ROLL OF REAGENT IN ORGANIC CONVERSION

CONVERSION REAGENT
Alkene to alcohol 1. H2O/ H+
2. B2H6, H2O2, H2O, OH-
Aldehyde to alcohol ( same 1. LiAlH4 (2) NaBH4 (3)
number of carbon atom) H2/[Link] or Pd
Carboxylic acid to alcohol LiAlH4 , H2O
Ester to alcohol H2/ Ni
Grignard reagent to primary HCHO , H3O+
alcohol
Grignard reagent to secondary Other aldehydes, H3O+
alcohol
Grignard reagent to tertiary Ketone, H3O+
alcohol
Alcohol to alkoxide Metal (Na)
Alcohol to ester Carboxylic acid, acid
chloride or acid
anhydride
Alcohol to haloalkane SOCl2, PX3 or PCl5
Alcohol to alkene Conc. H2SO4 at 443K
Alcohol to aldehyde PCC or CrO3 or Cu catalyst
Alcohol to carboxylic acid KMnO4
Secondary alcohol to ketone CrO3 or Cu catalyst
Tertiary alcohol to alkene Cu catalyst
Alcohol to ether Conc. H2SO4 at 413K
Haloalkane to ether Sodium alkoxide
Ether to alcohol and haloalkane HX (e.g. HI)
Alkene to aldehyde or ketone O3/Zn, H2O
Alkyne to aldehyde or ketone H2O, HgSO4, H2SO4
Acid chloride to aldehyde H2, , Pd/BaSO4
Nitrile to aldehyde 1. SnCl2 , HCl
2. DIBAL-H
Acid chloride to ketone R2Cd
Nitrile to ketone Grignard reagent, H3O+
Aldehyde or ketone to HCN
cyanohydrin
Aldehyde to acetal Alcohol
Aldehyde or ketone to 1. Zn(Hg) / HCl
hydrocarbon 2. NH2-NH2, ethylene
glycol, KOH
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 or
HNO3
Ketone to carboxylic acid KMnO4
Aldehyde or ketone to iodoform NaOH and I2
Nitrile to carboxylic acid H3O+ (complete
hydrolysis)
Nitrile to amide H3O+ (partial hydrolysis)
Grignard reagent to carboxylic CO2 , H3O+
acid
Acid anhydride to carboxylic H3O+
acid
Ester to carboxylic acid H3O+
Carboxylic acid to acid P2O5 , ∆
anhydride
Carboxylic acid to ester Alcohol, Conc. H2SO4
Carboxylic acid to acid chloride SOCl2 , PCl3 or PCl5
Carboxylic acid to amide NH3 , ∆
Carboxylic acid to alkane NaOH , CaO , ∆
Carboxylic acid to halo X2/ Red P
carboxylic acid
Nitro compound to amine Fe/HCl or Sn/HCl or
H2/Ni, Pd or Pt
Haloalkane to amine NH3
Amide to amine ( one C atom Br2/NaOH
less )
Amide to amine ( same C atom) LiAlH4
Nitrile to amine LiAlH4 or Na/C2H5OH
Amine to amide Acid chloride or acid
anhydride or ester
Amine to isocyanide CHCl3, ethanolic acid
Amine to alcohol HNO2 ( NaNO2 + HCl )
Alkene to haloalkane HX (HCl, HBr, HI)
Alkane to haloalkane Halogen , UV light
Chloroalkane to bromoalkane or NaI. Dry acetone
iodoalkane
Chloroalkane to bromoalkane or AgF
fluoroalkane
Haloalkane to alcohol Aq. NaOH
Haloalkane to nitrile KCN
Haloalkane to alkene Alcoholic KOH
Haloalkane to isocyanide AgCN
Haloalkane to nitroalkane AgNO2
Haloalkane to alkyl nitrite KNO2
Haloalkane to alkane Na, dry ether
Haloalkane to Grignard reagent Mg, dry ether
Haloalkane to ether Sodium alkoxide
Chlorobenzene to phenol NaOH.H+
Benzene to phenol Oleum, NaOH, H+
Cumen to phenol O2, H+, H2O
Phenol to sodium phenoxide NaOH
Phenol to o-nitrophenol and p- Dil. HNO3
nitrophenol
Phenol to2,4,6-trinitro phenol Conc. HNO3, Conc. H2SO4
Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol Br2 water
Phenol to o-bromo phenol and p- Br2 in CS2
bromo phenol
Phenol to salicylic acid NaOH, CO=2, H+
Phenol to salicylaldehyde CHCl3, aqNaOH, H+
Phenol to benzene Zn dust
Phenol to nenzoquinone Na2Cr2O7.H2SO4
Anisole to o-bromo anisole and Br2 in CH3COOH
p-bromo anisole
Anisole to o-nitro anisole and p- Conc. HNO3, Conc. H2SO4
nitro anisole
Anisole to 2-methoxy toluene CH3Cl, anhydrous AlCl3
and 4- methoxy toluene
Anisole to 2-methoxy CH3COCl, anhydrous ALCl3
acetophenone and 4-methoxy
acetophenone
Methyl iodide to anisole Sodium
phenoxide(C6H5ONa)
Benzoyl chloride to bezaldehyde H2, Pd/BaSO4
Toluene to benzaldehyde 1. CrO2Cl2, CS2, H3O+
2. CrO3, (CH3CO)2O,
H3O+
Benzene to benzaldehyde CO, HCl, anhydrous AlCl3
Benzene to benzophenone C6H5COCl, anhydrous AlCl3
Benzene to acetophenone Ch3COCl, anhydrous AlCl3
Benzaldehyde to benzoic acid KMnO4
Benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol LIAlH4
Benzaldehyde to m- nitro Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4
benzaldehyde
Toluene to benzoic acid Alkaline KMnO4
Ethyl benzene to benzoic acid Alkaline KMnO4
Benzamide to benzoic acid H3O+, ∆
Benzoyl chloride to benzoic acid H2O
Benzoic chloride to benzoyl acid SOCl2
Benzoic acid to benzamide NH3, ∆
Benzoic acid to m-nitro benzoic Conc. HNO3, Conc. H2SO4
acid
Benzoic acid to m-bromo Br2/FeBr3
benzoic acid
Benzamide to aniline Br2/NaOH
Nitro benzene to aniline Fe/HCl or Sn/HCl
Aniline to benzene diazonium NaNO2/HCl
salt
Benzene to nitrobenzene Conc. HNO3, conc.H2SO4
Aniline to 2,4,6-tribromoaniline Bromine water
Aniline to p-bromoaniline (CH3CO)2O, Br2 in
 Ch3COOH, H2O
Aniline to p-nitroaniline (CH3CO)2O, HNO3, H2SO4,
H2O
Aniline to sulphanilic acid Conc. H2SO4, ∆
Benzene diazonium salt to CuCl/HCl
chlorobenzene
Benzene diazonium salt to CuBr/HBr
bromobenzene
Benzene diazonium salt to KI
iodobenzene
Benzene diazonium salt to HBF4, ∆
fluorobenzene
Benzene diazonium salt to H2O, warm
phenol
Benzene diazonium salt to H3PO2,H2O
benzene
Benzene diazonium salt to CuCN/KCN
cyanobenzene
Benzene diazonium salt to HBF4, NaNO2, Cu, ∆
nitrobenzene
Benzene diazonium salt to p- Phenol, OH-
hydroxyazobenzene
Benzene daizonium salt to p- Aniline, OH-
amino azobenzene
Benzene to chlorobenzene Cl2, anhydrous AlCl3
Benzene to bromobenzene Br2/FeBr3
Chlorobenzene to 1,4- Cl2, anhydrous AlCl3
dichlorobenzene and 1,2-di
chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene to1-chloro-2- Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4
nitrobenzene and 1-chloro-4-
chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene to 2- Conc. H2SO4, ∆
chlorobenzene sulphonic acid
and 4-chlorobenzene sulphonic
acid
Chlorobenzene to 1-chloro-2- CH3Cl, anhydrous AlCl3
methyl benzene and 1-chloro-4-
methyl benzene
Chlorobenzene to 2-chloro CH3COCl, anhydrous AlCl3
acetophenone and 4-chloro
acetophenone
Chlorobenzene to CH3Cl, Na, dry ether
methylebenzene
Chlorobenzne to diphenyl Chlorobenzene, Na, Dry
ether