Chapter 1 function

=
(Equation)

Trapie ↓
leaupo

y = 2 (output

f- (
Recap :

↓ If fl : jx-1 find f(B) .

.
3 It f(() = 312+ 5, find f+ (2) ·

x = 3,

f (3) =
5(3) 1 - =
3+5
= 15 -1 Y = 3x + 5 Steel :
change
=
141 f(x) + Y

2" find f (5) Step 2 the subject

:

.
2 If Make x as .
g(()
=
-

x = Y -
5
-

g(5) = 25 3
=
32 Step 3 : < >
- f + 1)
/

Y - x

f ()-
= x -
5

=>
 To find fle
4
:
.

Y =
1
-(2 x) -

makea as subject,

-
Y
- 2
-2
( = 2)
-2
=
-

7
x =
- +2

↓
for +
Recap :
>
-
·
Solve 5-3x = 8
·
Solve (x+ 2)=16 .

-
3x = 8 -
5 (x+2) = ET
30
↓ X
v - =
3

① ② x+ 2 = M6 x +2 =6
- -
+2 4
4x = -

x+ 2 =

~
>
-

L
x = 4 - 2 x = -
4 2
-

&
=3 x = 2 X -
= 6

- -- =

1 =
2 = -
I
3
-

(C =
-
1
1
-1
x
=
-
 Mig
Diagram
11

x= E
-
2, + , 0, 1, 23
Y

#2) =
C
+
; function -
22012

Input <C
~
output f(x)
-
2 7
-
1

- I > 0

8 > 1

I 2 2

2 ( 3

This is called
mapping diagram.

f(x) = >3 -
22x12 g((() : xQ+ I - 21x2

Input SC output f(x) Input( output f(x)

..
-
2 >
- 8 75

- I ) -
7

3 o
8

2
 S
~
curs
Straight line Y 20-1
:

Recap : - x
sketch zx 1
y
· : =
.

Y
-

Step 1 When y =?
e
: (1 = 0,
1
(0, 1)-

Step 2 : When y
: 0, (L =?

2xO +

XII >s

: - A
2 -
(50)
-

= -
3-

=
C 2)- +1

o Sketch y=
g+ /
>2
Y +
Step1 : When <Ep , y = / (0. 1) ~
I
2

↑
Step 2 0 , CL =?
When y
=
:

-
&
0 = x 2+ /

-
I

-i
D
x = I' 3
undefined
 ↑

f()
= 22x2
-

InputI fle)
y
Output
Y 1

G
- For one inputs

> O There is always

&T see
> O one .
output one-to-one

② -

Input output
-

- O O One-too de function

For one output

,

there can be many

g O inputs
two
O O - ~

I
Input output
② many-to-one
8
-

gen :
Est DEs[2

Input

⑧
a

>
output

0
f(U
=

:
① one input, there car

2 -@ be
many output

③
- one-to-many
 &

Eg :
.

- - -

~ -
~ ↑
~ -
-
-

~
- g
t
- >
-

x" =

⑦ one-to-one ② many-to-one
(straight line) I Curre US reciprocal (t))

③ 2[[2 -

255322 th
212

· 25-1
one-to-one 32 v

one-to-one

⑤ 45.
one-to-one
⑥
int
one-to-one

②
c) ⑧x)1
Y 1, 1-

one-to-one
one-to-many
 12 Definition of Function
-

① Domain ; set of values where the function

② Range ; set of =
-values 3 exist !

Y
1
~
4

~
-----

Domain : -
10
Range :
-114014

>
"y
-

---- -I

E g:
.

- Set of >- values

=
-
~
- -

f
(a) Domain : -1 [x[31 (3 ,5)
I
= 5 &
↑

I
(b) f(x) = 2x - 1

f( 1)
-
Subsc : -1

=
2(-1)

-
3
-
- 1

- in
I I
I
↓

Sub >L = 3
· - -
3
f(x) =
2(3)-1 = 5
(-), -
3)
 -315
:
(c) Range

Eg:
.

- - -

G
-

Step 1 : create

table
1 : / : /.03/ 45,

Step 2 :
Draw graph f()
1
+3
=
(-2)"
fas
20,9
-

*
o "'Is >
x

()
② (closed-ranges
 Eg
:
.

-
-

Ou closed domade

Step 1 :
2/i I
Construct table

f(()

Step 2 :
Sketch f
3)
1
-

-
10

** X
10 =

-
y
-

8 -

6 -

-
4-

- 6-

Range of f : -62() [10

=
Eg
.

: x= 30 , 1 , 213 ...
-
3

O
-
O

table
Step 1 Create
:
a

I
I

F
~

Step 2
: Sketch the graph :
g(x) = ((2 +2
g(x) isnoe

Olga
-
0= g(x))
-

>
⑧
30
 - - 0 .

S
-

9
-
x 3- 0 .
5

Step 1 Construct
:

a table

:
x

Step 2 sketch
:
In o more
an n

2 -5

+ 1)

↑
(2)
f(SL) =

+(
Ezo, X

- Range of fills :

-
-
50 +1) = 1
↑
-

5X

3
i ·
I
!
fi5
( 2 -5)
-

, -- 10

--
 1.3 : Composite Functions
-

when you have two or more functions!

Function 1 : g()
=
2x 3 Function 2 : fly =
x+ 5

EXAMPLE
: This is composition functive

①i

fg(x)
G
Eg: .

O
-
2(2)
Step 1 : Do
=
92) !
0730
g(z) = (2)" - 1 = 3

Step 2 : put 3 into f !

f(z) =
2(3) + 3
=
9,
Eg :
.

gf()
-
②
2
f(5) =
(5) - 1

=
25 =1 =
24

9(24) = 2(24) +3
=
48 + 3 = 51
/
-
-

Eg
: .

Note * (2)
E
>
-

f f(z)
-J-53
24
f (3) = (3+ 2)2 1 -

:
f(24) = (24+2) 2-1

=
 Eg :.

write down the expression :

18
0
90Q =2 + 5
-
2
9((
+) =
(2x) 1)
-
+5

E g
(a) (b)

At
f(x5) = 2 (x2 + 5) - 9 (2x 1)
-
= I
(2x 172 + 5
-
- v

~ 1 *S
= 2x2 + 10
-
(2x 1) (2x 1) +5
=
-
-

#
= 2x2 + 9- =
4x2 2x 2x + 1 +5
- -

=
=
4x2 -
4x + 6

=
(2x 1) (2x 1)
- -

-
=
() + 24 >
- =
4x2 - 2x -
2x + 1

f(x) =
2
.
f (2x 1)
- = 2(2x-1) = /

= 4x 3 -
~
=
 E g:
.

>
-

x =? What is

Step 1 :
Find expression.

·
>
-

--

Step 2 : Since gt() =

5
,

*
1) E5] .
(1 3x)
-

Solve x,

Al

!
15x = 5 - 10

= -
5 DC = 2
-
① ②
5

·
15x =
-

x
-5 :
=

15
 -
13
.

Composite Function

S is anumber !
Main
(Ct IR F1 1- : This is an example

Eg
:.

Domain
↑
of complex no !

- --
-
QQ3 ~
O -
v

- >
-
Q ~
Domain

Step 1 Construct
:
diagram of fybe)

g(l)
Step 2 : Identify the domains g(s))

(EIR x) 4
-
~

u
Step 3 : Since we put gys) into fill) ,
change

fromto gly !

·
XtIRv
-

seeim -

to
need
no
write!
Domain : g(() <8

·
-
KEIR
-
, -
(2)4 8 -

3 Step 4: Replace gby with

- 964 = 8- 1
-

line ovenap
Check
* no,

·
- 16 Lx

Final domain :ER ,

--
 :To findun
Step ase

rese

g() = 8 -

fg(l) = (8-2) + 4 Lowest

-
Lfgel 2 Highest
~

>
4
-

~
Ego x

>
-
20....

4 Lfg(4

Range of fy(c) :
fg() > 4
-
- -

E g:
.
(C) 20
- -

C f((x)) -
8
-
S

+ IRV g(x) -13

x)6 Gij < D
K >
-
g() - f(x)

xtIR G(x2) [0
-
x)6

(320
I
10
10
6

Domain :
KEIR , 20 , (C) 20

=>

Range : Eg(x) =
(10-12-9

0I 2 j .
.

>
-

Range
fa)-
:
Eg:
.

- - -

g(x) tIR
EIR v
F-2
x+ 0 V

(4)
+x)

37 - 2x

~
Domain : KEIR
,
(20
,
1 + -
 1 4: Modulus Function
.

4
withoutsign a
Magnitude of the number ,

- -

Size

Eg
: Modulus of 4) :
3
.

absolute
value
Modulus of -
4 =4) :

④ ④
Input
x= 4

>
-
v
>
-

distance of
modulus

4
-
for zen
- is the absolute value.
--

I
11
a >
012'4
I I

-4 -
3 -2 -

ES
. : Solve the following modulus function

(a) (2x + 1) = 5
mus
↑
modulus absolute
function value

Step1 :
Put I in front of modulus function.

112x+ 11 = 5

* Step 3 : Check

M
ans.

Step 2 : Separate (2x + 11 = 5

-

+ (2x+1) = 5 or -
(2x+1) = 5 Subs = 2) Sub( = -
3

- -
2x+ 1 = 5 -
2x -
1 = 5 (2(2) +1) = 5 (2( 3) +1)
- = 5

6 5 1 -
5) = 5
4
(5)
2x
.
= -
2x = =

x = 2v x -
=
3 5 = 5
- - 5 = 5 (LH S. =
RH)
-
-
CL H S - . = R H S)
. -
 -

(b) = (4x 3) - = x *
Checking
Subx = , Sub = 35
+ (4x -
3) = C -
(4x -
3) = 14(1) 3) - = /
14(3) 3) = -

-
> -
4x 3 = x- -
4x + 3 = C 11) = /
1-3) :
E
im

4x
=
-
3 =
- 3 3 =
x+ 1HS
. - : R H 3
- ·

x = 1 - 3 = 5x

E
-

CL H S
.
. = R H S)
.
.

~
-

=/(2 -
10) = 6

+ 12 -
10% 6 or - (112-10) = 6

-
2
16 x2 + 10 = 6
x =
-

x = = # fxz + 4 =

x = 14 x =
x = 4
: - 4 x =
12
- /
x =
2, - 2

1(x 3)
↓in
(d) - = 2x

(x 3) - =
2) -
(x 3)
- = 21 1 6
- = 6

~
x 3 - = 2x -
x+3 = 2x

- 3x +3
-
3 = x =
kit

: x x1 =
=
31 +
-

,
-
crejected/
 line/Straight line
-
1 5
.
Graphs of
Linear Modulus Function

Say, Consider f= 1 or , T

Y y= +C
~

T
=
y-
(x) y
=

y = &

y 3

Eg :
.

(=0
y= 0
1
y ((0) = - Ex /
-
=
0 = -

(0, -1) Ex = 1

Step1 : Sketch y =
Ex- x=2
Y
(2, 0)
A

-
= Ex
y
Step 2 : Draw ly1 .

- Step 3 : use lotted line to represent negative region.

Try .
yourself Sketch :

2x
y 10 -
=

(= 0
y = ,
0

2() = 10
y 10 2x = 0
= 10 - -

21 = -
10
(2010) -
-

x =
5

*
(5, 8)
-

2x)
-

/10
y
=

-
 -
[K(2 -
7x + 6) = 6 - x

+ (x2 =
xx + b) = 6 - x or
=
(x2 xx+ 6)
-
6 = - x
- --
x2 -
xx + 6 = 6 -x - x2 + 7x
-
6 =
6 x -

-
0 = x2 -
7x x +6 + 6
-

*
- = 0

) = o Quadratic Factorisation

~ (x -
6((x -
2) = 0
- >

x 6 0
-
-- /
=
x= j ~
-

7 6 6X2

-
0
:
12 = or -6 x-2
x :
, -
+

= o

x -
6 = 5 or 1-2 = 0

x= 6 x =
2
-

-
=0. x= % . x= 2 ,
 1 6
.
: InverseFunction

normal fx) >

-
on

-
Input ② output
⑨ Terbalik
-- -
"reverse

f+() >
-
Inverse function

normal

Input

output
f(x)

Y
x
function

>
Inverse
fu(x)

Input

output
function

<

y
*

Eg :
Important Y fl) =

miss

-
M

y f(x)
=

-
1911III'
Recap : Find the inverse function : = 5x-2.

a
Y = 5x -
2

Make<as subject
5x =
y+2

T
x =

i o(
1
=
 E g:.

& -
-
z
&G
+

(a) :+
-
5

*
=
y =
(4+ 5) (e) =

1
2
(Y+ 5) = x+

x = (i + 5)2 -
1 :
f+ b
: Ki
,
>
-
-1

(bD +(o) = -
5

f(35) : 1

f- k)) = 1

(x+ 5)2 - 1 =

(x + 5)02
x+ 5
= E
-
X+ 5 = 11 1442
.
...
(2 -
5
----

Y Y
S

111
x+ 5 11442 X+ 5 -
= 1 1442
.

-
2 14
.
-

5 8
X =
-
3 . 8558 X =
-
6 1442
.

X
= -
3 86 ,
. v X = -
6 14
-

, crejected)
(3 Sof) (3 soft
Eg :
.

(a) = (x -
4) + 5 (b) )(0)
= =
16 +5 = 2)

↓ f ( () = f(0)
-

Y =
(X 4)2 +5
-

(x -
48 T 5
- x 4=2 +

- EX5 = 17

- 4.
=
F5
↓ Y
x = F5 + 4

(+5) =
(7)2) x5) (i) - =

-
(i)
: + 4
,
-
x -
5 = 289
X
=
294
=

Eg .
:

&
T
>
- Find g -
(2) .

~ Y =
2x + 3

Y 3
- = 2x

x = Y 3 -

z
g(x2 +2) =
2((2 + 2) +3
-
()
g
13
=
2x2 + 7 - :. =

(D
11
+
g =

-
g f(x) ((7)
=
g

2x2 + 7 = 0:
22
C
=
.
 E.g :

main &
f(s)) f ()
-

Empate
[Domain)
a Input
(Domain)

~ output f(x) > output of(C)

(Range) (Range)
O

f+ () ! 0
m

crange of inverse

E gi
.

O
domain of gol
↓ >
->

# O
Range of f(x) Domain of g(L)
-

f(x) = (2 +2 ; (20 o

%
↓

g 20 or g"()30
-
fx)]2
↓
22
 Domain

·
Sample Exam Question :

- ~
-

- C
- - -
W

cis) a
Range of fe) : -0 .
236 <f 1 2 /
(ii)
= 2-

Y =2-

Y z = -
N
+5 cost5) Conits)
.

-
-

(i 2D2
- =
C- 5 2

(i 2)- = x +5

: ( = <Y 2)-
2 -
5 f(x) f (b)
-

-
X main
f+ k 2)2 5 52x0 Domain [Se+ of (c)
x
- -

,
- 0 .
2362f22 Range ,

Domain of f -(() : - 0 .
236212 /

Range of -(1) : -
51f + (2) L0