INDEX

Sr.
No. Description

1 Introduction

2 Company Information
Report -

3.1 Objectives
3.2 Highlights of Training Exposure (area, scope)
3
3.3 Construction process
3.4 Tools & Technology Used
3.5 Construction materials used
3.6 Labor management
4 Weekly Diary

5 Conclusion

CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION:

• BRIEF BACKGROUND ABOUT INDUSTRIAL TRAINING -:

Industrial training is basically a field-based practical training experience that student go

through to prepare themselves for the takes they are expected to perform on completion of their
undergraduate studies.

This training is usually conducted at the third year and goes for the period of at least 12
weeks. The student finds out position in various firms, companies, organization and or
government department where they get hands-on training on site or in office.
• OBJECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING -:

To enable the student to relate the theoretical knowledge acquired in class with the practical
skill and actual work on site.

• To provide an opportunity to student to incorporate the principle and techniques

theoretically learnt into real-life problem-solving situations.
• To identify and solve problems on site.

• To develop positive attitude towards work.

• To acquire good technical writing skill.

• To develop interpersonal and communication skill in associating with staff and people
from different background.
• To expose student to civil engineering ethics and codes of practical.

• To enable us acquire supervision skill and control of projects to ensure that the work
being done is of good work.

• COMPANY INFORMATION

• Name of developers -: Khorjuvekar Building + developer

• Owner of Company’:- [Link]
Address -: F-1 Atharva Ancade, Sawantwadi
 • [Link] is a leading construction company with a dominant presence in the
Sawantwadi city and an excellent track record for the best customer satisfaction. We are
dedicated to giving our best, we never compromise on the quality and service provided to
our customers. We assure the customers the best way of living and satisfactory residency in
construction works.

• Service -:

• All type Construction

• RCC Work

• Estimate and Development

• Project completed -:

• Residential Building

• Residential Bungalow

3. Retaining wall

• Specialization -:

• Residential Bungalow

• Residential building

• RCC work

• Production Activities:-

• Estimation and Valuation

• All type Construction

• REPORT:
• OBJECTIVES:

The objective of industrial training is to provide to students the feel of the actual
working environment and to gain practical knowledge and skills, which in turn will motivate,
 develop and build their confidence enhancing their technical, communication as well as
managerial skills. This, in turn, builds confidence among them to face all kinds of obstruction
and also helps in job acquisition.

• HIGHLIGHTS OF TRAINING EXPOSURE (AREA, SCOPE) :

• Site 1: - Residential Building, Sawantwadi

• Site 2: - Residential Banglo, Sawantwadi

• Construction process

Construction process of column

Column reinforcement: -
Shoring is a temporary structural system in construction designed to prevent the collapse of
walls, trenches, or entire structures during excavation, demolition, or repairs. It provides
essential stability, enhancing worker safety, streamlining project schedules, and controlling costs
by mitigating the risks of structural failure and soil collapse. Key factors influencing the type of
shoring used include soil conditions, water levels, and the proximity of other buildings.
• Main bar :- 25 mm
• Middle bar :- 25 mm
• Strips :- 8mm @ 150mm c/c

Column reinforcement

Column formwork:-
Column formwork is a temporary structure used to shape and support concrete columns while
they cure. It's essentially a mold that holds wet concrete in place until it hardens. Various
materials like timber, steel, aluminum, and plastic can be used for column formwork, depending
on the project's needs.

Shoring :-

Shoring is a temporary structural system in construction designed to prevent the

collapse of walls, trenches, or entire structures during excavation, demolition, or repairs. It
provides essential stability, enhancing worker safety, streamlining project schedules, and
controlling costs by mitigating the risks of structural failure and soil collapse. Key factors
influencing the type of shoring used include soil conditions, water levels, and the proximity of
other buildings.

Column concreting and casting :-

Column concreting and casting involves erecting sturdy formwork (shuttering), placing
reinforcement bars, and then pouring concrete into the forms to create a strong vertical
structural member. Key steps include accurately aligning the formwork, checking the
reinforcement for correct placement and spacing, and ensuring the formwork can withstand the
pressure of wet concrete. Pouring requires careful methods, like using a hose for taller columns
or creating temporary openings, to prevent concrete segregation and ensure a dense, void-free
final product..

• Formwork material :- plywood and timber, nails, shuttering clamps

• Curing process :- curing with spraying of water
• Concrete grade :- M25
• Concrete ratio :- 1:1:2
• Concreting method :- manual method
• Vibrator :- Vibrator are used and wooden plank are used
• Cement company :- Acc Ahnadi cement, 25 grade

Column casting
 Precautions to be taken during construction of column :-
• Prevention of leakage.

• Prevention of faulty workmanship.

• Proper compaction should be provided.

• Used material mix properly.

• Material should have good quality.

• Formwork should be take clear after removing to avoid moisture on it.

• Main reinforcement and ring of column should be cut as per required length.

• Proper curing process should be provide after removal of formwork.

Slab reinforcement ( steel work ) :-

Reinforcement detailing in slabs involves placing steel bars (rebars) within the concrete to
strengthen the slab and resist tensile stresses. The arrangement of these bars depends on the
slab's support conditions, span direction, and the type of slab (one-way or two-way). Key
aspects include minimum steel percentage, bar spacing, anchorage, and cover.

One way slab

Slab concreting :-
• Slab concreting involves pouring a large, flat layer of concrete to create strong, durable
structural elements like foundations, floors, and roofs. The process includes preparing the
site, placing formwork (for suspended slabs), incorporating steel reinforcement for tensile
strength, pouring the concrete to the correct consistency, leveling and finishing the surface,
and finally, curing the concrete to achieve optimal strength and durability.
• Detailed information about slab :-
• Slab thickness :- 140 mm
• Main bar size :- 10 mm
• Distribution bar size :- 8 mm
• Spacing :-150mm and 200mm
• Concrete grade used :- M25
• Mix proportion used :- 1:1:2
• Mixing method and machine used :- concrete mixer
• Vibrator :- Needle vibrator
• Machine used for material transportation :- concrete lift.
• Total number of workers:- 10 to 15
• Total slab size :- 459 sq.m

Slab concreting

• Precautions taken during slab construction :-

• If the concrete is prepared at site, carefully handle the process of batching, water
content, mixing and testing of fresh concrete.
• Ensure that the beams are primarily cast in layers and compacted properly by vibrators.
• In case of concreting in hot weather, protect the concrete surface by covering with wet
gunny bags at least for 4 – 5 hours.
• Ensure full compaction and complete finishing of the concrete.
• See that concreting is done under skilled supervision. Never leave it to labor on site.
• Start the placement of concrete with adequate manpower, proper equipment, and tools.
• Choose the right concrete mix as per specifications.
• First mix the dry concrete uniformly i.e. cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates
(either manually or in transit mixture) as per predetermined quantity (i.e. batching of
 concrete materials). A good concrete contractor will always mix the dry concrete first.
• Add water as per predetermined quantity only. Always measure the water with
measuring container before adding in concrete.
• Mix the wet concrete thoroughly for around 2 minutes to get the consistent concrete.
• Do the proper compaction to the concrete with a vibrator or wooden tamp to remove air
from the concrete. If compaction is not well, it will create voids/honeycomb in concrete
resulting in leakages from the concrete structure, thereby causing corrosion and also
reducing the strength. This also affects the life of the structure.
• Do proper finishing at joints during concrete construction.
• Do proper curing when the concrete has hardened initially. We have already discussed
different types of curing methods. Start curing after 6 to 10 hours.

Plinth Beam Casting and filling

Plinth beam casting :-
Plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam constructed between the wall
and its foundation. Plinth beam is provided to prevent the extension or propagation of cracks
from the foundation into the wall above when the foundation suffers from settlement. Plinth
beams distributes the load of the wall over the foundation evenly.
• Depth of plinth beam :- 2 feet ( 600mm)

Soil filling procedure :-

• At first the plinth formwork has been removed and checked whether the curing process and
drying of plinth beam is been completed.
• Any obstruction remaining in the plinth such as wooden parts, nails, etc has been removed.
• The cleaned plinth is then filled out with the soil and murum in layers about 8 to 10 inches.
• Each layer is been compacted with use of water and use of steel rod is preferred for pokking
the soil for proper compaction.
• The each layer is carried out using the previous method and raised out till required level.
• Then the compacted soil is let to dry for at least 2 days
• Then the next work comes out of rubble soling of 6 inches which is carried out to provide
firm base by using the rubbles stone( course aggregate of 80 to 100mm) .
• The stones were fixed using rammering method so a hard base was obtained.
• Aging the layer of soil is laid until it gets the required level. And let it dry for 1/2days.
• 3 inch of P.C.C. is apply over the soil and let it dry.

Staircase Designing :-
Staircase design focuses on safety and functionality, balancing the rise (vertical height) (ideally
7-8 inches) with the tread (horizontal depth) (ideally 10-11 inches). Key design considerations
include ensuring adequate headroom (at least 2032mm), appropriate stair width (at least 36
inches in residential buildings), and the necessity of handrails (900-1100mm from the pitch
line). Common types of stairs include straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, spiral, and cantilever, each
offering different aesthetic and space-saving solutions.
• Information about staircase and staircase Designing :-

• Staircase type :- Open newel half turn staircase

• No. Steps in first and second flight :- 6 no.
• No. of steps in third flight :- 6 no.
• Width of stair :- 1200 mm
• Dimension of riser :- 150 mm
• Dimension of tread :- 200 mm
• Dimension of landing :- 126 x 130 mm
• Cement mortar :- proportion 1:1.5:2
• Cement grade :- 53 grade
Plastering work :-
Plaster is a thin layer of mortar applied over the masonry surface and it acts
as a damp-proof coat over the brick masonry work. Plastering also provides a finished surface
over the masonry that is firm and smooth hence it enhances the appearance of the building.
The primary objectives of plastering are to protect the surface from
atmospheric influences, to cover the defective workmanship in masonry, to conceal porous
materials, and to provide a suitable surface for painting.

International plastering :-
The plaster may be applied in one coat for internal surfaces. 1:4 mix proportion
used for mixture of cement mortar. 53 grade cement is used for prepare cement mortar. The
plaster is applied in single coat. The thickness of layer is 12 mm. Proper sieved sand (fine
aggregate) is used.

External plastering :-
Double coat plaster is applied where thickness of plaster is required to be more
than 15 mm or when it is required to get a very fine finish. On external wall to avoid dampness
and protection of wall from rainy water thickness of plaster is increased by plastering work.
On site we observed, cement mortar plaster applied on external wall in double coat
to increase the thickness of protective layer. 1:4 mix proportion used for cement mortar.53 grade
cement is used. The thickness of 1 st coat is 6 to 8mm and thickness and 2 nd coat is 12 mm. After
2 to 4 days of 1st coat 2nd coat is applied.
 External plastering
• Precautions taken during plastering work :-

• Ensure proper bonding between the surface of masonry and plaster.

• All loose material sticking to the masonry should be removed before plastering.

• Mortar joints in the masonry should be raked, and the areas that need to be
plastered should be washed and kept wet.

• The joints should be cleaned by brushing or scrapping with wire brushes.

• The uniform level is tested with plumb-bob before filling the portions between
the screeds.

• Specified cement, sand ratio should be used while making cement mortar.

• The mortar is applied by using wooden floats

• The curing of the wall shall be done after an interval of 3 hrs for 7 days.

• Curing shall be implemented after 24 hrs of plastering work.

• Avoid excess troweling which leads to cracks in the plaster wall surface.

• Too thick layer of plaster should not be applied.

• Material and tools are used :-

• Trowel
• Float
• Plumb bob
• Sponge
 • Ghamela
• Spade
• Fine sieved aggregate
• Cement
• Water

3.4 Tools and Techniques used :-

Manual mixing method :-

To manually mix concrete, first, spread the pre-measured cement and sand on a clean, non-
porous platform and mix them dry until a uniform color is achieved. Next, add the aggregates to
the cement-sand mix and blend them thoroughly. Make a depression in the center of the pile,
pour in about 75% of the water, and then mix the materials by turning them inward with a
shovel. Gradually add the remaining water while continuing to mix until the concrete has a
uniform color and the desired consistency for your project.

Manual mixing method

Literite Strone information

Laterite is a natural, iron and aluminum-rich soil or rock found in tropical regions, known for its
ability to be cut like a brick when moist and then harden to a strong, weather-resistant material
upon drying. Its characteristics, including its reddish-yellow color, unique texture, and eco-
friendly nature, make it an excellent and traditional building material for structures like walls,
forts, and monuments. Laterite is also valuable in agriculture for growing crops and in
infrastructure for roads and embankments.

Lifts
A construction lift, also known as a construction hoist or construction elevator, is a vertical
transportation device used to transport workers, materials, and equipment between different
levels of a construction site, particularly in tall buildings or structures.

Trowel :-
In civil engineering, trowels are versatile hand and power tools used for applying, smoothing,
and finishing materials like mortar, concrete, and plaster. Uses include laying bricks and blocks,
tiling, applying plaster and patches, and creating smooth, durable concrete floors using power
trowels. Different trowel types, such as brick, finishing, margin, and pointing trowels, are
specialized for various tasks, from filling small gaps to smoothing large surfaces..

Wheelbarrow
A wheelbarrow is a versatile tool primarily used for transporting materials, particularly in
gardening, landscaping, and construction. It allows one person to easily move heavy or bulky
loads over short distances, distributing the weight between the wheel and the user's body.
Concrete Mixer
Concrete mixer is machine which mixes the ingredients water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate
and cement to deliver the perfectly mixed concrete.

Circular Saw

A circular saw is a power tool that uses a high-speed rotating, toothed blade to make fast,
straight cuts in various materials like wood, metal, and plastic. It features a base plate, or "shoe,"
that rests on the material and can be adjusted to change the cutting depth and angle for bevel
cuts. Key safety measures include wearing eye and hearing protection, using the correct blade,
ensuring the guard operates freely, and setting the correct blade depth to avoid kickback.
Hoe
Hoe is used to mix the material [Link] is also used to excavate the soil but in this case
the metal plate is provided with acute angle to the wooden handle.

Shuttering plates :-
A shuttering plate, also known as a centering plate or formwork panel, is a temporary mold used
in construction to shape fresh concrete before it solidifies. Typically made from durable materials
like steel, but sometimes aluminum or even wood, these robust, reusable plates provide support
for concrete in slabs, beams, and walls. Key benefits include preventing water leakage for better
concrete strength, ensuring dimensional accuracy and a smooth finish, and offering a cost-
effective alternative to traditional materials.
Size :- 900 mm × 600 mm , thickness 20 to 40 mm.

Shuttering plates

Level water tube :-

A Tube Level is essentially a transparent plastic tube filled up with a column of water. It is used
to transfer a vertical level across a distance. It works based on the principle that water seeks its
own level. When the two ends of the tube are held up, the water surfaces will always rest at the
same vertical plane.
 Level water tube

Shuttering clamps:-

Shuttering clamps are specialized construction tools that hold concrete formwork in place to
ensure the structural integrity and precise shape of a concrete structure during the pouring and
setting process. They prevent the formwork from moving or misaligning due to the weight of the
concrete and are essential for maintaining quality and safety in projects involving beams,
columns, and other concrete elements. Shuttering clamps, also known as Shikanja clamps, come
in various types and sizes, with C clamps for shuttering and rapid clamps being common
examples, all designed to be adjustable and reusable for cost-effectiveness.

Shuttering clamps

Timber props :-

Timber props are temporary supports made of wood, used in construction and mining to hold up
temporary structures like formwork, beams, and slabs, or to reinforce mine roofs. They are
lightweight, versatile, and can be cut to size on-site, making them a cost-effective and flexible
solution for many projects. However, their load-bearing capacity is limited, and they are
susceptible to moisture and fire, requiring careful selection and placement on stable surfaces to
prevent structural failure.

Timber prop

Steel bars :-
Steel bars, commonly known as rebars or reinforcing bars, are essential construction materials
used to strengthen concrete structures. They are typically made from carbon steel and come in
various sizes and types, each with specific applications. Mild steel bars are plain and suitable for
general construction, while deformed steel bars (rebars) have surface deformations for better
bonding with concrete.

Steel bars

Granite stone :-

Granite is hard enough to resist abrasion, strong enough to bear significant weight, inert
enough to resist weathering, and it accepts a brilliant polish. These characteristics make it a very
desirable and useful dimension stone.
Granite is also used as a crushed stone or aggregate. In this form it is used as a base
material at construction sites, as an aggregate in road construction, railroad ballast, foundations,
and anywhere that a crushed stone is useful as fill.
Granite has been used for thousands of years in both interior and exterior applications.
Rough-cut and polished granite is used in buildings, bridges, paving, monuments, and many
other exterior projects. Indoors, polished granite slabs and tiles are used as countertops, floor
tiles, stair treads, and many other practical and decorative features.

Granite stone

Coarse aggregate :-
Coarse aggregates are particulates that are greater than 4.75mm. It will be angular and irregular
shape.

Fine aggregate :-
The size of fine aggregates is defined as 4.75mm or smaller. That is, aggregates which can be
passed through a number 4 sieve, with a mesh size of 4.75mm. Fine aggregates include things
such as sand, silt and clay. Crushed stone and crushed gravel might also fall under this category.
Shuttering plywood
Shuttering plywood, also known as formwork plywood, is a robust, reusable type of plywood
used to create temporary molds for wet concrete in construction. Made from high-density wood
veneers with waterproof adhesives and phenolic film overlays, it is designed to withstand
concrete pressure, moisture, and rough site conditions, providing a smooth and precise finish to
structures like walls, beams, and slabs. Its key features include high strength, durability, water
resistance, dimensional stability, and reusability, making it an essential, cost-effective material
for achieving structural integrity in buildings and bridges.

Laterit Stone
Building Material: Widely used for construction due to its unique hardening property and
availability.
Road Construction: Used as a base material for roads.
Historical Structures: Found in numerous historical buildings and monuments in regions like the
Western Ghats.
Geological Research: Used to understand ancient building techniques and material culture.
Archaeological Studies: Geochemical analysis of laterite can provide insights into past
environments and human activities.

Size :- (12x6x6 inch)

Ultratech Cement

UltraTech Cement Limited is India's largest manufacturer of grey cement, ready-mix concrete
(RMC), and white cement. It's also a significant player globally, with a large production capacity
and extensive operations across India and in other countries like the UAE, Bahrain, and Sri
Lanka. The company is part of the Aditya Birla Group, one of India's largest conglomerates.

Retaining Wall
Retaining walls are essential structures designed to hold back soil or other materials, preventing
erosion, stabilizing slopes, and creating usable spaces on uneven terrain.
A retaining wall holds back soil to prevent erosion, control runoff, and stabilize slopes by
resisting the laterial pressure of the soil. Common material include concrete, stone,wood,and
interlocking blocks. Types include gravity walls. Which use their own weight for stability.
Cantilever walls. Built from reinforced concrete. and sheet pile walls, Which are driven into the
ground.

Retaining wall

Retaining Wall
 [Link] Description

1 Column reinforcement, formwork and concreting.

2 Slab and Column formwork and reinforcement

3 Slab and column casting

4 Plastering work

5 Staircase finishing work

6 Retaining Wall structure

Conclusion

In this Training I have Experience different Type of working pattern of construction work. I
learned how To Make a column and beam formwork how concrete is made and filled in it and
different instruments use for slab construction such as vibrator. In this industrial training I
acquire Industrial Experience and I come to know how work is done on actual site.

Appendix

• Measure tape
• Diary