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Grammatical Structures in Iraqi, Gujarati, Swahili

The document contains exercises in Iraqi Arabic, Gujarati, and Swahili focusing on grammatical relations and sentence structure. Each exercise includes example sentences and questions that prompt analysis of the grammatical systems in the respective languages. The exercises aim to explore how different languages organize and express grammatical relations through structural features.

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Ann Jaison
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11 views3 pages

Grammatical Structures in Iraqi, Gujarati, Swahili

The document contains exercises in Iraqi Arabic, Gujarati, and Swahili focusing on grammatical relations and sentence structure. Each exercise includes example sentences and questions that prompt analysis of the grammatical systems in the respective languages. The exercises aim to explore how different languages organize and express grammatical relations through structural features.

Uploaded by

Ann Jaison
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. Exercise 8.

1: Iraqi Arabic

Adapted from Cowan and Rakusˇan (1998:100)

1. ilwalad yiʃuuf ilbeet. ‘The boy sees the house.’


2. ilwalad yiħibb ilbinit. ‘The boy loves the girl.’
3. ilwalad yiktib ilmaktuub. ‘The boy writes the letter.’
4. ilbinit tiʃuuf ilwalad. ‘The girl sees the boy.’
5. ilbinit tiktib iddaris. ‘The girl writes the lesson.’
6. ilwalad yigi. ‘The boy is coming.’

A. How would you say: ‘The girl loves the boy’ in Iraqi Arabic?
B. Describe the system for organizing grammatical relations in Iraqi Arabic. What kind of system is manifested here? Be sure to consider all structural features that
express grammatical relations.

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2. Exercise 8.2: Gujarati

1 Ramesh pen khəridto həto. ‘Ramesh was buying the pen.’


(male name) pen (fem)
2 Rameshe pen khəridyi. ‘Ramesh bought the pen.’
3 Ramesh awyo. ‘Ramesh came.’
4 Sudha awyi. ‘Sudha came.’
(fem. name)
5 Sudha awti həti. ‘Sudha was coming.’
6 Ramesh awto həto. ‘Ramesh was coming.’
7 Sudhae pen khəridyi. ‘Sudha bought the pen.’

A. What structural features distinguish grammatical relations in Gujarati?

B. What system or systems for organizing grammatical relations does it use? Give evidence for your claims.

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3. Exercise 8.5: Swahili, Safi dialect, part I

David Perlmutter, Mary Rhodes, and Paul Thomas

1. Mtoto alipoteka. ‘The child got lost.’


2. Kitabu kilipoteka. ‘The book got lost.’
3. Watoto walipoteka. ‘The children got lost.’
4. Vitabu vilipoteka. ‘The books got lost.’
5. Mtoto aliona kisu. ‘The child saw a knife.’
6. Mtoto anaona kisu. ‘The child sees a knife.’
7. Mtoto aliona vitabu. ‘The child saw books.’
8. Watoto walileta vitabu. ‘The children brought books.’
9. Wewe ulileta kitabu. ‘You brought a book.’
10. Mimi ninataka vitabu. ‘I want books.’
11. Sisi tulipoteka. ‘We got lost.’
12. Nilipoteka. ‘I got lost.’
13. Aliona visu. ‘He saw knives.’

The use of verb prefixes other than the ones given would be ungrammatical, for example:

14. a. *Mtoto kilipoteka. (‘The child got lost.’)


b. *Mtoto walipoteka.
etc.

The use of no prefix at all would also be ungrammatical.

Give a position-class diagram of the verb based on these data. In the diagram, list and gloss all morphemes.

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