is 2 * 10 ke m2, Caloulate the new frequency of rotation of the disc. TAns. 80 r.p.m] (Feb. 2015) (3) (12) A stone of mass 100 g attached to a string of length 50 om is whirled in a vertical circle by giving velocity at lowest point as 7 m/s. Find the velocity at the highest point. (Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s). TAns. 5.422 m/s} (Oct. 2015) (3) (13) A coin kept at a distance of 5 em from the centre of a turntable of radius 1.5 m just begins to slip when the turntable rotates at a speed of 90 r.p.m, Calculate the coefficient of static friction between the coir. and the turntable. [g = 9.8 m/s4] [Ans. 0.4533] (eb. 2016) (2) (14) A stone of mass 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle attached at the end of 1.5 m long string. If the string makes an angle of 30° with vertical, compute its period. (g-9.8 m/s?) [Ans. 2.291 5] (uty 2016) (2) {15) A uniform solid sphere has @ radius 0.1 m and density 6 = 10° kg/m®. Find its moment of inertia about a tangent to its surface Tans. 0.3485 leg. m2] (duly 2016) (2) (26) A solid sphere of mass 1 kg rolls on a table with linear speed 2 m/s, find its total kinetic energy. [Ans. 2.8 J] (March 2017) (2) (17) A vehicle is moving on a circular track whose surface is inclined towards the horizontal at an angle of 10° ‘The maximum velocity with which it can move safely is 36 km/hr. Calculate the length of the circular track. [n=3.142] Ans. 363.7 m} (March 2017) (3) (18) A small body of a mass 0.3 kg oscillates in vertical plane with the help of a string 0.5 m long with a constant speed of 2 m/s. It makes an angle of 60° with the vertical. Calculate tension in the string (= 9.8 m/s) [Ans. 3.87 Nj (July 2017) (2) (19) A uniform solid sphere has radius 0.2 m and density 8 ~ 10° kg m®, Find the moment of inertia about the tangent to its surface, (n= 3.142) [Ans. 15.02 kg m2} (Wuly 2017) (3) (20) A flat curve on a highway has a radius of curvature 400 m. A car goes around a curve at a speed of 32 m/s. What is the minimum value of coefficient of friction that will prevent the car from sliding? (g = 9.8 m/s?) fans. 0.21612) (arch 2028) (2)(aa) | (22) (3) an) (2s) (26) en (28) (29) | (30) (31) (32) | (33) | 34) | i (35) | \ (36) 7) UTTAM?s XIl Physics Papers Solution ‘The frequency of revolution of a particle performing circular motion changes from 60 r-p.m to 180 rpm. in 20 seconds. Calculate the angular acceleration of the particle. (x = 3.142) [Ans. 0.628 rad/s?) (duly 2018) (2) ‘A meter gauge train is moving at 72 km/hr along a curved Yailway of radius of curvature 500 m at ‘a certain place. Find the elevation of outer rail above the inner rail so that there is no side pressure’ on the rail. (g= 9.8 m/s") [Ans, 0.08163 m] (uly 2018) (3) ‘A solid sphere of diameter 50 cm and mass 25 kg rotates about an axis through its centre. a Calculate its moment of inertia. If its angular velocity changes from 2 rad/s to 1 rad/s in 5 seconds, calculate the torque applied. [Ans. I= 0.625 kg-m?; t= 1.25 N-mjuuly ‘Avwheel of moment of inertia 1 kg m? is rotating at a speed of 30 rad/s. Duc to friction on the axis, rest in 10 minutes. Calculate the average torque of the friction. [Ans - 0.05 N-m] (March: 2019) (2) “The radius of gyration of a body about an axis, at a distance of 0.4 m from its centre of mass is 0.5 m. Find ifs radius of gyration about a parallel axis passing through its centre of mass. [ans.0.3m] (@iarch 2019) (2) Acar rounds a curve of radius 625 m with a speed of 45 m/s, What is the minimum value of coefficient of friction which prevents the car ftom sliding? [Ans. 0.3306] (Wuly 2019) (2) Find the frequency of revolution of a round disco stage revolving with an angular speed of 300 degree/ second. [Ans. 0.8333 Hz] Wuly 2079) (2) Energy of 1000 J is spent to increase the angular speed Gf.a wheel from 20 rad/s to 30 rad/s. Calculate the moment of inertia of the wheel {{Ans. 4 kg-m?] (arch 2020} (2) Ina circus, a motor-cyclist having mass of 50 kg moves in.a spherical cage of radius 3m. Calculate the last velocity with which he must pass the highest point without losing contact. Also calculate his angular speed at the highest point. [Ans. 5.422 m/s; 1.807 rad/s] (March 2020) (3) ‘A motor cyclist (to be treated as a point mass) is to undertake horizontal circles inside the cylindrical wall of a well of inner radius 4 m. The co-efficient of static friction between tyres and: the wall is 0.2. Calculate the minimum speed and petiod necessary to perform this stunt. {Ans. 14 m/s; 1.796 s] (Oct. 2021) (2) Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass 10 kg and radius 60 cm about an axis perpendicular tots length and passing through its centre. [Ans. 1.8 kg-m?] (larch 2022) (2) ‘The surface density of a uniform disc of radius 10 em is 2 kg/m?. Find its M.L about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane. [Ans. 3.142 « 10-* kg-mm?] ‘(July 2022) (2) ‘A motoreyclist performs stunt along the cylindrical wall of a ‘Well of Death’ of inner radius 4 m. Coefficient of static friction between tyres and the wall is 0.4, Calculate the maximum period of revolution. (Use g = 10 m/s’) [Ans, T= 2.514 5} (uly 2023) (2) ‘The radius of a circular track is 200 m. Find the angle of bahlking of the track, if the maximum speed at w! a car can be driven safely along it is 25 m/sec. fans. 6=17°41'] (Feb. 2024) (3) Part of a racing track is to be designed for a radius of curvature of 288 m, We are not recommending the vehicles to drive faster than 216 km/hr. With what angle should the road be tilted? [Ans. 0 =51°S9'] (uty 2024) (2) A torque of magnitude 400 Nm acting on a body of mass 40 kg produces an aingular acceleration of 20 rad/s?. Calculate the moment of inertia of the body. [Ans.I=20 kgm] ~ uty 2024) (2) ‘A flywheel of a motor has mass 100 kg and radius 1.5 m. The motor develops a conetant torque of 2000 Nm. ‘The flywheel starts rotating from rest. Calculate the work done during the first 4 revolutions, [Ans. W= 50.272 kJ] (Feb. 2025) (3) jaeMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS Eitheory: (i) Derive the relation between surface tension and surface energy per unit area. (March 2013) (2) {2}, Show that the surface tension of a liquid is mimeiically equal to the surface energy per unit area {Oct 2013) (2) (3) Explain the rise of liquid in the capillary on the basis of pressure difference. (Feb. 2014) (2) (4) Define angle of contact. State its any two characteristics. (Oct. 2011, 2014; July 2022) (2) {8) Derive an expression for excess pressure inside a drop of liquid. (Feb. 2015) (2) {6) Draw a neat labelled diagram showing forces acting on the meniscus of water in.a capillary tube:(Qet. 2015) (2) (7) Derive Laplace's law for spherical membrane of bubble due to surface tension. (Feb. 2016, March 2018) (3) {8) Draw a neat diagram for the rise of liquid in a capillary tube showing the components ofa surface tension. (arch 2010, July 2016) (2) {0}, Draw a neat labelled diagram fora liquid surface in contact with a solid, when the angle of contact acute. {itareh 2017) (2) (10) Define sucface tension and surface energy (ety 2017) (3) (11) What is capillarity? State any tworuses of capillarity. {October 2070, March 2011, July 2018, 2022) (2) [12) Obtain on expression for the rise of aliquid in a capillary tube ‘Marsh 2019} 18)Summary of Board Questions 185 (a3) (4) (a5) (a6) 17) as) (9) (20) (y (22) (23) (24) a) (2) @) (4 6) 6 (7) (8) 19) (10) ay ‘On the basis of molecular theory explain the phenomenon of surface tension. (July 2019; Oct.'2021) (3) Define angle of contract. (Oct. 2021) (1) State the formula for critical velocity in terms of Reynold’s number for a flow of a fluid. (March 2022) (1) Derive an expression for terminal velocity of a spherical object falling under gravity through a viscous medium. @farch 2022) (3) Define coefficient of viscosity. State its formula and §.1. units. (Feb, 2023) (2) Obtain the relation between surface energy and surface tension. (Feb. 2023) (2) Distinguish between streamline flow and turbulent flow. (Any two points) (July 2023) (2) Why a detergent powder is mixed with water to wash clothes? (Feb. 2024) (1) Define surface energy of the liquid. Obtain the relation between the surface energy and surface tension. (Feb. 2024) (2) Define surface tension. Obtain'the relation between surface tension and surface energy. (uly 2024) (3) At what temperature the surface tension of liquid becomes zero? (Feb, 2025) (1) Using Newton's law of viscosity for streamline flow, derive an expression for coeficient of viscosity. (Feb, 2025) (2) Problems: ‘The surface tension of water at 0°C is 75.5 dyne/cm. Find surface tension of water at 25°C. |e for water = 0.0021/°C] [Ans. 71.52 dyne/em] (March 2013, 2015) (2) AA soap bubble of radius 12 cm is blown. Surface tension of soap solution is 30 dyne/cm, Calculate the work done in blowing the soap bubble. [Ans. 1.086 x 10° erg] (Oct 2013) (2) Calculate the density of paraffin oil, if glass capillary of diameter 0.25 mm dipped in paraffin oil of surface tension 0.0245 N/m rises to a height of 4m. (Angle of contact of paraffin with glass = 26° and acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s?.) [Ans, 882.8 ke/m®] (Feb. 2014) (3) Water rises to a height 3.2 cm in a glass capillary tube. Find the height to which the same water will rise in another glass capillary having half area of cross section. [Ans. 4.525 cm] (Oct. 2014) (2) A raindrop of diameter 4 mm is about to fall on the ground. Calculate the pressure inside the raindrop. [Surface tension of water T = 0.072 N/m, atmospherio pressure = 1.013 * 108 N/m? [Ans, 1.01372 x 10° N/m?] (Oct. 2015) (2) ‘The energy of the free surface of a liquid drop is Sn times the surface tension of the liquid, Find the diameter of the drop in C.G.S. system. (Ans. 2.236 em] (Feb. 2016) (2) ‘The total free surface energy of a liquid drop is x2 times the surface tension of the liquid. Calculate the diameter of the drop in SL. unit. [Ans. 1.1896 m] (July 2016) (2) ‘The total energy of free surface of a liquid drop is 2r times the surface tension of the liquid. What is the diameter of the drop? [Assume all terms in SI unit). [Ans, 1.414 m] (March 2017} (8) ‘Two soap bubbles have radii in the ratio 4:3. What is the ratio of work done to blow these bubbles? [Ans. 16: 9] (uty 2017) (2) Calculate the work done in increasing the radius of a soap bubble in air from 1 em to 2 em, The surface tension of soap solution is 30 dyne/om. (r=3.142) [Ans. 2262 erg] (arch 2018) (2) A horizontal circular loop of a wire of radius 0.02 m is fowered into crude oil and a film is formed. ‘The force due to the surface tension of the liquid is 0.0113 N. Calculate the surface tension of the crude oil. (v= 3.142) : [Ans, 0.045 N/m] (July 2018) (3) A rod of length 4 cm is movable on a rectangular frame of wire, A film is formed in the frame. A force of 3.2 « 10-* N is applied to the rod for its equilibrium. Find the surface tension of the liquid. [Ans. 0.04 N/m} (July 2019) (1) Caleulate the work done in blowing a soap bubble of radius 0.1m. (Surface tension of soap solution = 30 dyne/ cm) fAns. 7.541 « 10 J] (arch 2020) (2) Compare the amount of work done in blowing two scap bubbles of radii in the ratio 4 : 5. [ans. 16 : 25] (Oct. 2021) (2) Eight droplets of water each of radius 0.2 mm coalesce into a single drop. Fine the decrease in the surface area, [Ans, 2.011 « 10° m?] (arch 2022) (2) Find the difference of pressure between inside and outside of a spherical water drop of radius 2 mm, if surface tension of water is 73 « 107° N/m. {ans. 73 N/m] (July 2022) (2) Calculate the woris done in blowing a soap bubble to a radius of 1 cm. The surface tension of a soap solution is 2.5% 10? N/m. [Ans. 62.84 « 10° Jj (Feb. 2023) (2) Caleulate the diameter of a water drop, if the excess pressure inside the drop is 80 N/m?, (Surface Tension of water = 7.2 * 10°? N/m) [ans. d= 3.6 mm] (uly 2023) (2) Calculate the terminal velocity with which an air bubble of diameter 0.4 mm rise through a liquid of viscosity 0.1 Ns /m? and density 900 kg /m®, Density of air is 1.29 kg/m, [Ans. v=~ 7.829% 10 m/s] (ly 2023 (2)Ez | al 486 UTTAM’s XII Physios Papers Solution (20) A horizontal force of 0.5 N is required to move a metal plate of area 10-7 mi with a velocity i 369 x 10-2 m/s, when it rests on 0.5 x 10° m thick layer of glycerin. Find the coefficient of ‘viscosity of glycerine 4.0 [Ans. n= 0.833 N's /m?] (fel (2) 2 (21) A spherical drop of oil falls at a constant speed of 9.8 cm/s in steady air. Calculate the radius of & ‘The density of ol is 0.9019 g/cm’, density of air is 0.0013 g/cm? and the coefficient of viscosity | 1.8 * 10° poise. [Ans. r= 3x 10-° cm] Wuly 2024) (3) | (22) Diameter of awater drop is 0.6 mm, Calculate the pressure inside aliquid drop. (T= 72 dune/ er caimospheric pressure = 1.013 x 10° N/m’) [Ans. P, = 1.0178 * 10° N/m] (Feb, 2025) (3) * SN et aes a TE| | | | EF] KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND RADIATION Eitheory: (1) Draw a neat labelied diagram for Perry's perfectly black body. (March 2013, July 2018; Oct. 2021; Feb. 2024) (2) (2) Explain black body radiation spectrum in terms of wavelength. (Oct 2013; March 2020) (2) (8) Show that RMS, velocity of gas molecules is directly proportional to square root of its absolute temperature, (Feb, 2014, March 2017) (2) (4) Show graphically spectrum of energy distribution of black body in terms of wavelengths. (Oct. 2008, 2009, Feb. 2014) (2) (5): Explain Maxwell distribution of molecular speed with necessary graph. {Oct 2014) (3) (6) With a neat and labelled diagram, explain Ferry’s perfectly black body. (Oct. 2014) (2) (7) State: (a) Wein’s displacement law and (b) First law of thermodynamics. (Feb, 2015} (2) (8). Define ‘emissive power’ and ‘coefficient of emission of a body’. (Feb. 2016) (2) (9) State Kirchhoff’ law of radiation and prove it theoretically. (March 2012, July 2017, 2019; Feb. 2025) (3) (10) What is perfectly black body? Explain Ferry's black body. (arch 2019) (3) (12) State Boyle's law. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, obtain an expression for kinetic energy per unit ‘volume of gas. (uly 2019) (3) (22) State:(a) Stefan - Baltzmann law radiation. (b) Wien's displacement law. (Oct. 2021) (2) (13) Derive an expression for a pressure exerted by a gas on the basis of kinetic theory of gases. (March 2022; Feb. 2023) (4) {14) Define: () Emissive power (il) Co-efficient of emission (July 2022) (2) {15} Explain construction and working of Ferry’s Black Body. (July 2023) (3) (16) Prove the Mayer's relation: C,~C, = & (Feb, 2024) (3) (17) Show that average energy per molecule is directly proportional to the absolute temperature ‘T’of the gas. (July 2024) (2) (18) Deduce an expression for molar specific heat of a monoatomic gas at constant volume. (July 2024) (2) BAproblems: (1) Calculate the kinetic energy of 10 gram of Argon molecules at 127°C. (Universal gas constant R = 8320 J/k mole K, Atomic weight of Argon ~ 40) [Ans. 1248 J] arch 2013) (3) (2) The kinetic energy of nitrogen per unit mass at 300 K is 2.5 x 10° J/kg, Find the kinetic energy of 4 kg oxygen at 600 K. (Molecular weight of nitrogen = 28, Molecular weight of oxygen = 32) {Ans. 1.75 x 10” J (Oct 2013) (3) (3) Calculate the average molecular kinetic energy: a) per kilomole (b) per kilogram of oxygen at 27°C. [R= 8320 J/kmole K, Avogadros number ~ 6.03 * 10 molecules/K mole} [Ans. (a) 3.744 = 10° J (b) 1.17 * 105 J] (Feb. 2015) (3) (4) A pinhole is made in a hollow sphere of radius 5 cm whose inner wall is at temperature 727°C. Find the power radiated per unit area. /Stefan’s constant o = 5.7% 10 J/m@sK", emissivity (e) = 0.2} fAns. 1.14 * 10* watt/m?] (Oct. 2015) (2) (5) Compute the temperature at which the r.m.s. speed of nitrogen molecules is 832 m/s, [Universal gas constant, R= 8320 J/k mole K, molecular weight of nitrogen = 28,][Ans. 776.53 K\(Oct. 2025) (2) (6) A metal sphere cools at the rate of 4°C/ min, when its temperature is 50°C. Find its rate of cooling at 45°C if the temperature of surrounding is 25°C. fAns. 3.2°C/min.] (Feb. 2016) (3) (7) Abody cools from 62°C to 54°C in 10 minutes and 48°C in next 10 minutes. Find the temperature of the surroundings. [Ans. 30°C] (Waly. 2016) (3) (8) A body cools at the rate of 0.5°C/min. when it is 25°C ahove the surroundings. Calculate the rate of cooling when itis 15°C above the same surroundings. [Ans. 0.3°C / min] (March 2017) (2) (9) At what temperature will average kinetic energy of gas be exactly half ofits value at N.T.P.? Aluly 2017) (2) {10) A body cools from 80°C to 70°C in 5 minutes and to 62°C in the next 5 minutes. Calculate the temperature of the surroundings, TAns. 30°C] (Feb. 2018) (3)| 1 ‘Summary of Board Questions ay (12) (a3) (14) (15) (16) a7 (ag) (19) {20) Compare the rates of loss of heat by a black body at 627°C and 427" , if the temperature of surrounding ig BC da [Ans. 5.33 : 1] (July 2018) The difference between two molar specific heats of a gas is 6000 J/kg. K. If the ratio of specific heats is 1-4 caleulate the molar specific heat at constant volume. [Ams- 15000 J/kg Kk] (Oct. 2021) ry Sierence between the two molar speciic heats of « gas is 9000 J /kgK. If the ratio ofthe two speci is 15, calculate the two molar specific heats. [Ans. C, = 27000 J/kg K; Cy = 18000 J/g K|(Mareh 2022) Calculate the energy radiated in half a minute by a black boiy of surface area 200 om? at 127°C, 3 ‘i Tams. 875.5 J] Wuly 2022) Compare the rate of loss of heat from a metal sphere at 827°C-with rate of loss of heat from . the same at 427°C, if the temperature of surrounding is 27°C. [Ans. 6.267] (Feb. 2023) A.60 W filament litnp loses all its energy by radiation from its surface. The emissivity of the filament surface is 0.5 and the surface area is § x 10-5 m?, Calculate the temperature of the Blament, (Given: = 5.67% 10 Jne?¢1K-) (Ans. T= 2551 K] (uly 2023) ‘Compare the rms speed of hydrogen molecules at 227°C with rms speed of oxygen molecule at _ 127°C. Given that molecular masses of hydrogen and oxygen are 2 and 32 respectively. Tams. Yessey ! Urmagy) = 4-472: 1] (Feb, 2024) Find Kinetic energy of 4000 ce of a gas at SP. (Given: Standard pressure is 1.013 «105 N/m?) [Ans. KE. = 6.078 x 10°] (uly 2024) Find kinetic energy of 1 litre of an ideal gas at S.-P.[Ans, KE. = 1.519 x 107] (Feb. 2025) Calculate the energy radiated in one minute by a perfectly black body of surface area 200 em? when it is maintained at 127°C. [Ans. B= 1742 J] (Feb. 2025) 187 3) 2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) ay (2)ETC a Nie) Eitheory: (1) State first law of thermodynamics. (Feb. 2015) (4) (2) What is isothermal process? (March 2020, Oct. 2021) (1) GL Write a note on free expansion in thermodynamic process. (Oct 2021) (2) (4) What is a thermodynamic process ? Give any two types of it. (March 2022) (2) (8) What are mechanical equilibrium and thermal equilibrium ? fitarch 2022) (2) (6) In which thermodynamic process the total internal energy of system remains constant? (uly 2022) (1) | “(2 State zeroth law of thermodynamics. What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics. (uly 2022) (3) | (8) Derive an expression for the work done during an isothermal process. (Feb. 2023) (2) (9) Draw 2 p-V diagram and explain the concept of positive work done and negative work done. (July 2023; 2024) (2) (10) Define: (i) Isothermal process (ii) Adiabatic process. (uly 2023) (2) (11) What is surroundings in thermodyriamics? (Feb. 2024) (1) (22) Explain the change in internal energy of a thermodynamic system (the gas) by heatingit. (Feb. 2024) (2) (13) What is isothermal process? Obtain an expression for work done by a gas in an isothermal process. (Feb, 2024) (3) (14) Explain cyclic process with the help of neat and labelled p-V diagram. (July 2024) (2) (48) What do you mean by thermodynamic system? (Feb, 2025) 1) (16) Ina thermodynamic system, define: (a) Mechanical equilibrium (b) Chemical equilibrium (e)Thermal equilibrium (Feb, 2025) (3) EXprobiems: (2) 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 450 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 3L to final volume of OL. (a) What is the work done by the gas? (R = 8.319 J mol KY {b) How much heat is supplied to the gas? [ans. (a) 2.057 kJ (b) 2.057 kJ] (Oct 2021) (3) (2) The initial pressure and volume of a gas enclosed in a cylinder are 2 < 105 N/m? and 6 * 10 mé respectively. If work done in compressing the ges at constant pressure is 150 J, find the final volume of the gas. fans. 5.25 x 10°? m®] (March 2022) (2) | (3) An automobile engine develops 62.84 kW while rotating at a speed of 1200 rpm. What torque does it deliver? Tans. 500 N-m] (uly 2022) (1) | (4) A system releases 125 kJ of heat while 104 kJ of work is done on the system. Calculate the change in internal | | | | | energy of the gas (Ans. 21 ku] (uly 2623) (2) (8) 104 J of work is done on certain volume of a gas. If the gas releases 125 kJ of heat, calculate the change in internal energy of the gas. ins. 124.9 kal] (Feb, 2023) (2) 388. UTTAM’s XII Physics Papers Solution ideal mono-atomic gas is adiabatically compressed so that its final temperature is twice its initial _ fermperatare, Calculate the ratio of final pressure to its initial pressure. [Ans. 5.656] (Feb. 2023) (2) (2) One mole of an ideal gas is enclosed in an ideal einer at 1.0 MPa and 27°C. The gas allowed to expand till its volume is doubled. Calealate the work done if the expansion is isobaric. bd a [Ans. W.= 2.493 * 109 J] (uly 2023) (2) i ize to final volume of 6 litre. (8) ‘A gas of 0.5 mole at 200 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 2.0 litre to (it fa dhe work done by gos? [Ans. W = 1.369 kJ] (Feb. 2025) (0}EE oscuzations —_| 5 —_ Eitheory: (1) Represent graphically the displacement, velocity and acceleration against time for a particle performing linear S.H.M., when it starts from the mean position. tarch 2008, 2013, Oct. 2010) (3) (2) Define an ideal simple pendulum. Show that the motion of a simple pendulum under certain conditions is simple harmonic. Obtain an expression for its period. (arch 2010, 2013, July 2018) (4) (3) Derive an expression for the period of motion of a simple pendulum, On which factors does it depend? (Oct 2013) (4) {4) State an expression for K.B. (kinetic energy) and P. E. (potential energy) at displacement ‘ for a particle performing linear S.H.M. Represent them graphically. Find the displacement at which K. Eis equal to P. E. (Feb. 2014) (3) (5) Define phase of §.H.M. Show variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration with phase for a particle performing linear S.H.M. graphically, when it starts from extreme position. (Oct. 2014) (4) {6} Obtain an expression for potential energy of a particle performing simple harmonic motion, Hence evaluate the potential energy, (a) at mean position and (b) at extreme position. (Feb. 2015, March 2019) (4) (7) Discuss the composition of two 8.H.M.s along the same path having same period. Find the resultant amplitude and initial phase. (Oct, 2015) (4) (8) Define jinear $.H.M. Show that S.H.M. is a projection of U.C.M. on any diameter. (Feb. 2016) (2) (9) Define practical simple [Link] that motion of bob of pendulum with small amplitude is linear S.H.M. Hence obtain an expression for its period. What are the factors on which its period depends? (July 2016) (5) {10} Obtain the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion, (March 2017; Feb. 2024) (2) (11) Prove the law of conservation of energy for a particle performing simple harmonic motion, Hence graphically show the variation of kinetic energy and potential energy Ww. r. t. instantaneous displacement, (March 2017) (4) (12) Define linear simple harmonic motion. Assuming the expression for displacement of a particle starting from extreme position, explain graphically the variation of velocity and acceleration w.r-t. time. (July 2016) (4) (13) State the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion. Hence obtain the expression for acceleration, velocity and displacement of a particle performing linear S.H.M. : (March 2018) (4) (14) From differential equation of linear $.H.M., obtain an expression for acceleration, velocity and displacement ofa particle performing S.H.M. (March 2019) (3) (18) Define epoch of S.H.M, State the factors on which the total energy of a particle performing S.H.M. depends. (uly 2019) (2) {16) At which position, the total energy of a particle executing linear S. H. M. is purely potential? (March 2020) (1) i i i (22) Discuss analytically the composition of two linear SHMs having same period and along the same path, ‘Obtain the expression for resultant amplitude. ind the resultant amplitude when the phase difference is: | {17) Define linear S. H. M. Obtain diflerential equation of linear S. H. M. (March 2020) (3) (18) At which position the restoring force acting on a particle executing linear SHM is maxinmum? (Oct. 2021) (1) | (19) Derive an expression for period of a simple pendulum. (Oct. 2021) (3) | (20) Write the differential equation for angular S. H. M. (March 2022) (2) i (21) Define second’s pendulum. Derive a formula for the length of second’s pendulum. (arch 2022) (2) (26) Obtain an expression for the period of a bar magnet vibrating in a uniform magnetic field, performing S. H.M. (Feb. 2025) {3 ' () zero radians (ij) radians. (uly 2022) (4) i (28) State the differential equation of linear S.H.M. Hence, obtain expression for: i (a) acceleration (b) velocity. . (Feb. 2023) (3) | (24) Obtain an expression for the period of simple pendulum performing S.H.M. (July 2023) (3) | (25) Write the differential equation for linear S.H.M. (July 2024) (1) | | || | | Summary of Board Questions 189 EXprobiem: (1) A body of mass 1 keg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 16 N/m. Calculate: (a) angular frequency, (b) frequency of vibration. [Ans. (a) 4 rad/s; (b) 0.6365 Hz] (Oct. 2013; March'2019) (a) (2) When the length of a simple pendulum is decreased by 20 cm, the period changes by 10%. Find the original length of the pendulum. TAns. 105.3 cm] (Feb. 2014) (3) (3) The maximum velocity of a particle performing linear $.H.M. is 0.16 m/s, Ifits maximum acceleration is 0.64 m/s?, calculate its period. [Ans. 1.57 second] (Oct. 2014) (2) (4) A particle in S.H.M. has a period of 2 seconds and amplitude of 10 cm. Calculate the acceleration when it is at 4 em from its positive extreme position. [Ans. 59.16 cm/s] (Feb, 2015) (2) The periodic time ofa linear harmonic oscillator is 2x second, with maximum displacement of | om. I the parle starts from extreme postin, find the diplacement ofthe particle after = seconds, Ans. 0.5 cm] (Oct. 2015) (2) (6) A particle performing linear S.H.M. has a period of 6.28 seconds and a pathlength of 20 em. What ie the velocity when its displacement is 6 cm from mean position? [Ans. 8 cm/s] (Feb. 2016) (2) (7) A pauticle executes 8.H.M. with a period of 10 seconds. Find the time in which its potential energy will be half of its total energy. [Ans. 1.25 second} (uly 2016) (2) A clock regulated by seconds pendulum, keeps correct time. During summer, length of pendulum increases to 1.005 m. How much will the clock gain or loose in one day? (g = 9.8 m/s? and x= 3.142) [Ans. Loss, 518.4 sec.] (uty 2017) (3) A particle performing linear S.H.M. has maximum velocity of 25 cm/s and maximum acceleration of 100 cm/s?, Find the amplitude and period of oscillation. (t= 3.142) [Ans. A= 6.25 cm; T= 1.571 sec.](Mlareh 2018) (2) (20) A simple pendulum of length 1m and mass 10 g oscillates freely with amplitude 2 em. Find its potential ‘cnergy (P-E) at the extreme position. (g= 9.8 m/s) [Ans. 1.96 « 10-5 J] (uly 2018) (2) (11) ‘The length of the second’s pendultim in a clock is increased to 4 times its initiel length. Calculate the number of oscillations completed by the new pendulum in one minute. [Ans. 15] (arch 2019) (2) (12) A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 25 « 10° dyne/cm. Calculate the ‘magnitude of angular velocity and frequency of vibrations of the body. [Ans. 0.7956 Hz] (July 2019) (9) (13) A simple pendulum of length 1 m has mass 10 g. and oscillates freely with amplitude of S cm. Calculate its 6) 8) 9) potential energy at extreme position [Ans. 1.225 * 10-* J] (Mtarch 2020) (3) (14) A particle performing linear S. H, M, has maximum velocity 25 cm/s and maximum acceleration 100 cm/s? Find period of oscillation. {Ans. 1.571 second] (@farch 2022) (2) (15) Calculate the velocity of a particle performing S.H.M. after 1 second, ifits displacement is given by x= Ssin| = m [Ans. 2,618 m/s] (Feb, 2023) (1) (16) Calculate the period of @ particle performing linear S.H.M. with maximum speed of 0.08 m/s and maximum acceleration of 0.33 it/s?. Ams. T= 1.571 5] (July 2023; Feb, 2024) (2) | (17) The displacement of a particle performing simple harmonic motion a of its amplitude. What fraction of TE 8 total energy will be its kinetic energy? ans TS (uly 2023; Feb. 2024) (2) (18) & body of mass 0.2 kg performs linear SH.M. It expetiences a restoring force of 0.4 N when its displacement from the mean position is 8 em. Determine force constant [Ans. k= § N/a} uly 2024) (4) (49) At what distance from the mean position isthe kinetic energy ofa particle performing S.H.M. of amplitude 10-cm, three times its potential energy? {Ans. x= £5 emt} (July 2024) . (3) (20) A body of mass 0.8 kg performs linear $.H.M. It experiences a restoring forve of 0.4 N, when its displacement from mean position is 4 em, Determine force constant and period of S.H.M. LITT sec] (Feb. 20251 1m a| | ' | 6 SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES EXitheory: (2) Differentiate between free and forced vibrations. (larch 2013; Feb, 2023} (2) (2) With a neat labelled diagram, show that all harmonies are present in an air column contained in a pipe open at both the ends. Define end correction (arch 2013) (4) {3} Draw neat labelled diagrams for modes of vibrations of an air column in a pipe when itis: (a) open at both ends (b} closed at one end.UTTAM’s XII Physics Papers Solution. Hence derive an expression for fundamental frequency in each case. 1 (Oct 2013, July 2018) (4) Derive an expression for one dimensional - Simple harmonic progressive wave travelling in the direction of positive X-axis. Express it in ‘two different forme. i {Oct 2013) (8) (5) A wire of density” and Young's modulus ‘Y’is stretched between two rigid supports separated by & distance L’ under tension 'T, Derive an expression for its frequency in fundamental mode. Hence, show that n= a where symbols have their usual meanings. i (Feb. 2014) (4) (6) Distinguish between forced vibrations and resonance. Draw neat, labelled diagrams for the modes of. vibration of a stretched string in second harmonic and third harmonic. (Oct. 2014) (4) (7) What are forced vibrations and resonance? Show that only’odd harmonics are present in an air column vibrating in pipe closed at one end. (eb. 2015) (4) {8) Explain what is Doppler effect, in sound and state its any four" applications. (feb. 2015) (3) (9) Show that all harmonics are present on a stretched string between two rigid supports. (Oct, 2015; July 2024) (8) (10) Explain analytically how the stationary waves are formed. Hence show thatthe distance between node and adjacent antinode is -F. (Feb. 2016) (2) (11) Expiain the formation of stationary wave by analytical method. Show that nodes and antinodes are equally spaced in a stationary wave. (July 2016) (4) (12) Explain the formation of stationary waves by analytical method. Show the formation of stationary wave diagrammatically. (March 2017) (4) {13} Discuss different modes of vibrations in an air column of a pipe open at both the ends. State the cause of end correction. Find the end correction for the pipe open at both the ends in fundamental mode. (July 2017) (8) (14) What is meant by harmonics? Show that only odd harmonics are present as overtones in the case of an air column vibrating in a pipe closed at one end, (March 2018) (4) (18) Show that beats frequency is equal to frequency difference between two interfering waves. (July 2018) (3) (16) Explain the reficction of transverse and longitudinal waves from [Link] medium and a rarer medium. (March 2019) (3) (17) Show that even as well as odd harmonics are present as overtones in the case of an air column vibrating ina pipe open at both the ends. (larch 2019) (3) (38) Explain analytically how stationary waves are formed. What are nodes and antinodes? Show that distance between two adjacent nodes or antinode is > (ttarch 2012, 2019) (4) (19) State the principle of superposition of waves. Distinguish between forced vibrations and Saini (uty 2019) (3) (20) Show that all harmonics are present in case of an air column, (March 2020) (4) (21) What are harmonics and overtones (Iwo Points]? (March 2022, 2024) (2) {23} Prove that frequency of beats is equal to the difference between the frequencies ofthe two sound note ging rie to beats. (March 2022) (3) (29) State any two characteristics of progressive waves d (uty, 2022) @) (28) State the formula for end correction in a resonance tube experiment. (uuly 2023) (1) (25) State the law of length and the law of linear density for a vibrating string, (July 2023) (2) (26) Derive an expression for equation of stationary wave on a stretched string. Show that the distance between two successive nodes or antinodes is 1/2. (Feb. 2024) (3) (21) Distinguish between progressive waves ad stationary waves, (iuty2024) (2) {28) Obtain an expression for practical determination of end correction: (i) for @ pipe open at both ends (i) for a pipe closed at one end. (Feb, 2025) (3) Probiems: 7 7 : (1) ‘Two sound notes have wavelengths 779m and jm in air. These notes when sounded together produce 8 beats per second. Calculate the velocity of sound in air and frequencies of two notes. [Ans. 332 m/s] (March 2009, 2017) (4) (2) A set of 12 tuning forks is arranged in the increasing order of frequencies. Bach tuning fork produce ‘Y” beats per second with previous one. The last tuning fork is an octave of the first. The fifth tuning fork has the frequency 90 Hz, Find Yand hence find the frequency of the last fork. fAns. Y= 6 beats/s, ny. = 132 Hz] (March 2011, 2017) (4) {3) A train blows a whistle of frequency 640 Hz in air, Find the difference in apparent frequencies of the whistle for a stationary observer, when the trai moves towards and away from the observer with the speed of 72 ken/hour. [Speed of sound in air = 340 m/s) [Ans, 75.6 He} fitarch 2013) (3)Summary of Board Questions 191 (4) The equation of simple harmonic progressive wave is given by Y=0,05 sinn[20e- 4 where all quantities ‘aren S1- units, Calculate the displacement ofa particle at 8 m from otgin and at the instant 0.1 second o. feb. 2014) (3) re ais open at both ends is 47 em loag and has an inner diameter § em. If the speed of somes GCs 948 m/s, calculate the tandamental frequency of air column in that pipe. [Ans 94 fe] Pen 2014) (2) | OA Soak sonometer wie vibrates with frequency of 280 He in fundamental mode, when iiude tie of 24. N. Calculate linear density ofthe material of wie. [Ans 6.028 « 10-" g/m (Oct. 2014) (2) 70 70 (7) Wavelengths of two notes in the air are (as mand: fel Bach of these notes produces 8 beats per second ‘hs eining fork of fixed frequency, Find the velocity of sound inthe ai and frequency ofthe tuning fork Ans, 0» 280 m/s N= 6202] (Oct. 2014) (9) (6) A ghetcaed wire emits fundamental note of frequency 256 Ha, Keeping the steching free consient on ane te length of wre by 10 cm, the frequency becomes 320 Ha, Calclae the oopival ln Wire [Ans, 0.5 m] feb, 2015) (3) | Sfennmte wire sn unison wth a tuning fof frequency 125 He when itis stretched by a weight OF the eas completely immersed in water, 8 beats ae heard per second Find the speae Sty of the material ofthe weight. Tans. 6 = 8.09] (et, 2015) (3) 1s ke 21 tuning forks are arranged ina series of decreasing fesuences. Fach tuning fork produces 4 reat a tenth ole ne Preeeding fork If the first fork isan octave ofthe Inst fork, ind thecteatorcs etre noes and tenth fdrks, {Ans. n,= 160 Hz, = 124 He] (Oct. 2018) (3) (a) NSTC AS tuning forks is arranged in a series of descending frequencies such that each fork geen # beac, Repieiand with preceding one, The frequency offs fork is 15 times the equency of the ek teks ea ane frequency of the frst and 42% tuning fork, (Ans, n, = 564 Hz, y= 400 Hz] (Feb 2016) (3) ‘The fundamental frequency of an air column in a pipe closed at one end isin unison with the third overtone of an open pipe. Calculate the ratio of lengths of their air columns. [ans 1:3] (Feb. 2016) (2) A tube open at both ends has length 47 em, Calculate the fundamental requency of air eum Meplect end correction. Speed of sound in aris 3.3 x 108 m/s). [Ams 351.1 Ha] (uly 2016) (2) |4) The speed limit for a vehicle on road is 120 kra/br. A policeman detects a Grop of 10% in the pitch of hom fa car as it passes him. Is the policeman justified in punishing the car deves or crossing the speed |. limit? (Given : velocity of sound = 340 m/s) Tans. 64.4 km/br, not justified] » (July 2016) (3) (98) A transverse wave is produced om a stretched string 0.9m long and fixed at its ends, Find the speed of the transverse wave, when the string vibrates while emitting second overtone of frequency 324 Hz. : fans. 194.4 m/s] (March 2017) (2) 196) What should be tension applied toa wire of length Im and reass 10 gram, iit has to vibrate with fundamental frequency of $0 Hz? [Ans, 100 N} (Wuly 2017) (2) | 81 82 [A7) ‘The wavelength of two sound waves in air are m and ‘T77™- They produce 10 beats per second. Calculate the velocity of sound in ait. [Ans. 270 m/s} March 2018) (3) (18) ‘The length of an air column for @ fandamental mode in a resonance tube ie 16 em and that for second Tesonance is 50.25 cm, Find the end correction [Ans, 1.125 em} Waly 2018) (2) | 19) A stretched sonometer wire is in unison with a tuning fork. When the length of the wire is increased | by 5%, the number of beats heard per second is 10. Find the frequency of the tuning fork. {Ans, 210 Hz} Atarch 2019) (2) 20) A sonoinetér wire 1 metre long weighing 2g is in resonance with a tuning fork of frequency 300 Hz, Find tension in the sonometer wire. tAns. 720 N} @farch 2019, 2020) (2) 2A) A driver in a stationary bus blows homn with frequency 1024 Hz. Another bus directly behing ane stationary bus Speer of aate it at the speed of 54 km/hr. Find the frequency of sound heard by the river ix ane moving bus. Speed of sound in air is 40 m/s] (Ans, 1069 Hz} (uly 2019) (2) 22) Find the distance between two successive antinodes in a stationary wave on ¢ string wibrating with frequency 32 He. (Speed of wave = 48 m/s,f[Ans. 0.75 m] (Oct, 2021) (2) 81 82 ‘The wavelength of two sound waves in air are [7g Mand 77pm. They produce 9 beats per second. | Calculate Velocity of sound in air. [Ans. 369 m/s] (Oct, 2021) (3) FA) A pipe open at both the ends his a fundamental frequency of 600 Hz, The fist overtone of a pipe closed at one Fangeas the same frequency as the first overtone of the open pipe. How long are the tao pipes? [Velocity of sound in air = 370 [Ans. 20.63 cmp (duly. 2022) (3)