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Essential Research Study Notes

Research is a systematic investigation aimed at answering questions and building knowledge, characterized by clear goals, data collection, and analysis. It contributes to education through description, prediction, improvement, and explanation, and serves various purposes including basic, applied, evaluation, and action research. Good research is defined by clarity, rigor, testability, and ethical standards.

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4 views2 pages

Essential Research Study Notes

Research is a systematic investigation aimed at answering questions and building knowledge, characterized by clear goals, data collection, and analysis. It contributes to education through description, prediction, improvement, and explanation, and serves various purposes including basic, applied, evaluation, and action research. Good research is defined by clarity, rigor, testability, and ethical standards.

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Study Notes: Research

What is Research?

Research is a systematic process of investigating problems, seeking answers, and building knowledge. It:

Involves asking new questions, gathering data, and sharing findings.

Can be inductive (developing theories) or deductive (testing theories).

Is collaborative and ongoing.

Characteristics of Research

1. Starts with a problem or question.

2. Clear goals must be set.

3. Follows a specific plan, not random guessing.

4. Breaks problems into smaller subproblems.

5. Guided by questions/hypotheses.

6. Based on assumptions that must be valid.

7. Involves data collection and analysis.

8. Cyclical, not a one-time event.

Types of Knowledge Research Contributes to Education

1. Description Describes how things are.

2. Prediction Forecasts outcomes using variables.

3. Improvement Tests interventions and solutions.

4. Explanation Understands cause-and-effect.

Purposes of Research

1. Basic Research Develops theory and understanding.

2. Applied Research Solves real-world problems.

3. Evaluation Research Assesses programs or policies.

4. Action Research Solves immediate problems in a community or organization.

Other purposes include:


Study Notes: Research

Discovering new knowledge

Exploring new areas

Describing phenomena

Explaining causes

Predicting outcomes

Fulfilling external requirements (e.g. school projects)

Hallmarks of Scientific Research

1. Purposiveness Clear and focused aim.

2. Rigor Accurate and thorough.

3. Testability Hypotheses must be testable.

4. Replicability Results can be repeated.

5. Precision & Confidence Accurate and reliable.

6. Objectivity Based on data, not personal opinions.

7. Generalizability Results apply broadly.

8. Parsimony Simple and straightforward.

Qualities of Good Research

1. Clearly defined purpose

2. Detailed process for replication

3. Well-planned design

4. Ethical standards followed

5. Limitations clearly stated

6. Thorough data analysis

7. Clear presentation of findings

8. Conclusions supported by data

9. Researchers qualifications matter

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