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Energy Balances in Chemical Engineering

The document outlines a tutorial on energy balances in chemical engineering, featuring problems related to gas compression, specific enthalpy calculations, heat transfer in heat exchangers, and turbine energy balances. It includes detailed scenarios involving ideal gases, steam properties, and enthalpy changes under various conditions. Each problem requires applying principles of thermodynamics to determine heat transfer, flow rates, and energy changes in closed and open systems.

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Айсулуу Абдуллаева
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4 views2 pages

Energy Balances in Chemical Engineering

The document outlines a tutorial on energy balances in chemical engineering, featuring problems related to gas compression, specific enthalpy calculations, heat transfer in heat exchangers, and turbine energy balances. It includes detailed scenarios involving ideal gases, steam properties, and enthalpy changes under various conditions. Each problem requires applying principles of thermodynamics to determine heat transfer, flow rates, and energy changes in closed and open systems.

Uploaded by

Айсулуу Абдуллаева
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CME110 Introduction to Chemical Engineering

Tutorial #8
(Energy Balances on Closed and Open Systems)

1) A cylinder with a movable piston contains 4.00 liters of a gas at 30°C and 5.00 bar. The
piston is slowly moved to compress the gas to 8.00 bar.
a) Considering the system to be the gas in the cylinder and neglecting ΔE p, write and
simplify the closed-system energy balance. Do not assume that the process is isothermal
in this part.
b) Suppose now that the process is carried out isothermally, and the compression work
done on the gas equals 7.65 L bar. If the gas is ideal so that U is a function only of T,
how much heat (in joules) is transferred to or from the surroundings?

2) Oxygen (MW=32) at 150 K and 41.64 atm has a tabulated specific volume of 4.684 cm3 /g
and a specific internal energy of 1706 J/mol. Calculate the specific enthalpy of oxygen in
this state.

3) A stream of saturated steam at 25 bar is used to heat 100 kg/min of an oil from 135°C to
185°C in a heat exchanger. Heat must be transferred to the oil at a rate of 1.00×104 kJ/min
to accomplish this task. The system is isobaric and the steam condenses at the exiting
stream. Identify the required flow rate of saturated steam for the process to occur.
Physical properties of the steam as given as follow:
i) 𝐻̂ (l, 25 bar, sat’d) = 962 kJ/kg
ii) 𝐻̂ (v, 25 bar, sat’d) = 2800.9 kJ/kg

4) A turbine discharges 200 kg/h of saturated steam at 10.0 bar absolute. It is desired to
generate steam at 250°C and 10.0 bar by mixing the turbine discharge with a second stream
of superheated steam of 300°C and 10.0 bar.
Physical properties of the steam as given as follow:
i) 𝐻̂ (v, 10 bar, sat’d) = 2776.2 kJ/kg
ii) 𝐻̂ (v, 10 bar, 300°C) = 3052 kJ/kg
iii) 𝐻̂ (v, 10 bar, 250°C) = 2943 kJ/kg
a) If 300 kg/h of the product steam is to be generated, how much heat (kJ/s) must be added
to the mixer?
b) If instead the mixing is carried out adiabatically, at what rate (kg/h) is the product steam
generated?

5) Use the steam table to evaluate the enthalpy change in kJ of 2 kmol of steam when heated
from 400 K and 100 kPa to 900 K and 100 kPa.

6) Superheated steam at 40 bar absolute and 500°C flows at a rate of 250 kg/min to an
adiabatic turbine, where it expands to 5 bar. The turbine develops 1500 kW. From the
turbine, the steam flows to a heater, where it is reheated isobarically to its initial
temperature. Neglect kinetic energy changes.
a) Sketch and label the flow diagram completely.
b) Write an energy balance on the turbine and use it to determine the outlet stream
temperature.
c) Write an energy balance on the heater and use it to determine the required input (kW)
to the steam.

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