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Overview of the Urinary System

The urinary system's primary function is to produce urine, with the kidneys playing a crucial role in filtering waste from the blood. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, which are responsible for urine formation through processes of filtration and reabsorption. Key components of the urinary system include the renal artery, ureters, bladder, and urethra, all working together to manage waste and maintain fluid balance in the body.

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Raymond Asare
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3 views17 pages

Overview of the Urinary System

The urinary system's primary function is to produce urine, with the kidneys playing a crucial role in filtering waste from the blood. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, which are responsible for urine formation through processes of filtration and reabsorption. Key components of the urinary system include the renal artery, ureters, bladder, and urethra, all working together to manage waste and maintain fluid balance in the body.

Uploaded by

Raymond Asare
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Urinary System

and the Kidney


Chapter 10

1
Introduction
• The function of the Urinary system is to
produce urine.
• The organ that does this is the kidney.
• The kidney is found in the abdomen.
• There are two kidneys.

2
The Urinary System

3
The Urinary System
Renal Artery Vena Cava Aorta Renal Vein

Kidney

Ureter

Bladder

Urethra

4
• Kidney
– Filters the waste out of the blood.
• Ureter
– Carries the urine to the bladder.
• Bladder
– Stores the urine for a short time.
• Urethra
– Carries the urine to the outside.
• Renal Artery
– Carries the blood to the kidney
• Renal Vein
– Carries the blood away from the kidney.

5
The Kidney

6
The Kidney

Renal Artery Cortex

Pyramids

Medulla
Renal Vein

Pelvis
Ureter
7
Functions of the kidney
1. Excretion.
– Water, salts and urea are excreted from the
blood.
2. Osmoregulation
– Balance between water and salt in the body.

8
The Nephron
• Each kidney is made up of more than a million
nephrons.
• A nephron is a tube about 3 cm long.
• They are located in the cortex and medulla.
• Nephrons make urine.

9
The Nephron
Branch of Bowman’s Renal Vein
Renal Capsule
Artery

Glomerulus Distal
Convoluted
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Tubule

Loop of Henle

Collecting Duct

10
The Nephron
• Blood enters each kidney by the renal artery.
• This divides to form a clump of capilliaries
called the Glomerulus.

11
Filtration
• Blood enters the nephron by the capillaries.
• Filtration takes place in the glomerulus.
• This is where small molecules such as glucose,
vitamins, hormones, salts, and water are forced
out through the wall of the glomerulus, and in
through the wall, of Bowman’s capsule.
• This happens under high pressure.

12
• Large substances do not enter glomerular filtrate
like red and white blood cells, platlets,
antibodies, clotting proteins, and hormones.

13
Reabsorption
• In the proximal convoluted tubule, the glucose, and nutrients
and some of the salt and water are reabsorbed back into the
blood supply.
• These are absorbed by a combination of diffusion, osmosis,
and active transport.
• Active transport is where energy is used up to reabsorb these
substances.
• Some water and salts are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle and
in the distal convoluted tubule
• The remaining urine passes down the collecting duct and into
the ureter.

14
Control of water by the nephron

• The collecting duct is normally impermeable to


water. (will not allow water through its wall).
• When the blood is short of water the pituitary gland
releases ADH. (Anti Diuretic Hormone).
• This causes the wall of the collecting duct to be
permeable to water and water is absorbed into the
blood.
• Should the blood be dilute enough then ADH is not
released and the water is lost with the urea.

15
Summary of production of Urine

16
Summary Video

..\5th Videos\Urinary system - The [Link]

17

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