Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences

Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 8 [11] October 2019 : 78-87
©2019 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India
Online ISSN 2277-1808
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Identification and Documentation of Ethnomedicinal Plants

Used by Tribal People of Ranchi District, Jharkhand
Kanchan Kumar Suman1, S. G. Abbas1, K. Kumar1, Bijay Kumar Singh2 and P. R. Oraon2
1Department of Forest Product & Utilization, 2Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Faculty of
Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University,
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Email: [Link]@[Link]

ABSTRACT
This survey was conducted in Ranchi district and its surrounding villages in order to determine the useful plants
consumed for different ethnobotanical purposes such as animal fodder, ornamental plants, good, fuel and dye by the
local people living in the area. The survey was conducted in the year 2015-16. The present study exposed that total 63
medicinal plants species belonging to 37 families in this area. In between 63 medicinal plants reported in area maximum
9 plants from Fabaceae family followed by 7 from Malvaceae and minimum 1 plants found from each of the families such
as Acanthaceae, Mimosoideae, Uglyhuridthis and Nyctaginaceae. The remaining each of the 24 family’s single plant was
found. Out of reported 63 medicinal plants, 29 species were plants followed by 24 trees and minimum shrub 01. Hence,
the plants in terms of number of species 46.03 % as these are abundant and frequently found in their surroundings.
Key words: Ethnobotanical, Documentation, Ranchi, Medicinal plants, Trees

Received 28.06.2019 Revised 22.07.2019 Accepted 21.09. 2019

INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants are presently in demand and their acceptance is increasing progressively. Undoubtedly,
plants play an important role by providing essential services in ecosystems. Without plants, humans and
other living organisms cannot live in a way living should be. Anyway, herbals especially medicinal herbs
have constantly acted as an overall indicator of ecosystem health [9]. India has one of the richest plant
medical traditions in the world. It is the tradition that is of remarkable contemporary relevance for
ensuring health security to the teeming millions. There are estimated to be around 25,000 effective plants
based formulations are used in flock medicine and are known to rural communities in India. There are
over 1.5 million practitioners of traditional medicinal system using medicinal system using medicinal
plants in preventive, promotional and curative application. It is estimated that there are over 7800
medicinal drug manufacturing units in India, which consume about 2000 tonnes of herbs annually
Ramakrishnappa [10]. Medicinal plants are used for treatment because they have certain properties,
including synergistic actions. The constituents of the plant may interact with each other, and this
interaction can be beneficial for both or adverse to either of them or eliminate the harmful effects of both.
Plant-derived compounds can dramatically improve hard-to-treat illnesses, such as cancer. Plant
components are also characterized by their ability to prevent the development of certain diseases. The
toxicity and adverse effects of conventional and allopathic medicines have also been important factors in
the sudden increase in population demands and increase in the number of herbal drug manufactures as
well as a reduction in the use of chemical drugs Rasool [7]. The use of plants and plant products as
medicines could be traced as far back as the beginning of human civilization [7]. They are considered as
the backbone of traditional medicine and are widely used to treat a plethora of acute and chronic diseases
ranging from the common cold to complex human diseases all over the world [4]. Many higher plants are
sources of natural products used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavour and fragrance ingredients,
food additives, and pesticides [1]. In the Mediterranean region local, orally transmitted knowledge about
the uses of plants as medicine and food appears to be declining, mainly as a result of the ongoing socio-

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structural changes in Ranchi district of Jharkhand. Several workers in India have also explored various
areas and studied different tribes by documenting the indigenous knowledge of ethnobotaney uses of
plants [2, 3, 5, 11, 12].

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The Jharkhand state being the land of Lord Baidyanath; known as natural sanctuary of spiritual, cultural
and herbal heritage in India. The state of Jharkhand lies between latitude 22⁰00 to 24⁰ 37 N and longitude
83⁰ 15 to 87⁰ 01 E. and well known due to tribal populations, mineral rich region, tropical dry deciduous
forests etc. The total population of the state is 26.91 million of which the rural population constituted
77.80% while the schedule tribe constituting 22.50 %. The tribals, forest dwellers and rural people have a
rich oral tradition of native and ethnic knowledge about ambient vegetation and forests. A large number
of tribal communities like Santhal, Paharia (Sauria Paharia, Mal Paharia etc), Oraon, Munda, Kol, Kharwar,
Ho, Asur, Baiga etc. The tribes collect and utilized various herbs, roots, rhizomes, tubers, flowers, fruits,
leaves and seeds of many useful plants for meeting their day to day needs and health care from the
surrounding forest areas [10]. The data was collected from the predesigned questionnaire as designed by
Tiwari [12] with create in modification by the village survey and filling the data by personal contact with
villagers and local practitioners as well as visit of adjoin forest area to survey the medicinal plants and
their status in two blocks namely Angara and Namkum located in Ranchi district. By using questionnaire
survey format data will be all a sampling intensity of 10 or 20 % by selecting individual on random basis
each village and information was recorded. The villagers are uses of medicinal plants are different disease
cure to gadder the forest area and use of primary treatment use by the villagers.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The herbal medicinal plant practiced in the study area presented in the table 1 which includes local name,
botanical name, family, habits, plants parts used in diseases and method of herbal formulation & their use
by traditional healers. The present study revealed that a total of 63 medicinal plants species belonging to
37 families.

Table 1: List of Medicinal Plant found for treatment in tribal farmers

S. Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit Plant parts used Method of herbal
No in Diseases formulation & their
use by traditional
healers.
1 Adharakh Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Plant Modified root Patient daily take the
(cough, fiver 1 – 2 cup juice for 2 –
khansi) 3 days.
2 Arhar Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Plant Leaf (mouth Leaves powdered is
infection) kept on the infected
parts of mouth
3 Arjun tree Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Tree Bark (Blood Arjun bark powdered
pressure and form and taken daily
gathiya disease) 1 – 2 times with
water for 4 – 5 days.
4 Bhirgi kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Plant Root Root powdered and
(pneumonia, mixed with honey is
cancer) given to patient for
Pneumonia- 3-4 days
Cancer-15 days as
reported by villagers.
5 Dumbar plant Liquidambar Altingiaceae Plant Latex Dumber plant
styraciflua (Madi babasir) secretes milky latex,
milk are like a gondh
so daily 1 – 7 day
lagne se thik ho jata
hai.
6 Garlic Allium sativam Amarykkidaceae Plant ganth Garlic 3-4 ganth are
(Lahsun) boile and taken it
daily 4-5 times for
relief in caugh.
7 Jamun Syzygium cumini Myrtacea Tree Seed + badam + Jamun seed, badam
shoot and gurmar shoot are
Disease – Sugar made in powdered
and taken daily with

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milk/ water 2 -3
times for 1 month.

8 Kalmegh Andrograpis Acanthaceae Herb Whole plant Kalmegh are boiled

paniculata Disease – stone, and taken daily at
Blood purifier morning for 15 days
to cure the disease.
9 Karanj plant Milletta pinnata Fabaceae Plantae Branch (datwan) Karanj datum used
for bleeding gum and
bad odour of mouth.
10 Lajwanti plant Mimosa pudica Mimosoideae Plant Whole plant Lajwanti plat crushed
(Khuni babasir) and take daily one
time 3 – 4 days.
11 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae Plant Bark (Stone Mahua bark are
disease) boiled 3 – 4 lit. Water
7 – 8 hr. one tea
spoonful taken in
empty stomach daily
for 15 - 18 days.
12 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Tree Leaf + narial oil Neem leaf powdered
or Karanj oil and mixed with
Disease – Itches. coconut oil or karanj
oil and use for 15
days.
13 Patter chatta Bryophyllum Uglyhuridthis Plant Whole plant + Patter chatta and
pinnatum kurthi (pathri kurthi dal are boiled
disease) and its water is taken
daily to dissolve
kidney stress.
14 Rangani plant Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae Plant Fruit + seed Dried seed are
crushed and mixed
with mustard oil and
taken like hukka and
cigarette.
15 Satawar Asparagus Asparagaceae Climbing Root (sexual Root powder + silajit
racemosus plant disease) + mahasangam bhang
given to patient for 4-
5 days
16 Shesham Dalbergia sisoo Fabaceae Tree Leaf + Aloe vera Sheesam leaf
Aloe vera gel + misri powdery form, Aloe
Plant vera gel, are mixed
with little misri and
taken daily for 1- 2
week, Reported to
cure cancer.
17 Sundhari Heritiera fomes Malvaceae Plant Fruit Sundari fruit
plant (sexual powdered and mixed
disorders) with misri and taken
twice a day for 1 – 2
months.
18. Khajur Phoenix Arecaceae Tree Khajur – Gond. Khajur gond taken
dactylifera Disease – Bone, with milk for 1 week
Menstrual cycle. can cure disease. Also
called as chuhara
gond.
19. Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae Tree Babool – Pod. Babool pod are dried
Disease – & powdered given 1 –
Gsatric. 2 spoonful daily for 5
– 7 days.
20. Aonla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae Tree Aonla – Leaf, Aonla leaf powder or
Fruit. fruit juice given 2 – 3
Disease – times daily for 1
Digestion, sugar, week.
gastric problems.
21. Palash Butea Fabaceae Plant Plash – Seed, Plash dried seed
monosperma Flower. powder taken daily
Disease – morning for 1 week

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 Suman et al

Vomiting, and flower are

wound, effect of crushed and paste in
burning in body use on the body to
due to sun relive burning
strock. sensation.
22. Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Plant Tulsi – Leaf Tulsi leaves boiled in
Caugh, Fever & water and 3-4 raw
Potency. leaves are given to
chew five times a day.
1g seeds 2-3 times
chewing for 1months
increase potency.
23. Kali Musli Cruculigo Hypoxidaceae Plant Kali Musli – Root. Kali musli root
orchioides Disease – powdered are given
Potency, night with milk for 1 week.
fall.
24. Bargad Ficus benghalensis Rutaceae Tree Bargad – Bark, Bargad bark burnt
Latex. along with ghee & put
on the wound taking
milky latex with
batasha or sugar
increase potency.
25. Aloe – Vera Aloe - Vera Liliaceae Plant Aloe – Vera – Aloe – Vera gel nd
Leaf (gel) misri are mixed and
Disease – cough, taken for 5 – 6 day &
burning part of gel are mixed with
the body, liver, haldi used in burned
etc. part of the body.
26. Beng saag Centella asiatica Apiaceae Plant Bang saag – leaf Beng saag powdered
Disease – sun mixed with misri and
stroke, jaundice, take daily morning
appetizer. for 1 week & past
applied on the body.
27. Harjora Cissus Malvaceae Tree Harjora – whole Harjora, turmeric and
quadrangularis plant. colocacia are mixed &
Disease – joints powdered and then
of bone. used on fractured
portion of the bone
for 15 – 20 days.
28. Okara or Ban Abelmoschus Malvaceae Plant Okara – Root Okara root are cut in
Bhindi esculentus Disease – small pieces and
Jaundice. soaked in water and
taken daily morning
for 5 -6 days.
29. Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree Sal - Leaf Sal, Guava, Jamun,
Disease – Mango, leaf are made
Dysentery. in powder form and
taken with water 1-2
times daily for 1
week.
30. Bhumi amla Phyllanthus niruri Phyllanthaceae Plant Bhumi amla – Bhumi amla are
Whole plant crashed & mixed with
Disease – sugar and milk and
Jaunice, itches, taken, root of Bhumi
burning amla with Arwa rice
sensation in are salt & used for 1 –
urinary tract, 2 times for 15 days to
apitizer & cure the disease.
healing of
wound.
31. Brahmi Baccopa monniera Plantaginaceae Perennial Brahmi – Whole Brahmi panchang
herb plant taken daily 1 -2 spoon
Disease – Brain with ½ spoon ghee
tonic, Histeria, taken after meal, and
Insomia. to store this product
brahmi juice & milk
are boil for ½ hr and
mixed with ghee and

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taken daily 1 spoon

after meal for 20
days.
32. Muchkund or Pterospermum Malvaceae Tree Muchkund – Muchkund flower
Kanak acerifolum Flower soaked in water at
champa Disease - night & in the
Jaundice morning put in nostril
for 10 day to cure the
disease.
33. Pipli, Piper longum Piperaceae Plant Pipli – Fruit Pipli + black piper+
Disease – Cough, soanth are powdered
asthma, night , taken 2 – 3 pinch
fall, Fiver with honey in the
stomach pain. morning for 5 – 6
days for adult & taken
2 – 3 spoon for child
in milk/ water.
34. Punarnava Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Prostrating Punarnava – Punarnava juice taken
on the Whole plant. 2 – 3 spoon daily &
ground Disease – Low root powder mixed
sometimes B.P, Weakness, with honey or milk
erect Menstrual cycle, for 2 – 3 times for 15
jaundice, kalazer, days to cure the
cough, stomach disease.
pain, rapid.
35. Sanyai putti Aplectrum Orchidaceae Herb Sanyaiputti – Sanyaiputti dried leaf
hyemale Leaf powdered taken 2 – 3
Disease – spoon with
Stomach pain, Milk/Water 1 – 2
vomiting & lose times daily for 1
motion. week.
36. Anjan Hardwickia binata Fabaceae Tree Anjan – Seed. Anjan seed powder
Disease – Night given daily with
fall, weakness, milk/water up to 15
burning days to cure the
sensation in disease.
urinary tract.
37. Ashwagandha Withania Solanaceae Plant Ashwagandha – Ashwagandha
somnifera Whole plant. panchang plant
Disease – powder given with
Burning milk daily 2 – 3 times
sensation in for 15 days.
urinary tract,
night fall,
weakness.
38. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Tree Bel – Fruit, Bel pulp given daily
Leaves. and 5 – 6 leaves taken
Disease – daily for 1 week to
Vomiting, cure the disease.
Burning
sensation in
urinal tract,
stomach pain,
piles, jaundice &
ulcer.
39. Safed Musli Chlorophytum Liliaceae Herb Safed Musli – Safed musli peeled off
borivillianum Root. root powder is mixed
Disease – Night with milk and given
fall, weakness. 15 days, 5 – 10 gm in
one glass of milk.
40. Sataver Asparagus Asparagaceae Climbing Sataver – Root. Shataver root powder
racemosus plant Disease - Night mixed with milk or
fall, weakness, water and given daily
shwet pradar & 1 – 2 times for 15
leucorhhia. days.

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41. Amrita Tinospora Menispermaceae Herb Amrita – Whole Amrita herb used in
cordifolia plant. powder from and
Disease – T.B. given in the morning
Fiver, weakness, for 15 days and
Asthma, Itching amrita shoot are cut 1
and sugar. -2 inch and boil with
water, this boiled
water are taken in
morning for 15 days.
42. Behera Terminalia Combretaceae Tree Behera – Seed Behera seed
bellirica Disease – powdered are given
Weakness, daily 1 – 2 times for
analgesic & 15 days as cure the
cough. disease.
43. Konch Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Climber Konch – seed. Konch seed powdered
Disease – Night 1 -2 spoon mixed
fall, weakness, with milk/ water and
headache, taken daily for 15
general vigour days to cure disease.
and vitality.
44. Paneer bandh Withania Solanaceae Tree Paneer – Fruit. 2 – 3 paneer fruit mix
coagulans Disease – with water at night
Diabetic. and taken daily in the
morning for 1 month.
45. Sajana or Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Tree Munga – Leaf, Munga leaf powdered
Munga Fruit. taken daily 2 – 3
Disease - spoon water & fruit
are taken directly,
chewed and taken for
1 week.
46. Salam panja Dactylorhiza Orchidaceae Perennial Salampanja – Salampanja laef
hatagirea herb Leaf powder mixed with
epiphyte Disease – misri is given 2 – 3
weakness, night times daily for one
fall. week.
47 Black Mustard Brassica nigra Cruciferacea Plant Black Mustard – Black Mustard oil and
Seed Garlic are heated for 1
Disease – Body – 2 minute and used
pain, headache, on body parts as pain
Burning parts of reliever.
the body. And also used in urine
problem of child
black mustard oil
used for cleaning of
wax of the Ear.
48 China Rose Hibiscus rosa Malvaceae Plant China rose – China rose flower are
Flower. crushed and mix with
Disease – Night misri and taken daily
fall, Weakness. 2 – 3 times for 1
week.
49 Duddhi grass Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Herb Duddhi grass – Duddhi grass and
whole Plant boiled rice are cooked
Disease – in water and then
Vomiting, lose wrapped in Sal leaves
motion. and the drained water
is used to cure the
loose motion and
vomiting.
50 Beetal (paan) Piper betal Piperaceae Climber Paan – leaf Paan leaf and Banana
Disease – Dog shoot, kali mirch are
bite. powdered and mixed
with misri taken 15 –
16 times.
51 Nag Kunda Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae Small Tree Nag kuda – Leaf Nagkuda leaf are boil
alternifolia Disease – skin, and mixed with ghee
wound. and used on the
wound portion daily 1
– 2 times.

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52 Joundish Sesbania Fabaceae Tree Joundish phool – Fruit & Flower are
phool grandiflora Fruit, flower. crushed with water
Disease – during night and used
Joundish, in the morning 1 – 3
Vomiting. day to cure the
disease.
53 Minjur gori Celrodendrum Lamiaceae Shrub Minjur gori – Minjur gori + Kunjori
infortunatum Bark root are powdered
Disease – T.B. and mixed with misri
and taken daily 3
times for 1 week.
54 Saman jori Albizia saman Mimosaceae Tree Saman jori – Saman jori + Palti are
Bark, Leaf. powdered and mixed
Disease – Mirgi with sugar/misri
(Epilepsy). taken daily 1 -2 times
for 1 month.
55 Amarbeal Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae Plant Amarbeal – seed, Amarbeal bark, seed
bark. +Neem leaves +seeds
Disease – of Cassia tora
Stomach pain, (Charota) are
jaundice. powdered and taken
daily with Milk/water
for 15 days.
56 Banmethi Sida acuta Malvaceae Plant Banmethi – Leaf Banmethi leaf paste is
Disease – Body applied on body to
pain cure body pain for 2 -
3 hours.
57 Bakin Melia azadirachta Meliaceae Plant Bakin – fruit Bakin fruit is ground
Disease – into paste and mixed
headache, with honey to use
toothache, daily 1 -2 times for 1
week to cure disease.
58 Bija sal Pterocarpus Fabaceae Tree Bija sal – Gum Bija sal gum are
marsupium Disease – mixed with honey and
Toothache, applied to cure
Earache. toothache problem
for 3 – 4 days. and
also used the Hara
seed powdered to use
brush to cure the
wound & bleeding of
mouth parts.
59 Buch Acorus calamus Acoraceae Plant Buch – Rhizomes Buch Rhizomes are
Disease – Liver collected dried and
disorders powdered are
consumed with water
for 15 days.
60 Kali Haldi Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Plant Kali Haldi – The pest prepared
Rhizome from rhizome of Kali
Ddisease – Haldi is applied
Asthma, cold, externally on lungs
cough. and affected parts to
cure asthma for 1
months.
61 Semul Bombax ceiba Malvaceae Plant Semul – Bark, Semul + moringa leaf
Leaf, flower, are crushed and pest
seed. is prepared then this
Disease – Snake pest is applied on
bite. Urinary wounds caused by
infection, snakebite to relief 1 –
menstrual 2 hours. and also used
disorders. as a Kapok .
Tribal use root
decoction prepared
from semul
+Curculigo orchioides
(Kali musli) is filterd
by a piece of cloth and

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50 ml of this
preparation is given
twice a day for period
of 10 -15 days for
cure infection.
62 Tikhur Curcuma Zingiberaceae Plant Tikhur – Root, Tikhur + solanum
angustifolia stem, tuber, and torvam (Ringi) plant
leaves. are powdered and
Disease – Bone pest is prepared and
Fracture applied the fracture
portion of the body
for 2 -3 times daily
for 1 -2 months.
63 Mango Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Mango – Fruit Unripe Mango fruit
Disease – sun pulp are mixed with
strock. water & taken daily
and mango past
applied for 3 – 5
days.

Out of 63 medicinal plants reported in the present paper maximum 9 plants were from Fabaceae family
followed by 7 from Malvaceae and minimum 1 plants from each of the families such as Acanthaceae,
Mimosoideae, Uglyhuridthis and Nyctaginaceae. The remaining each of the 24 families possesses single
plant only in table 2.
Table2: List of family of Medicinal Plant found in tribal farmers
Sl. no. Name of family Number of species
1. Acanthaceae 1
2. Acoraceae 1
3. Altingiaceae 1
4. Amarykkidaceae 1
5. Anacardiaceae 1
6. Apiaceae 1
7. Apocynaceae 1
8. Arecaceae 1
9. Asparagaceae 2
10. Combretaceae 2
11. Convolvulaceae 1
12. Cruciferacea 1
13. Dipterocarpaceae 1
14. Euphorbiaceae 2
15. Fabaceae 9
16. Hypoxidaceae 1
17. Lamiaceae 2
18. Liliaceae 2
19. Malvaceae 7
20. Meliaceae 2
21. Menispermaceae 1
22. Mimosaceae 1
23. Mimosoideae 1
24. Moringaceae 1
25. Myrtacea 1
26. Nyctaginaceae 1
27. Nyctaginaceae 1
28. Orchidaceae 2
29. Phyllanthaceae 1
30. Piperaceae 2
31. Plantaginaceae 1
32. Rutaceae 2
33. Sapindaceae 1
34. Sapotaceae 1
35. Solanaceae 2
36. Uglyhuridthis 1
37. Zingiberaceae 3

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Out of reported 63 medicinal plants, 29 species were plants followed by 24 trees and minimum shrub 01.
Hence, the plants in terms of number of species 46.03 % as these are abundant and frequently found in
their surroundings.

Table 3: Nature of habit of Medicinal Plant

Sl. No. Nature of Habit Number of species
1. Plant 29
2. Tree 24
3. Herb 08
4. Shrub 01
5. Climber 04

CONCLUSION
The study of ethnomedicinal plants in traditional management of human ailments indicates that the study
area is rich in its medicinal plant composition and the associated indigenous knowledge. The wide uses of
these medicinal plants indicate that there is good consensus on the effectiveness of their medicinal
properties. The traditional medicinal plants are central to the rural cultures. People are knowledgeable
about the plants, their distribution, use, and conservation. Indigenous practices somehow contributed to
the sustained use, management and conservation of medicinal plants. This is further buffered by cultural
and spiritual practices. Traditional medicinal plants are harvested largely from wild stands and in small
proportion from cultivated plants for various purposes. Moreover, most medicinal plants were reported
to have other use values in addition to their medicinal use, such as fodder, wild edible plants (food),
hygienic and perfuming use, live fencing, fuel wood and charcoal, rituals use, construction etc.

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CITATION OF THIS ARTICLE

Ekta, Manju Mehta, Parveen Sharma. A study on challenged and problems faced by working women in Hisar. Bull. Env.
Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 8 [11] October 2019: 78-87

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