DATA PROCESSING YEAR 11 180

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ON SQL COMMANDS

1. SQL stands for
A. Structured Question Language
☑️B. Structured Query Language
C. System Query List
D. Simple Query Language
2. The SQL command used to retrieve data is
A. UPDATE
☑️B. SELECT
C. DELETE
D. DROP
3. Which command is used to insert new records?
A. APPEND
☑️B. INSERT
C. ADD
D. PUT
4. Which keyword is used to remove duplicate values?
A. UNIQUE
☑️B. DISTINCT
C. ONLY
D. SPECIAL
5. The command used to change existing data is
A. ALTER
☑️B. UPDATE
C. MODIFY
D. CHANGE
6. The command used to delete a table from a database is
A. ERASE TABLE
B. REMOVE TABLE
☑️C. DROP TABLE
D. DELETE TABLE
7. Which clause sorts data?
A. SORT BY
B. GROUP BY
☑️C. ORDER BY
D. FILTER BY
8. Which SQL statement creates a database table?
☑️A. CREATE TABLE
B. MAKE TABLE
C. NEW TABLE
D. BUILD TABLE
9. The WHERE clause is used to
☑️A. Filter records
B. Sort records
C. Join tables
D. Delete a table
10. Which operator is used for pattern matching?
A. =
B. <>
☑️C. LIKE
D. MATCH
11. Which SQL command removes all records but keeps the structure?
☑️A. TRUNCATE
B. DELETE
C. DROP
D. REMOVE
12. The symbol used for selecting all columns is
A. #
B. @
☑️**C. ***
D. %
13. Which command changes the structure of a table?
A. MODIFY
☑️B. ALTER TABLE
C. RENAME
D. UPDATE
14. SQL command used to delete specific records
A. TRUNCATE
☑️B. DELETE
C. DROP
D. CLEAR
15. Which clause groups rows having same values?
A. ORDER BY
☑️B. GROUP BY
C. SORT BY
D. SUM BY
16. The SQL command to rename a table is
☑️A. RENAME
B. NEWNAME
C. CHANGE
D. SHIFT
17. Which of these is a comparison operator?
A. AND
B. OR
☑️C. >
D. NOT
18. SQL is mainly used for
A. Designing webpages
☑️B. Managing databases
C. Creating pictures
D. Running games
19. The AND operator requires
☑️A. Both conditions to be true
B. One condition to be false
C. Only one true
D. No condition
20. The OR operator requires
A. Both conditions to be false
☑️B. At least one condition to be true
C. Both true
D. None true
21. A table row is called
A. Field
☑️B. Record
C. Column
D. Attribute
22. A table column is called
A. Row
☑️B. Field
C. Tuple
D. Cell
23. SQL command used to remove a database
A. ERASE
☑️B. DROP DATABASE
C. DELETE DATABASE
D. REMOVE DATABASE
24. Which function counts records?
A. TOTAL
☑️B. COUNT()
C. SUM()
D. NUMBER()
25. Which function gives the highest value?
A. MIN()
☑️B. MAX()
C. TOP()
D. HIGH()
26. Which function calculates average?
A. MEDIAN()
B. MEAN()
☑️C. AVG()
D. MID()
27. Which keyword joins tables?
A. GROUP
☑️B. JOIN
C. MERGE
D. CONNECT
28. The BETWEEN operator checks
A. Strings only
☑️B. A range of values
C. One value
D. None
29. Which clause limits number of returned rows?
A. SHORTEN
☑️B. LIMIT
C. STOP
D. END
30. The NOT operator
A. Makes conditions true
☑️B. Reverses a condition
C. Joins tables
D. Sorts values
31. The IN operator checks
A. Equality
☑️B. Whether a value is in a list
C. Sorting
D. Joins
32. The HAVING clause is used with
A. ORDER BY
☑️B. GROUP BY
C. WHERE
D. JOIN
33. A primary key must be
A. Null
B. Duplicated
☑️C. Unique and not null
D. Random
34. Foreign keys are used to
A. Delete records
☑️B. Link tables
C. Sort data
D. Format tables
35. The default sort order is
A. DESC
☑️B. ASC
C. RANDOM
D. NONE
36. The SQL command to add a column
A. INSERT
☑️B. ALTER TABLE ADD
C. UPDATE ADD
D. CREATE COLUMN
37. Which type of SQL command is SELECT?
A. DDL
B. DCL
☑️C. DML
D. TCL
38. DROP TABLE belongs to
A. DML
☑️B. DDL
C. DCL
D. TCL
39. Which is a transactional command?
A. COMMIT
B. ROLLBACK
☑️C. BOTH A and B
D. SELECT
40. SQL keywords are
A. Case-sensitive
☑️B. Not case-sensitive
C. Only uppercase
D. Only lowercase
41. Which clause comes first in a SELECT query?
☑️A. SELECT
B. WHERE
C. FROM
D. ORDER BY
42. Which statement is correct SQL syntax?
☑️A. SELECT * FROM Students;
B. SELECT FROM * Students;
C. GET * Students;
D. SHOW Students;
43. The symbol <> means
A. Equal to
☑️B. Not equal to
C. Greater
D. Less
44. SUM function works on
A. Text
☑️B. Numbers
C. Dates
D. Fields only
45. DELETE removes
A. Table structure
☑️B. Table records
C. Database
D. All tables
46. Which of these is a SQL data type?
A. PICTURE
☑️B. VARCHAR
C. BUTTON
D. PAGE
47. CHAR data type stores
A. Pictures
☑️B. Fixed-length text
C. Long text
D. Numbers
48. The LIKE pattern %a means
☑️A. Ends with a
B. Starts with a
C. Contains only a
D. Not a
49. Which SQL command grants privileges?
A. ALLOW
☑️B. GRANT
C. PERMIT
D. ENABLE
50. Which SQL command removes privileges?
A. UNGRANT
☑️B. REVOKE
C. DELETE
D. REMOVE
51. Which of the following is NOT an integrity constraint?
A. Primary key
B. Foreign key
C. Check
D. Print key ✓
52. A primary key must be
A. Unique ✓
B. Duplicated
C. Null
D. A foreign key
53. A column with a UNIQUE constraint must contain:
A. No values
B. Only duplicate values
C. Distinct values ✓
D. Null values only
54. Which constraint prevents NULL values in a column?
A. CHECK
B. NOT NULL ✓
C. FOREIGN KEY
D. DEFAULT
55. A foreign key enforces:
A. Duplication of data
B. Referential integrity ✓
C. Arithmetic operations
D. Nullifying data
56. Which constraint ensures a value belongs to a referenced table?
A. PRIMARY KEY
B. UNIQUE
C. FOREIGN KEY ✓
D. CHECK
57. What does a CHECK constraint do?
A. Limits values to meet a condition ✓
B. Creates a new table
C. Formats data
D. Deletes data
58. The PRIMARY KEY constraint automatically implies:
A. UNIQUE and NOT NULL ✓
B. CHECK
C. DEFAULT
D. NULL
59. Referential integrity means:
A. Deleting all data
B. Data in child table must match parent table ✓
C. Data must be numeric
D. Data must be text
60. Which of these can be NULL?
A. Primary key
B. Unique key
C. Foreign key ✓
D. Not null column

61. What happens if you insert a foreign key value not in the parent
table?
A. It is accepted
B. It is deleted
C. It causes an error ✓
D. It becomes NULL
62. A DEFAULT constraint:
A. Deletes values
B. Inserts a preset value if none is provided ✓
C. Forces uniqueness
D. Checks conditions
63. Which SQL keyword is used to define a primary key?
A. PRIMARY KEY ✓
B. MAIN KEY
C. UNIQUE KEY
D. BASE KEY
64. Integrity constraints are used to:
A. Enforce rules on data ✓
B. Delete unwanted data
C. Format output
D. Change table names
65. A UNIQUE constraint allows how many NULLs?
A. None
B. One ✓
C. Two
D. Unlimited
66. Which integrity constraint creates a relationship between two
tables?
A. CHECK
B. DEFAULT
C. UNIQUE
D. FOREIGN KEY ✓
67. Which constraint ensures data accuracy?
A. Comments
B. Integrity constraints ✓
C. Functions
D. Joins
68. A CHECK constraint can be applied on:
A. Only primary key
B. Only foreign key
C. Any column ✓
D. No column
69. Which constraint can prevent negative age values?
A. PRIMARY KEY
B. CHECK ✓
C. UNIQUE
D. DEFAULT
70 A NOT NULL constraint ensures that:
A. Values must be text
B. Values cannot be empty ✓
C. Values must be numbers
D. Values must be unique
71. Which action maintains referential integrity?
A. Using a foreign key ✓
B. Using SELECT
C. Using PRINT
D. Using COUNT
72. Which clause removes a constraint?
A. DELETE
B. DROP CONSTRAINT ✓
C. REMOVE
D. TRIM
73. Which of these is a domain constraint?
A. FOREIGN KEY
B. CHECK(age > 0) ✓
C. PRIMARY KEY
D. NOT NULL
74. The term “candidate key” means:
A. A potential primary key ✓
B. A deleted key
C. A wrong key
D. A foreign key
75. Integrity constraints help to:
A. Corrupt data
B. Maintain data correctness ✓
C. Increase errors
D. Format reports
76. Which constraint is mostly used to avoid duplicate student IDs?
A. NOT NULL
B. UNIQUE
C. PRIMARY KEY ✓
D. FOREIGN KEY
77. Which constraint ensures that data meets a logical condition?
A. CHECK ✓
B. DROP
C. PRINT
D. UPDATE
78. A foreign key must reference:
A. A primary key or unique key in another table ✓
B. A text field
C. A null field
D. A date field
79. Oracle and MySQL both support:
A. Primary key constraint ✓
B. Magic key
C. Null key
D. Show key
80. DEFAULT constraints are used to:
A. Provide automatic values ✓
B. Delete rows
C. Drop tables
D. Modify references
81. Referential integrity ensures:
A. Data in the child table is valid ✓
B. Data is always text
C. Data is always numeric
D. All tables are identical
82. Which of the following is NOT a domain constraint?
A. CHECK
B. Data type
C. FOREIGN KEY ✓
D. NOT NULL
83. A primary key can consist of:
A. One or more columns ✓
B. Only one column
C. Only text fields
D. Only numeric fields
84. If a column is NOT NULL, it means:
A. Null is allowed
B. Null is not allowed ✓
C. Duplicates are not allowed
D. Values must be zero
85. Foreign key values may be:
A. Always unique
B. Always null
C. Null or matching a parent key ✓
D. Negative numbers only
86. A UNIQUE constraint prevents:
A. Nulls
B. Duplicate values ✓
C. Negative numbers
D. Text values
87. Domain constraints define:
A. The range and type of values ✓
B. The number of tables
C. Table names
D. Column order
88. An entity integrity constraint applies to:
A. Foreign key
B. Primary key ✓
C. Check constraint
D. Default
89. What does SQL use to enforce rules on tables?
A. Constraints ✓
B. Filters
C. Forms
D. Macros
90. CHECK (age >= 18) ensures:
A. Age must be 18 or above ✓
B. Age must be text
C. Age must be null
D. Age must be 0

91. Foreign keys help maintain:

A. Data redundancy
B. Table formatting
C. Referential integrity ✓
D. Colour coding
92. Which SQL constraint guarantees minimal duplication?
A. DEFAULT
B. UNIQUE ✓
C. DROP
D. VIEW
93. Entity integrity ensures:
A. A table has no rows
B. Primary key values are not null ✓
C. Data is text only
D. There is no foreign key
94. A composite key is:
A. A key made of multiple columns ✓
B. A foreign key
C. A null key
D. A temporary key
95. DEFAULT ‘Nigeria’ means:
A. Value must be Nigeria
B. If no value is given, Nigeria is used ✓
C. Nigeria cannot be used
D. Value must be null

96. Which constraint stops deleting a referenced parent row?

A. ON UPDATE
B. FOREIGN KEY ✓
C. NOT NULL
D. DEFAULT
97. Which constraint ensures uniqueness but allows one NULL?
A. PRIMARY KEY
B. UNIQUE ✓
C. CHECK
D. FOREIGN KEY
98. CHECK(score BETWEEN 0 AND 100) enforces:
A. Only negative scores
B. Scores must be 0 or 100
C. Scores within the allowed range ✓
D. Random scores
99. Referential integrity is violated when:
A. A child row references a non-existing parent ✓
B. A row is selected
C. A column is formatted
D. A table is printed
100. Constraints are applied using which SQL command?
A. INSERT
B. SELECT
C. CREATE TABLE ✓
D. PRINT
101. SQL stands for
A. Structured Query Language ✔️
B. Simple Query List
C. System Question Language
D. Standard Query Link
102. A table in SQL is also called a
A. Relation ✔️
B. Entity
C. Column
D. Key
103. Rows in a table are called
A. Fields
B. Attributes
C. Records ✔️
D. Columns
104. Columns in a table are called
A. Rows
B. Fields ✔️
C. Tuples
D. Relations
105. Which SQL command is used to retrieve data?
A. UPDATE
B. DELETE
C. SELECT ✔️
D. INSERT
106. Which SQL statement selects all columns?
A. SELECT ALL
B. SELECT * ✔️
C. GET *
D. SHOW *
107. Which keyword is used to remove duplicates?
A. UNIQUE
B. DISTINCT ✔️
C. SEPARATE
D. DIFFERENT
108. To select rows that meet a condition, SQL uses the
A. WHERE clause ✔️
B. WHAT clause
C. HAVING clause
D. FROM clause
109. Which query selects all students aged 14?
A. SELECT * FROM Students WHERE age = 14; ✔️
B. SELECT age = 14 FROM Students;
C. GET Students IF age = 14;
D. SHOW Students age 14;
110. The ORDER BY clause is used to
A. Filter rows
B. Sort results ✔️
C. Delete data
D. Update data
111. ASC means
A. Ascending order ✔️
B. Automatic search
C. Ascertain
D. Assemble
112. DESC means
A. Decrease speed
B. Descending order ✔️
C. Describe
D. Decision
113. Which operator is used for pattern matching?
A. LIKE ✔️
B. MATCH
C. PATTERN
D. =
114. The wildcard % means
A. One character
B. Many characters ✔️
C. No character
D. Only numbers
115. The wildcard _ means
A. Any one character ✔️
B. Any number
C. Any symbol
D. Space
116. Which operator checks for a range?
A. BETWEEN ✔️
B. RANGE
C. LIMIT
D. CHECK
117. Which operator checks for a list of values?
A. IN ✔️
B. LIST
C. HAS
D. WITH
118. Which retrieves all students whose age is NOT 15?
A. WHERE age = 15
B. WHERE age <> 15 ✔️
C. WHERE age IN 15
D. WHERE NOT age
119. SQL joins are used to
A. Delete tables
B. Combine data from tables ✔️
C. Create keys
D. Sort values
120. The primary key must be
A. Repeated
B. Null
C. Unique ✔️
D. Hidden
121. To rename a column in a query, we use
A. RENAME
B. AS ✔️
C. LIKE
D. CALL
122. Which is the correct use of AS?
A. SELECT name AS student name FROM Students; ✔️
B. SELECT name student name FROM AS Students;
C. SELECT AS name FROM Students;
D. AS SELECT name FROM Students;
123. Aggregation function that counts rows
A. TOTAL
B. SUM
C. COUNT ✔️
D. NUMBER
124. Aggregation function that returns average
A. AVG ✔️
B. MEAN
C. MID
D. AVERAGE
125. Which returns the highest value?
A. TOP
B. MAX ✔️
C. HIGH
D. UP
126. Which SQL statement calculates the sum of scores?
A. SELECT TOTAL(score) FROM Students;
B. SELECT SUM(score) FROM Students; ✔️
C. ADD score FROM Students;
D. SHOW sum score;
127. HAVING is used with
A. ORDER BY
B. GROUP BY ✔️
C. SELECT ONLY
D. WHERE ONLY
128. GROUP BY groups rows that
A. Are sorted
B. Have the same values ✔️
C. Have different values
D. Are deleted
129. Which shows students grouped by class?
A. GROUP Students BY class;
B. SELECT * CLASS Students;
C. SELECT class, COUNT(*) FROM Students GROUP BY class; ✔️
D. SELECT GROUP class Students;
130. To remove all records from a table
A. DELETE * FROM table ✔️
B. REMOVE table
C. CLEAR table
D. DROP table
131. To delete an entire table
A. CLEAR Students
B. DELETE Students
C. DROP TABLE Students ✔️
D. REMOVE TABLE Students
132. To update a student's score
A. ALTER score
B. UPDATE Students SET score=90 ✔️
C. CHANGE score 90
D. MODIFY Students score
133. The FROM clause identifies
A. Columns
B. Tables ✔️
C. Keys
D. Functions
134. Which finds names starting with ‘A’?
A. WHERE name = 'A%'
B. WHERE name LIKE 'A%' ✔️
C. WHERE name HAS 'A'
D. WHERE name START 'A'
135. Which finds phone numbers containing 24?
A. WHERE phone LIKE '%24%' ✔️
B. WHERE phone = '24'
C. WHERE phone IN 24
D. WHERE phone BETWEEN 2 AND 4
136. Which query limits results to 5 rows?
A. SELECT * FROM Students CAP 5;
B. SELECT * FROM Students TAKE 5;
C. SELECT * FROM Students LIMIT 5; ✔️
D. SELECT 5 FROM Students;
137. Which operator represents "not equal"?
A. ==
B. =/=
C. <> ✔️
D. ><
138. A foreign key links
A. Two rows
B. Two schemas
C. Two tables ✔️
D. Two queries
139. SQL commands that deal with data retrieval are
A. DDL
B. DCL
C. DML ✔️
D. DSL
140. To sort by two columns
A. ORDER BY column1, column2 ✔️
B. ORDER column1 column2
C. SORT column1; column2
D. ORDER column1 & column2
141. A NULL value means
A. Zero
B. Empty string
C. Unknown or missing ✔️
D. Negative
142. Which query checks for NULL?
A. WHERE age = NULL
B. WHERE age IS NULL ✔️
C. WHERE age LIKE NULL
D. WHERE NULL age
143. Which is a valid comparison operator?
A. ABOVE
B. UNDER
C. >= ✔️
D. NOT
144. The keyword used to join tables with matching columns
A. MATCH JOIN
B. EQUATE
C. INNER JOIN ✔️
D. COMBINE
145. Which selects distinct classes?
A. SELECT ONLY class FROM Students;
B. SELECT DISTINCT class FROM Students; ✔️
C. SELECT UNIQUE class FROM Students;
D. SELECT class UNIQUE;
146. To calculate number of classes
A. SELECT COUNT(class) FROM Students;
B. SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT class) FROM Students; ✔️
C. SELECT SUM(class) FROM Students;
D. SELECT DISTINCT COUNT(class);
147. To find students aged between 12 and 16
A. WHERE age IN 12 TO 16
B. WHERE age BETWEEN 12 AND 16 ✔️
C. WHERE age RANGE 12 16
D. WHERE age LIMIT 12 16
148. Which performs pattern search?
A. LIKE ✔️
B. FIND
C. SORT
D. MATCHES
149. Which selects students whose score is greater than 70?
A. WHERE score > 70 ✔️
B. WHERE score >=< 70
C. WHERE score ABOVE 70
D. WHERE score => 70
150. Which is used to combine query results?
A. MERGE
B. UNION ✔️
C. GROUP
D. ATTACH
151. Which of the following is NOT a type of file organization?
A. Sequential
B. Direct
C. Indexed
D. Blueprint ✓
152. In which file organization are records stored one after another?
A. Sequential ✓
B. Direct
C. Random
D. Indexed
153. Another name for direct file organization is ___.
A. Sequential
B. Random ✓
C. Indexed
D. Serial
154. Which file organization uses a key field to calculate storage location?
A. Sequential
B. Random ✓
C. Indexed
D. Serial
155. Which is best for large batch processing?
A. Sequential ✓
B. Random
C. Indexed
D. Direct
156. Which file organization is most suitable for payroll systems?
A. Indexed
B. Sequential ✓
C. Random
D. Hierarchical
157. Which type uses an index to locate records?
A. Sequential
B. Indexed ✓
C. Random
D. Direct
158. A disadvantage of sequential file organization is that ___.
A. It is easy to update
B. It is slow for searching ✓
C. It is very expensive
D. It requires hashing
159. Which file organization is fastest for searching?
A. Sequential
B. Indexed
C. Random ✓
D. Serial
160. The storage location of a record in direct organization is obtained using ___.
A. Pointer
B. Hash function ✓
C. Index table
D. Accumulator
161. Which file organization is best for transaction-based systems?
A. Sequential
B. Indexed
C. Random ✓
D. Serial
162. Indexed file organization uses ___.
A. Pointers
B. Hashing
C. Index table ✓
D. Queue
163. Which file organization offers both fast access and systematic order?
A. Sequential
B. Indexed ✓
C. Random
D. Serial
164. A serial file stores records in order of ___.
A. Key field
B. Arrival ✓
C. Size
D. Date of birth
165. Which of the following is a disadvantage of direct file organization?
A. Slow access
B. Collision may occur ✓
C. Too simple
D. Requires no key
166. Which file type is best for small databases?
A. Sequential ✓
B. Random
C. Indexed
D. Hierarchical
167. Which file organization is ideal when frequent insertions occur?
A. Indexed ✓
B. Sequential
C. Serial
D. Direct
168. An overflow area is used in ___.
A. Sequential
B. Indexed
C. Random ✓
D. Serial
169. The process of converting a key into a storage address is called ___.
A. Mapping ✓
B. Sorting
C. Grouping
D. Scanning
170. Which file organization wastes the most storage?
A. Sequential
B. Indexed
C. Direct ✓
D. Serial
171. A file organized sequentially must first be ___.
A. Indexed
B. Sorted ✓
C. Opened with hashing
D. Encrypted
172. Which is used when records are accessed using a key?
A. Serial
B. Random
C. Direct ✓
D. Chronological
173. Which organization is most suited for student result look-up?
A. Random
B. Sequential
C. Indexed ✓
D. Serial
174. The simplest form of file organization is ___.
A. Sequential
B. Serial ✓
C. Indexed
D. Random
175. In direct organization, two keys generating same address is called ___.
A. Clustering
B. Collision ✓
C. Merging
D. Blending
176. Which system requires updating records quickly?
A. Direct file organization ✓
B. Sequential
C. Chronological
D. Indexed
177. To reduce collisions, direct file organization uses ___.
A. Sorting
B. Re-indexing
C. Hashing ✓
D. Scanning
178. A disadvantage of indexed organization is ___.
A. Slow access
B. Large storage requirement ✓
C. Collision
D. No key
179. Which file organization stores records in no particular order?
A. Sequential
B. Serial ✓
C. Indexed
D. Hierarchical
180. Which is the most expensive to maintain?
A. Serial
B. Sequential
C. Direct
D. Indexed ✓